Readings in Eastern Philosophy: An Open Source Reader

205 Pages·2004·3.78 MB·English

Readings in Eastern
Philosophy
An Open Source Text
Edited by
Lee Archie
John G. Archie
Readings in Eastern Philosophy: An Open Source Text
EditedbyLeeArchieandJohnG.Archie
Version0.1Edition
PublishedMarch,2004
Copyright©2004LeeArchie,JohnG.Archie
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ImageCredits. Theimagesinthisworkhavebeenadaptedfromtheoriginalby
resizing,cropping,andprocessing.
Preface,“WhyOpenSource?"”.TabulaeRudolphinae:quibusastronomicae... byJohannesKepler,
1571-1630,NOAAPhotoLibrary(http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/).HistoricC&GSCollection,.
Chapter1,BhagavadGita.India—Benares—MonkeyTemple,FrankandFrancisCarpenterCollection
[LC-USZ62-125561];RuinsinDelhi,CalebWright,IndiaandItsInhabitants,1869;OrnateRoyalCarriage,
LibraryofCongress[LC-USZ62-35122];AnExpandingBubbleinSpace(alt-detail)[HSTI#PROO-04],
GRINNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(http://grin.hq.nasa.gov);AnExpandingBubblein
Space(alt-detail)[HSTI#PROO-04];TheCat’sEyeNebula(alt-detail)[HSTI#PRC95-01A]National
AeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(http://grin.hq.nasa.gov).GoldenTemple,India,FrankandFrances
CarpenterCollection[LC-USZ62-5828];VillageinPunjab,FarmSecurityAdministration
[LC-USW33-043106-ZC];TemplesofJammufromdistance,World’sTransportationCommission,William
HenryJackson[W7-483].
Chapter2,“PaperOnHinduism”.Vivekananda;CityontheMountains—India,WilliamHenryJackson,
WorldTransportationCommission,LibraryofCongress[W7-471];Delhi—RuinsofShershak,William
HenryJackson,WorldTransportationCommission,LibraryofCongress[W7-506];Riverfront,William
HenryJackson,WorldTransportationCommission,LibraryofCongress[W7-587];Delhi—CashmereGates,
WilliamHenryJackson,WorldTransportationCommission,LibraryofCongress[W7-507].
Chapter3,“TheFourNobleTruths”.Yogi,ViewofBenares,andCrossingOver,fromWilliamButler,Land
oftheVeda:BeingPersonalReminiscencesofIndia,NewYork:Calton&Lanahan,1872;DeerPark,Library
ofCongress.
Chapter4,“TheNobleEightfoldPath”.BrahminReading,CalebWright,IndiaandItsInhabitants,
Cincinnati,Ohio:J.A.Brainerd,1858.Indonesia-—Java-—Jogjakarta[i.e.Yogyakarta].Temple
ruins—detailsofsculptedfigures,FrankandFrancisCarpenterCollection,LibraryofCongress
[LC-USZ62-95443];BuddhistTemple,Cambodia,FrenchPostcard,1905;PhotographicViewsof
Thailand—TempleWatPrakeu-—Bangkok,LibraryofCongress[LC-USZ62-5322];Riceboatonthe
IrrawaddyheadingforRangoon,World’sTransportationCommission,LibraryofCongress[W7-599];
BuddhistRoom,MuseumofFineArts,Boston,Mass.,LibraryofCongress[LC-D4-72635].
Chapter5,Dhammapada.BronzeBuddha,TheAmericanCyclopædia;China,KiangsuProvince,Soochow,
FrankandFrancisCarpenterCollection,LibraryofCongress[LC-USZ62-104037];China-BurmaHighway,
U.S.PublicHealthService,LibraryofCongress[USW33-043086-ZC];ChineseBuiltSuspensionBridge,
SzechwanProvince,ChinaFrankandFrancisCarpenterCollection,LibraryofCongress
[LC-USZ62-104037];BronzeStatueofAmidaNyorai,DenjiroHasegawa,photographer,LibraryofCongress
[LC-USZ62-98646];HongKongDockWorkers,FrankandFrancisCarpenterCollection,LibraryofCongress
[LC-US262-118505];RecliningBuddha,ViewsofThailand,LibraryofCongress[LC-USZ62-5320];Hong
KongSampans,FrankandFrancesCarpenterCollection,LibraryofCongress[LC-USZ62-118501];Hong
KongRickshaw,FrankandFrancesCarpenterCollection,LibraryofCongress[LC-USZ62-118508];F.
