The Boundaries of Babel Current Studies inLinguistics SamuelJay Keyser, general editor AcompletelistofbookspublishedintheCurrentStudiesinLinguisticsseriesappearsatthe backofthisbook. The Boundaries of Babel The Brainand theEnigma of ImpossibleLanguages Andrea Moro TranslatedfromItalianbyIvanoCaponigroandDanielB.Kane TheMITPress Cambridge,Massachusetts London,England 62008MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology Allrights reserved. Nopart of thisbook maybereproduced inanyform by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or informa- tionstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or salespromotionaluse.Forinformation, [email protected] .edu or write to Special Sales Department, The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge,MA02142. ThisbookwassetinTimesNewRomanandSyntaxon3B2byAscoTypesetters, HongKongandwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Moro,Andrea. [ConfinidiBabele.English] TheboundariesofBabel:thebrainandtheenigmaofimpossiblelanguages/ AndreaMoro;translatedfromItalianbyIvanoCaponigroandDanielB.Kane. p. cm. — (Currentstudiesinlinguistics) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-262-13498-9(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Biolinguistics. I.Title. P132.M6713 2008 401—dc22 2007039870 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book isdedicated to all the beautiful things that come to an end because they prove tome that I amlooking for one thatdoes not. Dumtaxatrerummagnarumparvapotestresexemplaredareetvestigianotitiai So far as it goes, a small thing may give an analogy of great things, and show the tracksofknowledge. —Lucretius,OnNature Contents ForewordbyNoamChomsky xi Translators’note xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Prologue 1 1 HiddenTexture 7 2 LanguageintheBrain 121 3 TheFormofGrammar 189 Epilogue 229 References 231 NameIndex 245 SubjectIndex 251