Neurotrophic Factors: Methods and Protocols PDF
Preview Neurotrophic Factors: Methods and Protocols
M M B ™ ETHODS IN OLECULAR IOLOGY Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651 Neurotrophic Factors Methods and Protocols Edited by Stephen D. Skaper Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy Editor Stephen D. Skaper, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology University of Padova Padova, Italy [email protected] ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-535-0 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-536-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012930832 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or d issimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Neuroscience has been described by Nobel laureate and neurobiologist Eric Kandel as the “last frontier” of science. Nervous system development evolves from the well-orchestrated processes of neural induction, cell proliferation, differentiation, cell migration, survival, and synapse formation. Among these environmental cues, neurotrophic factors are secreted proteins that promote neurite outgrowth, neuronal cell differentiation and survival both in vivo and in vitro. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the founding and best-characterized member of the neurotrophin family of neurotrophic polypeptides and was discovered more than half a century ago. Since their initial discovery, neurotrophic factors have raised expec- tations that their clinical application to neurodegenerative diseases might provide an effec- tive therapy for what are now untreatable conditions. Exploring nervous system function and dysfunction is oftentimes impractical in humans, and the availability of ex vivo and in vivo models which mimic, as closely as possible, how neural cells act and interact among themselves is of critical importance in neurobiological research. This volume of Methods in Molecular Biology aims to provide the reader, special- ist and novice alike, with a selection of protocols and procedures which make use of cellular, tissue, and whole animal models which can be applied to the investigation of neurotrophic factors and other agents impacting on these systems. The book begins with a number of chapters dealing with the culture of neurons and glia from the central and peripheral ner- vous systems, neuron–glia coculture models, and cell-based assays for the evaluation of neuroprotective molecules, as well as assays which can be applied to the study of agents with neuroregenerative potential. Protocols describing viral- and nanoparticle-based deliv- ery methods to neural cells are also presented, followed by chapters dealing with organo- typic slice culture protocols. Lastly, several chapters are dedicated to in vivo lesion models of relevance to nervous system pathology, which can be applied to the investigation of neu- rotrophic factors and peptides. I would like to gratefully acknowledge the contributors for their excellent cooperation and patience during the course of this project. While extensive, this volume is by no means intended to be all-inclusive, given the fi eld’s vastness and publication space limitations. Even so, I sincerely hope that this book will be useful to a broad spectrum of readers as they explore nervous system physiology and pathology. Padova, Italy Stephen D. Skaper v Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1 The Neurotrophin Family of Neurotrophic Factors: An Overview. . . . . . . . . . 1 Stephen D. Skaper 2 Neuronal Growth-Promoting and Inhibitory Cues in Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Stephen D. Skaper 3 Culture of Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons and Application to Identify Neuroprotective Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Laura Facci and Stephen D. Skaper 4 Isolation and Culture of Neural Progenitor Cells from Rat Postnatal Cerebellum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Morena Zusso and Patrizia Debetto 5 Culture of Rodent Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Laura Facci and Stephen D. Skaper 6 Amyloid b-Peptide Neurotoxicity Assay Using Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Laura Facci and Stephen D. Skaper 7 Culture of Neonatal Rodent Microglia, Astrocytes, and Oligodendrocytes from Cortex and Spinal Cord. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Stephen D. Skaper, Carla Argentini, and Massimo Barbierato 8 Central Nervous System Neuron-Glia Co-culture Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Stephen D. Skaper and Laura Facci 9 Culture and Characterization of Rat Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Stephen D. Skaper, Giulia Mercanti, and Laura Facci 10 Preparation of Adult Spinal Cord Motor Neuron Cultures Under Serum-Free Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Jose V. Montoya-Gacharna, Jhon Jairo Sutachan, Wai Si Chan, Alexandra Sideris, Thomas J.J. Blanck, and Esperanza Recio-Pinto 11 Rodent Retinal Ganglion Cell Cultures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Stephen D. Skaper 12 Culture of Purified Glial Cell Populations from Optic Nerve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Stephen D. Skaper 13 Isolation and Culture of Rat Cone Photoreceptor Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Stephen D. Skaper vii viii Contents 14 Culture of Rat Retina Pigmented Epithelial Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Stephen D. Skaper 15 Mammalian Growth Cone Turning Assays Identify Distinct Cell Signalling Mechanisms That Underlie Axon Growth, Guidance and Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Andrew J. Murray, Andrew G. Peace, Steven J. Tucker, and Derryck A. Shewan 16 Culture of Dissociated Sensory Neurons from Dorsal Root Ganglia of Postnatal and Adult Rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Davina E. Owen and Julie Egerton 17 Culture and Proliferation of Highly Purified Adult Schwann Cells from Rat, Dog, and Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Kirsten Haastert-Talini 18 Use of PC12 Cells and Rat Superior Cervical Ganglion Sympathetic Neurons as Models for Neuroprotective Assays Relevant to Parkinson’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Cristina Malagelada Grau and Lloyd A. Greene 19 Compartmented Chambers for Studying Neurotrophic Factor Action. . . . . . . 213 Stephen D. Skaper 20 Preparation and Culture of Adrenal Chromaffin Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Natalia Domínguez, Miriam Rodríguez, J. David Machado, and Ricardo Borges 21 Indirect Immunofluorescence Staining of Cultured Neural Cells. . . . . . . . . . . 235 Massimo Barbierato, Carla Argentini, and Stephen D. Skaper 22 Neurite Outgrowth Assessment Using High Content Analysis Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Nicholas M. Radio 23 Dissociated Cell Culture for Testing Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on Neuronal Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 William Lee and Vladimir Parpura 24 High-Resolution Imaging and Evaluation of Spines in Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Frederik Sündermann, Nataliya Golovyashkina, Christian Tackenberg, Roland Brandt, and Lidia Bakota 25 Imaging Amyloid Precursor Protein In Vivo: An Axonal Transport Assay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Tomás L. Falzone and Gorazd B. Stokin 26 The Use of Specific AAV Serotypes to Stably Transduce Primary CNS Neuron Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Saafan Z. Malik, Margaret A. Maronski, Marc A. Dichter, and Deborah J. Watson 27 Preparation and Characterization of Biocompatible Chitosan Nanoparticles for Targeted Brain Delivery of Peptides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Secil Caban, Yılmaz Capan, Patrick Couvreur, and Turgay Dalkara Contents ix 28 [3H]Serotonin Release Assay Using Antigen-Stimulated Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Stephen D. Skaper and Laura Facci 29 Rat Hippocampal Slice Culture Models for the Evaluation of Neuroprotective Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Elisabetta Gerace, Elisa Landucci, Tania Scartabelli, Flavio Moroni, and Domenico E. Pellegrini-Giampietro 30 A 6-Hydroxydopamine In Vivo Model of Parkinson’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Giulia Mercanti, Gianfranco Bazzu, and Pietro Giusti 31 Brain Microdialysis in Freely Moving Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Gianfranco Bazzu, Alice Biosa, Donatella Farina, Ylenia Spissu, Giammario Calia, Sonia Dedola, Gaia Rocchitta, Rossana Migheli, Pier Andrea Serra, and Maria Speranza Desole 32 Evaluating Motor Neuron Death in Neonatal Rats Subjected to Sciatic Nerve Lesion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Andre Schwambach Vieira, Alexandre Cesar Santos de Rezende, and Fabio Rogerio 33 Rodent Spinal Cord Injury Model and Application of Neurotrophic Factors for Neuroprotection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Hari Shanker Sharma and Aruna Sharma Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
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