Boileau,PhotographalbumoftheBoileaufamily’svoyagefromEnglandtoAustralia(1894-1895).
Chapter6,DoctrineOftheMean.Confucius,ThoemmesPress(http://www.thoemmes.com/gallery.htm);
ChineseGentleman’sGarden,APavilioninPun-Ting-Qua’sGarden;OneoftheInnerGatesofPeking;
TempleoftheFiveHundredGods,TheWillow-PatternBridge,GreatGateway,TempleofConfucius,fromJ.
Thompson.TheStraitsofMalacca,Indo-China,andChina;or,Tenyears’travels,adventures,andresidence
abroadNewYork:Harper&Brothers,1875.WoodengravingsbyJ.D.Cooper.
Chapter7,TaoTeChing.LaoTzu,18thcenturyFrenchPrint;ThirtySpokes,LibraryofCongress;China
Vases,JamesD.McCabe,TheIllustratedHistoryoftheCentennialExhibitionPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania:
NationalPublishingCompany,1876;StreetScene,ChefangChinaU.S.PublicHealthService
[LC-USW33-043083-ZC];LotusFlower,LibraryofCongress;Eddies[theb2710]
Chapter8,TheTenOxherdingPictures.Ox,Gottsho-SchleishnerCollection,LibraryofCongress
[US-USZC2-4153];BothsetsofTenOxherdingPicturesarefromDaisetzTeitaroSuzuki,ManualofZen
Buddhism,1934.
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Table of Contents
“Preface” ...............................................................................................................i
WhyOpenSource?.........................................................................................i
ANoteaboutSelections................................................................................ii
1.BhagavadGitaretoldbyHarryBhalla..........................................................1
IdeasofInterestfromtheBhagavadGita.....................................................2
TheReadingSelectionfromBhagavadGita.................................................4
Arjuna’sDilemma.................................................................................4
TranscendentalKnowledge...................................................................5
PathofService......................................................................................7
PathofRenunciationwithKnowledge.................................................8
PathofRenunciation.............................................................................9
PathofMeditation..............................................................................11
Self-KnowledgeandEnlightenment...................................................11
TheEternalSpirit................................................................................13
SupremeKnowledgeandtheBigMystery.........................................13
ManifestationoftheAbsolute............................................................15
VisionoftheCosmicForm.................................................................15
PathofDevotion.................................................................................17
CreationandtheCreator.....................................................................18
ThreeModesofMaterialNature........................................................19
TheSupremeBeing............................................................................20
DivineandtheDemonicQualities......................................................22
ThreefoldFaith...................................................................................23
SalvationthroughRenunciation..........................................................24
Epilogue—LordKrishna’sLastSermon............................................28
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................................29
2.“PaperonHinduism”bySwamiVivekananda...........................................31
IdeasofInterestfrom“PaperonHinduism”...............................................32
TheReadingSelectionfrom“PaperonHinduism”....................................32
[Introduction]......................................................................................33
[TheVedas].........................................................................................33
[TheConceptofCreation]..................................................................33
[Soul,Karma,andReincarnation]......................................................34
[SoulandNature]................................................................................36
[TheGoalofHinduism]......................................................................37
[TheUnityoftheUniverse]................................................................40
[HinduismandWorldReligions]........................................................40
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................................45
v
3.Buddha’s“TheFourNobleTruths”.............................................................47
IdeasofInterestfrom“TheFourNobleTruths”.........................................48
TheReadingSelectionfrom“TheFourNobleTruths”..............................49
[Introduction]......................................................................................49
FirstTruth:TheNobleTruthofSuffering..........................................50
TheFiveGroupsofExistence....................................................51
DependentOrginationofConsciousness...................................51
TheThreeCharacteristicsofExistence.....................................52
TheThreeWarnings...................................................................54
Samsara,TheWheelofExistence.............................................54
SecondTruth:TheNobleTruthoftheOriginofSuffering................56
TheThreefoldCraving...............................................................56
HeapingupofPresentSuffering................................................57
HeapingUpofFutureSuffering................................................58
InheritanceofDeeds(Karma)...................................................58
ThirdTruth:TheNobleTruthoftheExtinctionofSuffering.............59
DependentExtinctionofAllPhenomena..................................59
