Physical Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes

443 Pages·1994·17.64 MB·English

by  T. A. Potemra (auth.), Jan A. Holtet, Alv Egeland (eds.)

Physical Signatures of
Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes
NATO ASI Series
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Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences - Vol. 425
Physical Signatures
of Magnetospheric
Boundary Layer Processes
edited by
Jan A. Holtet
and
Alv Egeland
University of Oslo,
Department of Physics,
Oslo, Norway
Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Physical Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes
Hönefoss, Norway
May 9-14, 1993
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-4457-8 ISBN 978-94-011-1052-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1052-5
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface ix
PART I
CURRENTS, ELECTRIC FIELDS AND PARTICLES
Sources of large-scale Birkeland currents
T A POTEMRA 3
Solar wind control of high latitude days ide current systems
C RCLAUER 29
Thermal ion drifts in the dayside high-latitude ionosphere
R A HEELIS 43
Signatures and sources of electric fields and particles at
dayside high latitudes
N C MAYNARD, W J BURKE, W F DENIG and E M BASINSKA 59
Viking observations of dayside high-latitude electric fields
L GBLOMBERG 73
The projection of the magnetospheric boundary layers to mid-altitudes
J WOCH, R LUNDIN, T A POTEMRA and M SHAPSHAK 83
Classification of large-scale and meso-scale ion dispersion patterns
observed by Viking over the cusp-mantle region
M YAMAUCHI and R LUNDIN 99
Electrodynamic signatures of the plasma sheet boundary layer in
the evening ionosphere
W J BURKE, J S MACHUZAK, N C MAYNARD, E M BASINSKA,
G M ERICKSON, R A HOFFMAN, J A SLAVIN and W B HANSON 111
Progressing days ide polar radio wave absorption events and
convection disturbances
P STAUNING, T J ROSENBERG, C R CLAUER, E FRlIS
CHRISTENSEN and 0 RASMUSSEN 125
vi
PART II
DAYSIDE AURORA
Dayside aurora and magnetopause processes
R W SMITH 141
Space borne optical remote sensing of midday auroral oval and
different participation regions
C-I MENG 157
Cusp/cleft auroral activity in relation to solar wind dynamic
pressure, IMF Bz and By
P E SANDHOLT, C J FARRUGIA, L F BURLAGA, J A HOLTET,
J MOEN, B LYBEKK, B JACOBSEN, D OPSVIK, A EGELAND,
R LEPPING, A J LAZARUS, T HANSEN, A BREKKE and
E FRIIS-CHRISTENSEN 173
Dayside aurora poleward of the main auroral distribution:
Implications for convection and mapping
R D ELPHINSTONE, D J HEARN and J S MURPHREE 189
Dayside auroral dynamics during reconfiguration of the auroral
oval
J I MINOW, R W SMITH, W F DENIG and P T NEWELL 201
Poleward-moving auroral forms: What do we really know about them?
G J FASEL, J I MINOW, L C LEE, R W SMITH and C S DEEHR 211
PART III
SOLAR WIND- MAGNETOSPHERE COUPLING
Ionospheric signatures of pulsed magnetopause reconnection
MLOCKWOOD 229
Magnetosheath fluctuations, ionospheric convection and dayside
ionospheric transients
P T NEWELL and D G SIBECK 245
Concerning the location of magnetopause merging
D G SIBECK and P T NEWELL 263
Transient days ide reconnection and its effects on the ionosphere
M F SMITH 275
Patchy multiple X-line reconnection and poleward-moving
auroral forms
L C LEE and G J FASEL 291
vii
Influence of the IMF sector structure on the latitude of the
daytime cusp region
A S BESPROZVA NNAY A, T I SHCHUKA and 0 A TROSHICHEV 307
Another look at flux transfer events
W J HEIKKILA 317
PART IV
WAVES
MHD theory of magnetic pulsations
ANWRIGHT 329
ULF waves in the cusp and cleft: Signatures of boundary layer
processes
W J HUGHES 349
Optical evidence that modulated electron precipitation near the
magnetospheric boundary drives high latitude Pc 3-4 magnetic
pulsations
M J ENGEBRETSON, J R BECK, D L DETRICK, T J ROSENBERG,
R L RAIRDEN, S B MENDE, R L ARNOLDY and L J CAHILL,jr 361
