Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion PDF
Preview Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion
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Readers are nevertheless advised that the statements and opinions are provided as guidelines and should not be construed as official National Fire Protection Association policy. The recommendations in this publication or the accompanying resource manual do not indicate an exclusive course of action. Variations taking into account the individual circumstances, and local protocols may be appropriate. The National Fire Protection Association and the publisher disclaim any liability or responsibility for the consequences of any action taken in reliance on these statements or opinions. Production Credits Chief Executive Officer: Ty Field President: James Homer Chief Product Officer: Eduardo Moura Executive Publisher: Kimberly Brophy Vice President of Sales, Public Safety Group: Matthew Maniscalco Director of Sales, Public Safety Group: Patricia Einstein Executive Acquisitions Editor: William Larkin Associate Managing Editor: Janet Morris Production Editor: Cindie Bryan Senior Marketing Manager: Brian Rooney Art Development Editor: Joanna Lundeen VP, Manufacturing and Inventory Control: Therese Connell Composition: diacriTech Cover Design: Kristin E. Parker Photo Research and Permissions Associate: Ashley Dos Santos Cover and Title Page Image: Glen E. Ellman Printing and Binding: Courier Companies Cover Printing: Courier Companies Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gann, Richard G., 1944– Principles of fire behavior and combustion / Richard G. Gann, Raymond Friedman.— Fourth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7637-5717-5 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-7637-5717-9 (pbk.) 1. Fire. 2. Combustion. 3. Flammable materials. 4. Fire prevention. I. Friedman, Raymond. II. Title. TP265.G36 2015 363.37’7—dc23 2013033274 6048 Printed in the United States of America 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 BRIEF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Fire Measurement and the SI System of Units Chapter 2 Chemical Elements and Compounds: Atoms and Molecules Chapter 3 Physical and Chemical Change Chapter 4 Flow of Fluids Chapter 5 Heat Transfer Chapter 6 Combustion, Fire, and Flammability Chapter 7 Fire Characteristics: Gaseous Combustibles Chapter 8 Fire Characteristics: Liquid Combustibles Chapter 9 Fire Characteristics: Solid Combustibles Chapter 10 Combustion Products Chapter 11 Smoke and Heat Hazards Chapter 12 Movement of Fire Gases Chapter 13 Fire Fighting Chemicals Chapter 14 Computational Modeling of Fires Appendix A FESHE Correlation Guide Appendix B Imperial and Metric Conversions Glossary Index TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Fire Measurement and the SI System of Units About Measurement Length, Area, and Volume Units Mass and Density Units Time Units Force and Pressure Units Energy and Enthalpy Units Power Units Temperature Units Conversion Factors Chapter 2 Chemical Elements and Compounds: Atoms and Molecules Atoms Stability of Atoms Atomic Mass and Dimension Molecules and Compounds Chemical Bonds and Valence Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Isomers Ions Free Radicals and Free Atoms Chapter 3 Physical and Chemical Change States of Matter Characterization of Phases Properties of Gases Properties of Liquids Properties of Solids Physical and Chemical Change Physical Changes Chemical Changes Principle of Combining Proportions Energetics of Chemical Change Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics Chapter 4 Flow of Fluids Laws Governing Motions of a Rigid Body Momentum and Acceleration of a Rigid Body The Effect of Gravitation on a Rigid Body Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy: Mechanical Work Basic Elements of Fluid Behavior Force and Pressure Viscosity Buoyancy Chapter 5 Heat Transfer Temperature and Heat Modes of Heat Transfer Conductive Heat Transfer Convective Heat Transfer Radiative Heat Transfer Hazards from Heat Transfer Life Safety Endurance of Structures: Fire Resistance Chapter 6 Combustion, Fire, and Flammability Combustion Flaming and Nonflaming Combustion Fire Initiation Fire Spread Fire Ventilation Fire Termination Two Examples of Room Fires Flammability Fire Consequences, Hazard, Risk, and Flashover Chapter 7 Fire Characteristics: Gaseous Combustibles Categorization of Flames Premixed versus Diffusion Flames Laminar versus Turbulent Flames Ignition of Gases Flammability Limits and Propagation Rates of Premixed Flames Flammability Limits Burning Velocity Explosions, Deflagrations, and Detonations Chemical Mechanisms of Combustion of Gases Elementary Chemistry Hydrogen Oxidation Premixed Methane–Oxygen Flame Chemistry Combustion of Larger Hydrocarbon Fuels Specific Hazardous Gases Hydrogen (H ) 2 Acetylene (C H ) 2 2 Methane (CH ) 4 Ethylene (C H ) 2 4 Ammonia (NH ) 3 Chapter 8 Fire Characteristics: Liquid Combustibles Ignition of Liquids: Flash Point, Fire Point, and Autoignition Temperature Burning Rates of Liquid Pools Flame Spread Rates over Liquid Surfaces Hazards of Liquid Fuel Fires Chapter 9 Fire Characteristics: Solid Combustibles
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