The Parallel Brain: The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Corpus Callosum (Issues in Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology)

568 Pages·2002·10.95 MB·English

by  Eran Zaidel

THE PARALLEL BRAIN
The Cognitive Neuroscience
of the Corpus Callosum
Issues in Clinical and Cognitive
Neuropsychology
Jordan Grafman, series editor
The Parallel Brain: The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Corpus
Callosum, Eran Zaidel and Marco Iacoboni, editors,
2003
Gateway to Memory: An Introduction to Neural Network
Modeling of the Hippocampus and Learning, Mark A. Gluck
and Catherine E. Myers, 2001
Patient-Based Approaches to Cognitive Neuroscience, Martha J.
Farah and Todd E. Feinberg, editors, 2000
THE PARALLEL BRAIN
The Cognitive Neuroscience
of the Corpus Callosum
Eran Zaidel and Marco Iacoboni, Editors
A BRADFORD BOOK
THE MIT PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
LONDON, ENGLAND
( 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro-
duced in any form by any electronic or mechanical
means (including photocopying, recording, or information
storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from
the publisher.
This book was set in Baskerville on 3B2 by Asco Type-
setters, Hong Kong, and was printed and bound in the
United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The parallel brain : the cognitive neuroscience of the
corpus callosum / edited by Eran Zaidel and Marco
Iacoboni.
p. ; cm. — (Issues in clinical and cognitive
neuropsychology)
‘‘A Bradford book.’’
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-262-24044-0 (hc : alk. paper)
1. Corpus callosum. 2. Sensorimotor integration.
3. Cerebral hemispheres. 4. Alexia. I. Zaidel, Eran.
II. Iacoboni, Marco. III. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Corpus Callosum—physiology. 2. Brain—
physiology. 3. Cognitive Science. 4. Dominance,
Cerebral. 5. Laterality. WL307 P222 2003]
QP382.2 .P37 2003
612.8025—dc21 2001044328
Dedicated to the memory of Esther Zaidel
This page intentionally left blank
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Introduction: Po¤enberger’s Simple Reaction Time Paradigm for Measuring
Interhemispheric Transfer Time Eran Zaidel and Marco Iacoboni 1
I ANATOMY AND MORPHOMETRY OF THE CORPUS
CALLOSUM 9
Anatomy: Animal Studies 11
1 Callosal Axons and Their Development Giorgio M. Innocenti and
Raymond Bressoud 11
commentary 1.1 The E¤ects of Early Injury to the Cortical Plate on Callosal
Connectivity Glenn D. Rosen 27
commentary 1.2 Binocular Input Elimination and the Reshaping of Callosal
Connection Maurice Ptito and Denis Boire 30
Anatomy: Human Studies 33
2 Corpus Callosum Morphology in Relation to Cerebral Asymmetries in
the Postmortem Human Francisco Aboitiz, Andre´s Ide, and
Ricardo Olivares 33
commentary 2.1 Complexity of Human Interhemispheric
Connections Stephanie Clarke 47
Morphometry 51
3 Brain Size: A Possible Source of Interindividual Variability in Corpus
Callosum Morphology Lutz Ja¨ncke and Helmuth Steinmetz 51
commentary 3.1 Size Di¤erences in the Callosum: Analysis Beyond the Main
E¤ects Patricia E. Cowell 64
vii
commentary 3.2 Individual Di¤erences in Corpus Callosum
Morphometry: To Normalize or Not to Normalize for Brain Size
Jeffrey M. Clarke 70
4 Morphometrics for Callosal Shape Studies Fred L. Bookstein 75
5 Mapping Structural Alterations of the Corpus Callosum During Brain
Development and Degeneration Paul M. Thompson, Katherine L. Narr,
Rebecca E. Blanton, and Arthur W. Toga 93
editorial commentary 1 New Insights in Callosal Anatomy and
Morphometry Eran Zaidel and Marco Iacoboni 131
II PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CALLOSAL
SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION 137
Physiology: Animal Studies 139
6 Functions of the Corpus Callosum as Derived from Split-Chiasm Studies in
Cats Maurice Ptito 139
commentary 6.1 The Midline Fusion Hypothesis Is All Right But Cannot
Explain All Callosal Functions Giovanni Berlucchi 154
7 Forebrain Commissures: Glimpses of Neurons Producing Mind
Robert W. Doty 157
commentary 7.1 From the Physiology of Callosal Connections
to the Understanding of the Mind: Still a Long Way to Go
Giovanni Berlucchi 166
Physiology: Human Studies 171
8 Interhemispheric Visuomotor Activation: Spatiotemporal Electrophysiology
Related to Reaction Time Clifford D. Saron, John J. Foxe,
Gregory V. Simpson, and Herbert G. Vaughan, Jr. 171
commentary 8.1 Interhemispheric Transfer of Visual Information as a
Function of Retinal Eccentricity: Evidence from Event-Related
Potentials Carlo Miniussi, Angelo Maravita, and Carlo Marzi 220
commentary 8.2 Neuroimaging Patterns of Intra- and Interhemispheric
Connectivity Marco Iacoboni and Eran Zaidel 224
commentary 8.3 The Use of Event-Related Potentials for Measuring
Interhemispheric Transfer Time Steven Berman 230
viii contents
editorial commentary 2 Current Directions in Physiological Studies of
Callosal Functions Marco Iacoboni and Eran Zaidel 232
III INTERHEMISPHERIC SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION:
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES 235
The Normal Brain 237
9 The Evolution of the Concept of Interhemispheric Relay Time
Claude M. J. Braun, Andre´ Achim, and Caroline Larocque 237
commentary 9.1 Does the CUD in SRT Measure IHTT? Or:
Is the Crossed-Uncrossed Di¤erence in the Simple Reaction Time Task a
Pure Measure of Interhemispheric Transfer Time? Eran Zaidel and
Marco Iacoboni 259
commentary 9.2 Interacting Hemispheres: A Means of Modulating
Attention Marie T. Banich 267
10 The Corpus Callosum Equilibrates Hemispheric Activation
Marcel Kinsbourne 271
commentary 10.1 A Plan for the Empirical Evaluation of the Coactivation/
Equilibration Model of Callosal Function Jacqueline Liederman 282
The Split Brain 287
Callosal Channels: Insights from Partial Callosotomy 287
11 E¤ects of Partial Callosal and Unilateral Cortical Lesions on Interhemispheric
Transfer Carlo A. Marzi, L. G. Bongiovanni, Carlo Miniussi, and
Nicola Smania 287
commentary 11.1 Interhemispheric Transfer of Visuomotor Inputs in a
Split-Brain Patient: Electrophysiological and Behavioral Indexes
Alice Mado Proverbio and Alberto Zani 296
12 Stable and Variable Aspects of Callosal Channels: Lessons from Partial
Disconnection Marco Iacoboni and Eran Zaidel 301
commentary 12.1 Attentional Modulation of Interhemispheric Transfer:
A Two-Channel Threshold Model Kenneth Hugdahl 307
Complete Callosotomy and Commissurotomy 319
13 Sensorimotor Integration in the Split Brain Eran Zaidel and
Marco Iacoboni 319
contents ix