The Crusader World PDF
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The Crusader World The Crusader World is a multidisciplinary survey of the current state of research in the field of crusader studies, an area of study which has become increasingly popular in recent years. In this volume Adrian Boas draws together an impressive range of academics, including work from renowned scholars as well as a number of thought-provoking pieces from emerg- ing researchers, in order to provide broad coverage of the major aspects of the period. This authoritative work will play an important role in the future direction of crusading studies. This volume enriches present knowledge of the crusades, addressing such wide-ranging subjects as: intelligence and espionage, gender issues, religious celebrations in crusader Jerusalem, political struggles in crusader Antioch, the archaeological study of battle sites and fortifications, diseases suffered by the crusaders, crusading in northern Europe and Spain and the impact of crusader art. The relationship between crusaders and Muslims, two distinct and in many way opposing cultures, is also examined in depth, including a discus- sion of how the Franks perceived their enemies. Arranged into eight thematic sections, The Crusader World considers many central issues as well as a large number of less familiar topics of the crusades, crusader society, history and culture. With over 100 photographs, line drawings and maps, this impressive collection of essays is a key resource for students and scholars alike. Adrian J. Boas is Professor of Medieval Archaeology in the Departments of Archaeology and Land of Israel Studies at Haifa University, Israel. THE ROUTLEDGE WORLDS THE CELTIC WORLD Edited by Miranda Green THE GREEK WORLD Edited by Anton Powell THE REFORMATION WORLD Edited by Andrew Pettegree THE EARLY CHRISTIAN WORLD Edited by Philip F. Esler THE ROMAN WORLD Edited by John Wacher THE MEDIEVAL WORLD Edited by Peter Linehan and Janet L. Nelson THE BIBLICAL WORLD Edited by John Barton THE HINDU WORLD Edited by Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby THE ENLIGHTENMENT WORLD Edited by Martin Fitzpatrick THE WORLD OF POMPEII Edited by Pedar W. Foss and John J. Dobbins THE BABYLONIAN WORLD Edited by Gwendolyn Leick THE RENAISSANCE WORLD Edited by John Jeffries Martin THE EGYPTIAN WORLD Edited by Toby Wilkinson THE ISLAMIC WORLD Edited by Andrew Rippin THE VIKING WORLD Edited by Stefan Brink and Neil Price THE BYZANTINE WORLD Edited by Paul Stephenson THE ELIZABETHAN WORLD Edited by Susan Doran and Norman Jones THE WORLD OF THE AMERICAN WEST Edited by Gordon Morris Bakken THE OTTOMAN WORLD Edited by Christine Woodhead THE VICTORIAN WORLD Edited by Martin Hewitt THE ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN WORLD Edited by Augustine Casiday THE SUMERIAN WORLD Edited by Harriet Crawford THE ETRUSCAN WORLD Edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa THE GOTHIC WORLD Edited by Glennis Byron and Dale Townshend THE WORLD OF THE REVOLUTIONARY AMERICAN REPUBLIC Edited by Andrew Shankman THE WORLD OF INDIGENOUS NORTH AMERICA Edited by Robert Warrior THE FIN-DE-SIÈCLE WORLD Edited by Michael Saler THE OCCULT WORLD Edited by Christopher Partridge THE ATLANTIC WORLD Edited by D’Maris Coffman, Adrian Leonard, William O’Reilly THE BUDDHIST WORLD Edited by John Powers Forthcoming: THE MODERNIST WORLD Edited by Stephen Ross and Allana Lindgren THE POSTCOLONIAL WORLD Edited by Jyotsna Singh and David Kim THE SHAKESPEAREAN WORLD Edited by Jill L. Levenson and Robert Ormsby THE WORLD OF IONIA Edited by Alan M. Greaves THE WORLD OF FORMATIVE EUROPE Edited by Martin Carver and Madeleine Hummler THE CRUSADER WORLD Edited by Adrian J. Boas First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Adrian J. Boas for selection and editorial matter; individual contributions, the contributors. The right of Adrian J. Boas to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders. Please advise the publisher of any errors or omissions, and these will be corrected in subsequent editions. