Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae, Volume 2: Biological Effects and Risk Management

663 Pages·2014·17.07 MB·English

by  Gian Paolo Rossini

Toxins and Biologically Active
Compounds from Microalgae
Volume 2
Biological Effects and Risk Management
Cover illustration
The illustration in the blue background of the cover represents the general proteomic
workfl ow, as reported in fi gure 1 in chapter 7 appearing in this book (source: courtesy
of Kari Espolin Fladmark, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen,
Norway). The composite picture at the center of the cover includes (from left to
right, from top to bottom): simultaneous measurement of maitotoxin-induced green
fl uorescent protein loss and ethidium bromide uptake in bovine aortic endothelial
cells representing fi gure 4 in chapter 3 appearing in this book (source: fi gure 8 from
Wisnoskey et al., American Journal of Physiology—Cell Physiology, August 2004,
Vol. 287, C345-C356, with the kind permission from The American Physiological
Society); working model of the molecular mechanism of action of azaspiracids
representing fi gure 1 in chapter 6 appearing in this book (source: courtesy of Gian
Paolo Rossini, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio
Emilia, Modena Italy); mechanistic models for Kv channel inhibition by gambierol
representing fi gure 5 in chapter 1 appearing in this book (source: © 2013 Kopljar et
al. Originally published in Journal of General Physiology. 141:359-369. doi:10.1085/
jgp.201210890, courtesy of the Authors); infl ammatory responses in the intestine
of an oyster exposed to Alexandrium minutum, as reported in fi gure 1 in chapter 15
appearing in this book (source: courtesy of Philippe Soudant, Institut Universitaire
Européen de la Mer-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences
de l’Environnement Marin, Plouzané, France).
Toxins and Biologically Active
Compounds from Microalgae
Volume 2
Biological Effects and Risk Management
Editor
Gian Paolo Rossini
Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Modena
Italy
p,
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
GL--Prelims with new title page.indd ii 4/25/2012 9:52:40 AM
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Preface
The publication of volume 2 of this work on toxic microalgae and microalgal
toxins completes the structured presentation of major scientifi c areas
touched by the complexity of this fi eld. Volume 2 integrates fundamental
knowledge on biological activity and toxicity of microalgal products
with key information regarding risk management in a global dimension.
The description of molecular mechanisms of action of “old” and “novel”
toxin groups, the cellular and molecular processes affected by these
natural compounds, the effects of alterations induced by toxins at an
organismal level, on humans, animals and the environment have been
approached, based on most advanced investigations and research tools. The
consequences and impact of harmful blooms and seafood contamination
due to toxic microalgae are examined in the last section of the volume.
The many facets of the management of risks posed by these toxins have
been presented, highlighting the complex network of elements and their
interactions. The strategies envisaged to protect public health and the
environment have been proposed with reference to both ecological and
regional issues, representing two sides of the unifi ed picture including
human beings in a global biological and political dimension.
Leading experts in their own fi elds have contributed to this book, and
I wish to thank them, because the knowledge, interest and time used for
writing their chapters made this work possible.
The existence of open issues in the field will emerge from the
presentation of molecular processes altered by toxins and the effects exerted
in different experimental systems and conditions. Those open issues confi rm
that discussions and critical thinking are fundamental for the growth of
knowledge, and testify that this area is in a very good shape, displaying
a number of lines and topics supporting intense debate and continuing
conceptual and empirical developments. I am convinced that very exciting
and intellectually rewarding studies awaits the scientifi c community in
the next years, providing further knowledge and tools to protect human
and environmental health and to support the activities of fi shery and
aquaculture industry.
Gian Paolo Rossini
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Contents
Preface v
List of Contributors xi
Section 3: Molecular Mechanisms and Modes of
Action of Microalgal Toxins
1. The Mechanism of Action of Microalgal Toxins Interacting 3
with Na and K Channels
V V
Ivan Kopljar, Steve Peigneur, Dirk J. Snyders and Jan Tytgat
2. Pharmacological Actions of Palytoxin 35
Chau H. Wu
3. Molecular Mechanisms of Maitotoxin Action 61
William P. Schilling
4. The Mechanisms of Action of Domoic Acid: From Pathology 86
to Physiology
Antonello Novelli, Maria Teresa Fernández-Sánchez,
Anabel Pérez-Gómez, David Cabrera-García, Robert H. Lipsky,
Ann M. Marini and Javier Salas-Puig
5. Cyclic Imine Neurotoxins Acting on Muscarinic and 116
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Jordi Molgó, Rómulo Aráoz, Bogdan I. Iorga, Evelyne Benoit
and Armen Zakarian
6. Molecular Bases of Effects of Azaspiracids and Yessotoxins 147
Gian Paolo Rossini and Gian Luca Sala
7. Proteomic Tools to Elucidate the Molecular Action of 196
Micro-Algal Toxins
Kari Espolin Fladmark
viii Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae Volume 2
Section 4: Impact of Toxic Microalgae and Microalgal
Toxins on Biological Systems
8. Domoic Acid: Biological Effects and Health Implications 219
Olga M. Pulido
9. Toxicity of Okadaic Acid/Dinophysistoxins and 253
Microcystins on Biological Systems
Valérie Fessard
10. Toxicity of Cyclic Imines 283
Rex Munday
11. Clinical Applications of Paralytic Shellfi sh Poisoning Toxins 309
Néstor Lagos
12. Toxicology of Ciguatoxins 330
Irina Vetter and Richard J. Lewis
13. Toxicity of Palytoxins: From Cellular to Organism Level 351
Responses
Jonathan R. Deeds
14. Effects of Toxic Microalgae on Marine Organisms 379
Jan H. Landsberg, Kathi A. Lefebvre and Leanne J. Flewelling
Section 5: Management of Risks Posed by Toxic
Microalgae and Microalgal Toxins
15. Phycotoxins: Seafood Contamination, Detoxifi cation and 453
Processing
Patrick Lassus, Patrick Bourdeau, Claire Marcaillou and
Philippe Soudant
16. Coupled Nature-Human (CNH) Systems: Generic Aspects of 502
Human Interactions with Blooms of Florida Red Tide
(Karenia brevis) and Implications for Policy Responses
Porter Hoagland
17. Modeling of Harmful Algal Blooms: Advances in the 538
Last Decade
Peter J.S. Franks
18. Challenging Times for the Detection of Marine Biotoxins 566
in the EU
Ana Gago-Martínez and Ana Braña-Magdalena
Contents ix
19. Risk Management of Marine Algal Toxins in China 585
Jinhui Wang, Hong Huang and Jianyong Wu
20. Some Models of Risk Management Posed by Toxic 597
Microalgae and Microalgal Toxins in Africa
Hamid Taleb and Charles John Foord
21. International Initiatives to Assess and Manage the Risk of 616
Biotoxins in Bivalve Molluscs
Lahsen Ababouch
Taxonomic Index 631
Geographic Index 636
Subject Index 641
About the Editor 671
Color Plate Section 673