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Principles of Communication Engineering Principles of Communication Engineering M.L. Anand Consultant Engineer First published 2022 by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2022 Manakin Press Pvt. Ltd. CRC Press is an imprint of Informa UK Limited The right of M.L. Anand to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www. copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan). British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested ISBN: 978-1-032-11944-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-22227-9 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003222279 Preface Is there any justification of adding one more book to the already large stock of books on the subject. Perhaps there is. This is the book, in which the subject matter is dealt from elementary to the advance level in a unique manner, which will certainly fascinate the readers. Three outstanding features can be claimed for the book viz. (i) style; the student, while going through the pages would feel as if he is attending a class room. (ii) language: that an average student can follow and (iii) approach: it takes the student from ''known to unknown'' and ''simple to complex.'' The book is reader friendly, thought provoking and stimulating. It helps in clearing cobwebs of the mind. The style is lucid and un-adulterated. Unnecessary mathematics has been avoided. Understandably, it has the language of an average student. What strands out is the stark simplicity, with which the ideas have been portrayed. Errors might have crept in, inspite of utmost care to avoid them. The author will be grateful if the same are pointed out along with suggestions for improvement of the book. The author thanks the Publishers for publishing the book and pricing it moderately inspite of heavy cost of paper and printing. M.L. ANAND A man of true science uses but few hard words- and those only, when None other will answer his purpose- Whereas a smaller in science thinks that- By mouthing hard words, he understands hard things. Brief Contents Preface v 1. Basic Concepts and Signal Analysis 1–32 2. Noise 33–68 3. Amplitude Modulation (AM) 69–82 4. Various AM (SSB) Techniques 83–100 5. AM Transmitters 101–116 6. AM Detectors and Receivers 117–138 7. Frequency Modulation (FM) 139–162 8. FM Generation, Modulators and Transmitters 163–176 9. FM Discriminators and Receivers 177–192 10. Phase Modulation (PM) 193–200 11. More About Transmitters and Receivers 201–236 12. Analog Pulse Modulation 237–256 13. Digital Pulse Modulation 257–278 14. Digital Carrier Modulation 279–308 15. Antennas 309–332 16. Television – Monochrome (T.V.) 333–372 17. Colour Televisions 373–416 18. Cable Television and DTH 417–420 19. Facsimile (FAX) 421–430 20. Radar Systems 431–450 21. Telegraphy 451–472 22. Telephony 473–488 23. Satellite Communication 489–502