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The crusader world / edited by Adrian J. Boas. pages cm. — (The Routledge worlds) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Crusades. I. Boas, Adrian J., 1952- editor, author. D157.C763 2015 909.07—dc23 2015011532 ISBN: 978-0-415-82494-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-68415-4 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK CONTENTS List of illustrations xi List of contributors xvi 1 Introduction 1 Adrian J. Boas PART I: IDEOLOGY, CRUSADE, WARFARE AND PEACE-MAKING 2 Pope Urban II and the ideology of the crusades 7 Paul E. Chevedden 3 Women’s involvement in the crusades 54 Helen J. Nicholson 4 ‘Crusading’ warfare in the twelfth century 68 John France 5 Paid troops in the service of military orders during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries 84 Alan Forey 6 Peacemaking in an age of war: when were cross-religious alliances in the Latin East considered treason? 98 Yvonne Friedman — Contents — PART II: THE CRUSADER WEST 7 The military-religious orders in the crusader West 111 Karl Borchardt 8 Crusade, empire and the process of war in Staufen Germany, 1180–1220 128 Daniel P. Franke 9 Northern crusades: between holy war and mission 144 Darius von Güttner-Sporzyński 10 Christian expansion in medieval Iberia: Reconquista or crusade? 163 Luis García-Guijarro Ramos PART III: THE LATIN EAST 11 The Venetian presence in the crusader lordship of Tyre: a tale of decline 181 David Jacoby 12 The Antiochene war of succession 196 Jochen Burgtorf 13 Western Upper Galilee under crusader rule 212 Rabei G. Khamisy 14 Queen Alice of Cyprus 225 Bernard Hamilton 15 The Franciscan return to the Holy Land (1333) and Mt Sion: pilgrimage and the apostolic mission 241 Andrew Jotischky PART IV: MEDIEVAL BYZANTIUM 16 Byzantine crusaders: holy war and crusade rhetoric in Byzantine contacts with the West (1095–1341) 259 Nikolaos G. Chrissis 17 Memory and ideology: the image of the crusades in Byzantine historiography, eleventh–thirteenth centuries 278 Aphrodite Papayianni 18 The fall of Jerusalem (1187) as viewed from Byzantium 289 Michael Angold viii — Contents — PART V: MEETING ISLAM 19 An illusion of ignorance? The Muslims of the Middle East and the Franks before the crusades 311 Niall Christie 20 The early Mamlūks and the end of the crusader presence in Syria (1250–1291) 324 Reuven Amitai 21 The Muslim political world as mirrored in the First Crusade chronicles 346 Svetlana Luchitskaya 22 Crusaders, Muslims and biblical stories: Saladin and Joseph 362 Yehoshua Frenkel 23 Historical motifs in the writing of Muslim authors of the crusading era 378 Daniella Talmon-Heller 24 Latin Cyprus and its relations with the Mamluk sultanate, 1250–1517 391 Nicholas Coureas 25 Christian mercenaries in Muslim lands: their status in medieval Islamic and canon law 419 Michael Lower PART VI: ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CRUSADES 26 Crusader fortifications: between tradition and innovation 437 Mathias Piana 27 Crusader battlefields: environmental and archaeological perspectives 460 Raphael Y. Lewis 28 The Hospitaller castle of Belvoir: setting the scene for a discussion of the topography, geology and architecture 490 Vardit Shotten-Hallel, Eytan Sass and Lydia Perelis Grossowicz 29 Maritime commerce in the Latin East as reflected in the import of ceramics 519 Edna J. Stern 30 Domestic life in the Latin East 544 Adrian J. Boas 31 Conquest and Europeanisation: the archaeology of the crusades in Livonia, Prussia and Lithuania 568 Aleksander Pluskowski and Heiki Valk 32 Intestinal parasites in the crusades: evidence for disease, diet and migration 593 Piers D. Mitchell ix
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