Nirvana......................................................................................60
TheArahat,orHolyOne...........................................................60
TheImmutable...........................................................................61
FourthTruth:TheNobleTruthofthePaththatLeadstotheExtinction
ofSuffering—TheTwoExtremesandtheMiddlePath.............61
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................................62
4.“TheNobleEightfoldPath”byBuddha......................................................64
IdeasofInterestfrom“TheNobleEightfoldPath”.....................................65
TheReadingSelectionfrom“TheEightfoldPath”.....................................66
TheEightfoldPath..............................................................................66
TheEightfoldPath—FirstStep—RightUnderstanding.....................67
UnprofitableQuestions..............................................................67
TheSotapan,or“Stream-Enterer”.............................................69
TheTwoUnderstandings...........................................................70
CompleteDeliverance................................................................71
Past,Present,andFuture............................................................73
DependentOrigination...............................................................74
Karma:Rebirth—ProducingandBarren...................................75
SecondStep:RightMindedness.........................................................76
ThirdStep:RightSpeech....................................................................76
FourthStep:RightAction...................................................................77
FifthStep:RightLiving......................................................................79
SixthStep:RightEffort......................................................................79
FiveMethodsofExpellingEvilThoughts.................................80
SeventhStep:RightAttentiveness......................................................81
vi ReadingsinEasternPhilosophy:AnOpen-SourceText
ContemplationoftheBody........................................................82
TheTenBlessings......................................................................84
ContemplationoftheFeelings...................................................85
ContemplationoftheMind........................................................85
ContemplationofPhenomena(Mind-objects)...........................86
NirvanaThroughWatchingOverBreathing..............................88
EighthStep:RightConcentration.......................................................90
TheFourTrances.......................................................................91
DevelopmentoftheEightfoldPath—Confidenceand
Right-Mindedness(2ndStep)............................................92
Morality(3rd,4th,5thStep)......................................................92
ControloftheSenses(6thStep)................................................93
AttentivenessandClearConsciousness(7thStep)....................93
AbsenceoftheFiveHindrances................................................94
TheTrances(8thStep)...............................................................94
Insight(1stStep)........................................................................94
Nirvana......................................................................................94
TheSilentThinker.....................................................................95
TheTrueGoal............................................................................95
TopicsWorthInvestigating..........................................................................97
5.TheDhammapada(abridged)........................................................................99
IdeasofInterestfromTheDhammapada..................................................100
TheReadingSelectionfromTheDhammapada.......................................101
ChapterI:TheTwinVerses..............................................................101
ChapterII:OnEarnestness...............................................................102
ChapterIII:Thought.........................................................................103
ChapterIV:Flowers..........................................................................104
ChapterV:TheFool.........................................................................105
ChapterVI:TheWiseMan(Pandita)...............................................105
ChapterVII:TheVenerable(Arhat).................................................106
ChapterVIII:TheThousands...........................................................107
ChapterIX:Evil................................................................................108
ChapterX:Punishment.....................................................................109
ChapterXI:OldAge.........................................................................109
ChapterXII:Self...............................................................................110
ChapterXIII:TheWorld...................................................................111
ChapterXIV:TheBuddha(TheAwakened).....................................111
ChapterXV:Happiness....................................................................113
ChapterXVI:Pleasure......................................................................114
ChapterXVII:Anger........................................................................115
ChapterXVIII:Impurity...................................................................116
ChapterXIX:TheJust......................................................................117
ReadingsinEasternPhilosophy:AnOpen-SourceText vii
ChapterXX:TheWay......................................................................118
ChapterXXI:Miscellaneous............................................................119
ChapterXXII:TheDownwardCourse.............................................120