The ULF modulation of ELF-VLF emissions close to
the magnetospheric boundary
K MORRISON, M J ENGEBRETSON, J R BECK, J E JOHNSON
R L ARNOLDY, L J CAHILL,jr and D L CARPENTER 375
PART V
MODELLING AND MAPPING
A quantitative model of magnetosheath plasma in the low
latitude boundary layer, cusp, and mantle
T GONSAGER 385
Application of the assimilative mapping of ionospheric
electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure to cusp identification
D J KNIPP, B A EMERY and G LU 401
A model of the magnetosheath and days ide magnetopause
and their coupling to the cusp/cleft ionosphere
M I PUDOVKIN 421
New methods and techniques in visualization and mapping
of magnetospheric boundaries
K STA SIEWICZ 433
viii
SUMMARY
Summary of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Physical
Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes
T A POTEMRA, M I PUDOVKIN, R W SMITH, V M VASYLIUNAS
and A EGELAND 451
PREFACE
These proceedings are based on the invited talks and selected research reports presented at
the NATO Advanced Workshop on "PHYSICAL SIGNATURES OF MAGNETOSPHERIC
BOUNDARY LAYER PROCESSES", held at Sundvolden Hotel, Norway, 9.-14.May 1993.
The international political and scientific communities have gradually realized that the Earth's
environment is more fragile than previously believed. This has led to the establishment of
international research programmes directed toward the understanding of "Global Change".
The Earth's magnetosphere, "the Earth-space", is a part of our environment, and physical
processes in the magnetosphere and coupling between the solar energy stream, the solar
wind, and the Earth-space are important in the complete understanding of our environment.
Variations in the electromagnetic and particle energy output of the Sun have a significant
effect on global changes. The energy transfer mechanisms at the days ide magnetospheric
boundary layers and their ionospheric signatures are perhaps even more important to solar
terrestrial research than the night-side processes in this connection. The dayside boundary
layers and the polar cusps are the Earth's windows to outer space.
The present NATO ARW was the latest in a series of conferences focused on dayside
magnetospheric phenomena. It is five years since the preceding Workshop on "Electromag
netic Coupling in the Polar Clefts and Caps" was held at Lillehammer in September 1988.
Many new developments have become available through ground-based, satellite, modelling,
and theoretical studies over these years. This has demonstrated the value of multidisciplinary
studies. The motivation for the present workshop was to continue the principles of these
highly successful workshops, and to carry the understanding of Solar-Terrestrial coupling
processes one step further.
By studying and comparing the proceedings from the two foregoing NATO workshops (The
Polar Cusp, Eds. I.A.Holtet and A.Egeland, and Electromagnetic Coupling in the Polar
Clefts and Caps, Eds. P.E.Sandholt and A.Egeland) with the present one, one will fortunate
ly discover that geophysical research related to magnetospheric boundary layers are
progressing. These proceedings should be valuable textbooks both for graduate students and
researchers. They contain up to date information in the general study of Solar-Terrestrial
processes, but viewed from the perspectives of a variety of disciplines, such as plasma
physics, aeronomy, and ionospheric physics.
We gratefully acknowledge the funds provided by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for
this workshop. Finally, we thank all the participants for their active participation in the
workshop, and all the contributors who made these proceedings possible by providing their
camera ready manuscripts to the editors.
Oslo, December 1993
1 A Holtet A Egeland
ix
PART I
CURRENTS, ELECTRIC FIELDS
AND PARTICLES