Physical Education Multiple-Choice Question Analyses

102 Pages·2016·0.31 MB·English

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5/16
Physical Education (22) Practice Test

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Physical Education (22) Practice Test

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION ANALYSES

1. Which of the following intellectual milestones is most closely associated with the adolescent
stage of human growth and development?

A. becoming interested in abstract ideas and the process of thinking itself

B. operational thinking that allows one to mentally combine, order, and transform objects and
actions

C. learning to take intentions into account in judging the behaviors of others

D. representing reality to oneself through the use of symbols, gestures, and mental images

Correct Response: A. During adolescence, students develop reasoning skills and the ability to think
abstractly and in hypothetical terms. The ability to think in concrete, or operational, terms that enables
children to mentally combine, order, and transform objects and actions (B) typically develops between
seven and twelve years of age. As five and six year olds become more aware of their own emotions
and intentions, they begin to recognize them in others and develop skills that enable them to
understand others' motivations and feelings (C). Between the ages of two and seven, children
generally develop the ability to think about objects that are not physically present and to use symbols to
represent them (D).

A-1
Physical Education (22) Practice Test

2. Which of the following best describes the usual progression of physical growth in infants and
toddlers?

A. Physical growth occurs first in the lower body and proceeds upward to the torso and head.

B. Physical growth occurs in all major regions of the body simultaneously at about the same
rate.

C. Physical growth occurs first in the head and proceeds downward to the trunk and outward
toward the extremities.

D. Physical growth occurs variably in individuals with no typical starting point or progression
of growth.

Correct Response: C. Two general patterns govern the physical growth of infants and toddlers. The
first, the cephalocaudal pattern, consists of development from the upper body downward to the lower
body, i.e., from the head to the trunk to the feet. The second general pattern of growth, the
proximodistal pattern, starts at the center of the body and progresses outward, toward the extremities.
Different regions of the body do not develop at the same rate simultaneously (B). In a young child, the
lower body tends to develop after the upper body (A). Children's physical development follows the
same general patterns (D), with individual variations in timing and rates of growth.

A-2
Physical Education (22) Practice Test

3. Maximum physical strength for both males and females is generally achieved after age 20
because this is typically the time in which:

A. metabolic rate is slowest.

B. cellular metabolism of free radicals is greatest.

C. muscular cross-sectional areas are largest.

D. myelination of the spinal cord is completed.

Correct Response: C. The body's muscle mass steadily increases from birth through adolescence
and typically plateaus between ages 16 and 20 for females and ages 18 and 25 for males. The
muscular strength of both males and females peaks anywhere from 20 to 30 years old. Because
muscle force is proportional to cross-sectional area, an individual's potential for maximum physical
strength occurs after about age 20. Metabolic rate (A) is a measure of energy expenditure by the body.
Free radicals (B) are a byproduct of metabolic functions and can damage body cells, rather than
contribute to the growth and strength of muscle fibers. In the central nervous system, myelin is the
insulating covering that forms around nerve fibers. Myelination (D) occurs rapidly in childhood and
although it aids in skilled motor performance by enabling nerve impulses to move more quickly, it is less
relevant to attaining peak strength than the size of cross-sectional areas in muscles.

A-3
Physical Education (22) Practice Test

4. In general, heredity plays the largest role in influencing which area of personal growth and
development?

A. body type and composition

B. susceptibility to stress-related illnesses

C. degree of strength and flexibility that can be achieved with fitness training

D. quality of relationships with friends, teachers, and classmates

Correct Response: A. To a large degree, an individual's body type and composition are determined
by heredity, or genetics. Although environmental factors such as physical activity, nutrition, and
disease influence the full expression of inherited traits, scientific studies confirm that genetics play a
major role in determining body type and body composition (the proportion of fat, muscle, and bone in an
individual's body). While certain predispositions related to stress and illness (B) and physical strength
and flexibility (C) may be influenced by heredity, environmental conditions more significantly influence
the development of these conditions than body type. In personal development, quality of relationships
(D) are affected by many social and emotional factors, such as the presence of early positive
relationships, secure attachments to caregivers, and nurturing environments.

A-4
Physical Education (22) Practice Test

5. Which of the following is a recommended nutritional practice to promote optimal growth and
development in young children?

A. including foods that contain more fats than protein in daily meals to promote increased
energy stores

B. consuming three moderately large meals and avoiding or limiting snacks and treats to
promote desirable eating patterns

C. including foods that contain more fiber than fat in daily meals to promote healthy digestive
functions

D. consuming several small meals and snacks of mixed carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
each day to promote variety in eating

Correct Response: D. A relative balance of carbohydrates, fat, and protein is especially important in
children's diets to promote optimal growth and development. Carbohydrates supply children's daily
energy needs; proteins help build, maintain, and replace the body's tissues; and fats play an important
role in brain development, vitamin absorption, and energy supply. Eating several small meals and
snacks, which helps stabilize energy levels, and eating meals that contain a variety of foods each day
contributes to children's development of healthful lifelong dietary habits. Eating three meals a day while
limiting snacks and treats (B) can leave long gaps in which high levels of hunger develop, which can
contribute to overeating during meals. Foods high in fat (A) or fiber (C) may be important components
of a child's balanced diet, but would not be the primary focus of nutrition plans for children.

A-5
Physical Education (22) Practice Test
6. In the skeletal system, the function of tendons is to:
A. act as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorous.
B. attach bones to muscles.
C. act as the formation centers for cartilage.
D. attach ligaments to muscle fibers.
Correct Response: B. Tendons are bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to
muscles. Calcium is stored in the bones, and phosphorus is present in all cells, though most is stored
in bones and teeth (A). Cartilage, which cushions bones at joints, is connective tissue that begins to
form during embryonic development and grows slowly through cell division (C). Ligaments are
connective tissue that connects bones to bones (D).
A-6
Physical Education (22) Practice Test
7. Which of the following is an accurate description of the way in which a muscle group generates
force during an exercise such as a standing barbell curl?
A. The maximal force-development capacity is limited to the weakest point in the range of
motion.
B. The generation of force remains constant during the entire motion.
C. The maximal force-development capacity increases as the weight is lifted above waist-
level.
D. The generation of force varies throughout the full range of motion.
Correct Response: D. When lifting a steady amount of weight, the amount of strength an individual
uses varies relative to the position of the weight in the individual's range of motion. During a standing
barbell curl, the lifter's maximal strength production by the elbow flexors occurs while the elbows are
bending, but not fully flexed or straight, which are the weakest points in the range of motion (A). The
generation of strength does not remain constant through the entire motion (B). As the barbell is lifted
above the waist and the elbows approach full flexion, the generation of strength declines rather than
increases (C).
A-7
Physical Education (22) Practice Test
8. The ability to time movements to intercept a moving object, such as when catching a ball, is
most dependent on an individual's ability to integrate motor behaviors with:
A. sensory information about the speed and direction of the object.
B. an understanding of how wind and air resistance affect the object's momentum.
C. visual information about the relative positions of body parts.
D. knowledge about the object's weight and the force with which it was propelled.
Correct Response: A. To intercept a moving object, an individual uses visual, auditory, and other
sensory information about the object's movement, including speed and direction, to direct body
movements toward the object. The relative position of an individual's body parts is determined largely
through proprioception, the perception of movement and spatial orientation arising from stimuli within
the body, rather than through visual information alone (C). The effects of wind and air resistance (B) or
the object's weight and the force with which it is propelled (D) influence the object's trajectory, but visual
and other sensory information is used to instantaneously track and respond to any changes in timing
and direction.
A-8