ChapterXXIII:TheElephant...........................................................121
ChapterXXIV:Thirst.......................................................................122
ChapterXXV:TheBhikshu(Mendicant).........................................123
ChapterXXVI:TheBrahmana(Arhat)............................................125
TopicsWorthInvestigating........................................................................128
6.“TheDoctrineoftheMean”byConfucius................................................130
IdeasofInterestfrom“TheDoctrineoftheMean”..................................131
TheReadingSelectionfrom“TheDoctrineoftheMean”........................131
[InstructionforthePathofDuty].....................................................132
[TheCourseoftheMean].................................................................132
[ChünTzu—TheSuperiorMan].......................................................135
[Hsiao—FilialPiety]........................................................................136
[Te—PowerbywhichMenareRuled;MoralExample]..................139
[TheFiveRelationships]...................................................................139
[RulesofGovernment].....................................................................140
[RulesforSuccessandSincerity].....................................................142
[Virtue]..............................................................................................145
[InstitutionsandCeremonyoftheRuler].........................................147
[ChünTzuandPerfectVirtue]..........................................................148
TopicsWorthInvestigating........................................................................150
7.SelectionsfromTheTaoTeChingbyLaoTzu..........................................152
IdeasofInterestfromTheTaoTeChing...................................................153
TheReadingSelectionfromTheTaoTeChing.........................................154
PartI.TheTaoTeChing...................................................................154
PartII.TheTaoChing.......................................................................161
TopicsWorthInvestigating........................................................................171
8.“TheTenOxherdingPictures”byDaisetzTeitaroSuzuki.......................172
IdeasofInterestfrom“TheTenOxherdingPictures”...............................173
TheReadingSelectionfrom“TheTenOxherdingPictures”....................173
Preliminary.......................................................................................174
TheTenOxherdingPictures,I.byKaku-an.....................................175
I.SearchingfortheOx.............................................................175
II.SeeingtheTraces.................................................................176
III.SeeingtheOx.....................................................................176
IV.CatchingtheOx..................................................................177
V.HerdingtheOx....................................................................177
VI.ComingHomeontheOx’sBack.......................................178
VII.TheOxForgotten,LeavingtheManAlone.....................178
viii ReadingsinEasternPhilosophy:AnOpen-SourceText
VIII.TheOxandtheManGoneoutofSight..........................179
IX.ReturningtotheOrigin,BacktotheSource......................180
X.EnteringtheCitywithBliss-bestowingHands...................180
TheTenOxherdingPictures,II........................................................181
1.Undisciplined.......................................................................181
2.DisciplineBegun..................................................................182
3.InHarness............................................................................182
4.FacedRound........................................................................183
5.Tamed...................................................................................183
6.Unimpeded...........................................................................184
7.LaissezFaire........................................................................184
8.AllForgotten........................................................................185
9.TheSolitaryMoon...............................................................185
10.BothVanished....................................................................186
TopicsWorthInvestigating........................................................................186
Index..................................................................................................................188
Colophon...........................................................................................................193
ReadingsinEasternPhilosophy:AnOpen-SourceText ix
“Preface”
Why Open Source?
TabulaeRudolphinæ:quibusastronomicæ... byJohannesKepler,1571-1630,NOAA
ManyclassicworksinEasternphilosophyareaccessibleviaonlinesourcesonthe
Internet. Fortunately, many of the influential and abiding works are in the public
domain; these readings provide a convenient way to produce quality learning ex-
periencesforalmostanyoneseekinginformationandhelp.Ourpresentcollection
ofeditedreadingsisfreebutsubjecttothelegalnoticefollowingthetitlepage.
ByplacingtheseselectionsinthepublicdomainundertheGFDL,theeditorsare,
in effect, "open-sourcing" this product, in part, to minimize costs to interested
students of philosophy and, in part, to make the readings widely available in a
form convenient to a variety of readers. Moreover, users themselves can improve
theproductiftheywishtodoso.Viewedinthisway,thereleaseofthesereadings
is,inagenuinesense,asmalltestoftheDelphieffectinopen-sourcepublishing.
This particular edition is not a completed work. It is the first step in the devel-
opment of the open-source text. The development model of Readings in Eastern
Philosophyislooselypatternedonthe“releaseearly,releaseoften”modelchampi-
i