Perceptions of a Monarchy without a King: Reactions to Oliver Cromwell's Power PDF
Preview Perceptions of a Monarchy without a King: Reactions to Oliver Cromwell's Power
Perceptions of a Monarchy without a King 25124_Woodford.indb 1 12-12-17 1:05 PM 25124_Woodford.indb 2 12-12-17 1:05 PM Perceptions of a Monarchy without a King Reactions to Oliver Cromwell’s Power benjamin woodford McGill-Queen’s University Press Montreal & Kingston • London • Ithaca 25124_Woodford.indb 3 12-12-17 1:05 PM © McGill-Queen’s University Press 2013 ISBN 978-0-7735-4109-2 Legal deposit second quarter 2013 Bibliothèque nationale du Québec Printed in Canada on acid-free paper that is 100% ancient forest free (100% post-consumer recycled), processed chlorine free This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. McGill-Queen’s University Press acknowledges the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the inancial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Woodford, Benjamin, 1984– Perceptions of a monarchy without a king: reactions to Oliver Cromwell’s power / Benjamin Woodford. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7735-4109-2 1. Cromwell, Oliver, 1599-1658. 2. Great Britain – History – Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-1660 – Sources. 3. Great Britain – Politics and government – 1642-1660 – Sources. 4. Press – Great Britain – History – 17th century. 5. Heads of state – Great Britain – Biography. I. Title. DA427.W66 2013 941.06'4092 C2012-906821-7 This book was typeset by Interscript in 10.5/13 Sabon. 25124_Woodford.indb 4 12-12-17 1:05 PM Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 3 1 Oliver Cromwell’s Kingship Speeches and the Arguments of the Kingship Committee 20 2 The Absence of Kingship in Printed Propaganda 41 3 Mercurius Politicus: A Newsbook’s Account of the Kingship Crisis 55 4 Cromwellian Writers: Marchamont Nedham, John Milton, and Michael Hawke 68 5 Cromwellian Poets: Edmund Waller, Andrew Marvell, George Wither, and John Lineall 89 6 Cromwellian Monarchists and Stuart Loyalists: A Split in the Royalist Movement 113 7 Religious Reactions to Cromwellian Power 132 8 James Harrington’s Oceana and Its Relation to the Protectorate 164 Conclusion 180 Notes 187 Bibliography 213 Index 237 25124_Woodford.indb 5 12-12-17 1:05 PM 25124_Woodford.indb 6 12-12-17 1:05 PM Acknowledgments This book is based on my doctoral thesis, which grew out of research I conducted during my years as an undergraduate and master’s stu- dent. Consequently, my academic debts go back many years, and I am deeply thankful to everyone who has supported me. My interest in Oliver Cromwell began during my undergraduate studies at Dalhousie University where, under the tutelage of Professor Krista Kesselring, I produced an honours thesis on Cromwell’s relations with Parliament. As a master’s student, I worked with Professor Jeff Collins at Queen’s University and further developed my understand- ing of Cromwell’s career. To both these scholars, who shaped my knowledge of seventeenth-century England, I owe a great deal. I have had the good fortune of being able to work with Professor Collins again, this time as a post-doctoral researcher. Always eager to debate the issues of the 1650s, he read the entire draft of my manuscript and provided me with valuable feedback. My discussions with him have been essential in my development as a historian. One of my greatest debts is to my PhD supervisor, Professor John Morrill at Cambridge University. Words cannot express my appre- ciation for the advice, guidance, and support he has given me over the years. During the many meetings that we have had in his ofice, he has shared his wealth of knowledge and experience with me, enhancing my understanding of both my research and the practice of history in general. His detailed comments on drafts of both individ- ual chapters and my entire PhD thesis have been invaluable. He also read several chapters of my book manuscript, again providing me with helpful feedback. 25124_Woodford.indb 7 12-12-17 1:05 PM viii Acknowledgments Other academics have also aided in the development of this book. My two thesis examiners, David Smith and Jason Peacey, provided both useful advice and questions that inspired further research and ideas. Their comments have helped to give the book its current shape. Informal conversations with Blair Worden (Royal Holloway, University of London) and Laura Knoppers (Pennsylvania State University) have also been helpful. I have been fortunate to have had the opportunity to present several portions of this book at workshops, where I received much advice and encouragement from fellow students and academics. At the Cambridge Early Modern History Workshop, I twice presented papers and received valu- able feedback from my fellow early modernists, Mel Harrington, Hunter Powell, Joel Halcomb, Miranda Malins, Eoin Devlin, Lucy Underwood, Richard Blakemore, Mark Perry, and Alex Doering de Rio. At a workshop in Nottingham on the speeches of Oliver Cromwell, I was fortunate to be able to present my indings to the editorial board responsible for preparing a new edition of Cromwell’s letters and speeches. All members of the board were supportive and encouraging, and I am grateful to have been given this opportunity. Since I was based in Cambridge for three years, my research did not demand a signiicant amount of travel; however, I did need to use manuscripts at both the British Library in London and the Bodleian Library in Oxford. The staffs at both institutions were very helpful to me in my efforts to ind the manuscripts I needed. At the Cambridge University Library, I was a regular user of the manu- scripts and rare books room, and I am grateful for all the assistance I received from the library staff. Throughout the process of producing this book, I have been aided by the staff at McGill-Queen’s University Press. Don Akenson and Joan Harcourt have both guided me through the process and pro- vided me with much encouragement, for which I am deeply grateful. I would like to thank the Parliamentary History Yearbook Trust for giving me permission to reprint sections of my article “Printing Oliver Cromwell’s Speeches: The Making of a Split Personality,” originally published in Parliamentary History (31, pt. 2 [2012]: 152–68; http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2012.00309.x/ pdf), in this book. Financially, I am grateful for the funding I have received from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. This insti- tution has been very generous in providing the funds necessary for 25124_Woodford.indb 8 12-12-17 1:05 PM Acknowledgments ix my research as both a graduate student and a post-doctoral re searcher. Additionally, this book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences. My family has also supported me inancially throughout all my studies (both undergraduate and graduate). Without their assistance, encour- agement, and support, this book would not have been possible. In the writing of a book, one experiences many moments of doubt and worry. I have been fortunate to have my loving wife, Raquel, by my side during all these moments. She has comforted and encour- aged me when I needed it most, and without her love, support, and understanding, this book would not have not seen the light of day. I am forever in her debt. 25124_Woodford.indb 9 12-12-17 1:05 PM
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