Negotiating Environment and Science i negotiating environment and science ii About the Author Negotiating Environment and Science iii negotiating environment science and An Insider’s View of International Agreements, from Driftnets to the Space Station Richard J. Smith ResouRces foR the futuRe Washington, DC, USA iv About the Author Copyright © 2009 by Resources for the Future. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, without written permission. Requests to photocopy items for classroom or other educational use should be sent to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA (fax +1 978 646 8600; www.copyright.com). All other permissions requests should be sent directly to the publisher at the address below. An RFF Press book Published by Resources for the Future 1616 P Street NW Washington, DC 20036–1400 USA www.rffpress.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Smith, Richard J., 1932-Negotiating environment and science: an insider’s view of international agreements, from driftnets to the space station / Richard J. Smith. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-933115-70-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Environmental law, International. I. Title. K3585.S62 2009 344.04’6--dc22 2008053674 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Copyediting: Sally Atwater and Kristin Hunter; text design: Naylor Design, Inc.; text composition and jacket design: Ellen A. Davey; and marketing: Andrea Titus. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions offered in this publication are those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of State and do not represent the views of Resources for the Future, its directors, or its officers. The geographical boundaries and titles depicted in this publication, whether in maps, other illustrations, or text, do not imply any judgment or opinion about the legal status of a territory on the part of Resources for the Future. 978-1-933115-70-2 (cloth) Resources for the Future Press is a member of Green Press Initiative, which means that RFF Press meets GPI’s environmental criteria and supports their efforts to reduce the social and environmen- tal impacts of book publishing. For more informa- tion, please visit: www.greenpressinitiative.org Negotiating Environment and Science v About Resources for the Future and RFF Press Resources for the Future (RFF) improves environmental and natu- ral resource policymaking worldwide through independent social sci- ence research of the highest caliber. Founded in 1952, RFF pioneered the application of economics as a tool for developing more effective policy about the use and conservation of natural resources. Its scholars con- tinue to employ social science methods to analyze critical issues con- cerning pollution control, energy policy, land and water use, hazardous waste, climate change, biodiversity, and the environmental challenges of developing countries. RFF Press supports the mission of RFF by publishing book-length works that present a broad range of approaches to the study of natural resources and the environment. Its authors and editors include RFF staff, research- ers from the larger academic and policy communities, and journalists. Audiences for publications by RFF Press include all of the participants in the policymaking process—scholars, the media, advocacy groups, NGOs, professionals in business and government, and the public. Resources for the Future Directors Vicky A. Bailey Daniel C. Esty Frank E. Loy Trudy Ann Cameron Linda J. Fisher Michael A. Mantell Preston Chiaro Dod A. Fraser Peter J. Robertson W. Bowman Cutter Kathryn S. Fuller Richard Schmalensee John M. Deutch David G. Hawkins Robert N. Stavins E. Linn Draper, Jr. Deborah Hechinger Joseph Stiglitz Mohamed T. El-Ashry Peter R. Kagan Mark R. Tercek Charles F. Kalmbach Officers Lawrence H. Linden, Chair Steven W. Percy, Vice Chair Philip R. Sharp, President Edward F. Hand, Vice President–Finance and Administration Laurel L. Harvey, Vice President–Development and Corporate Secretary Mark A. Cohen, Vice President–Research Editorial Advisers for RFF Press Walter A. Rosenbaum, University of Florida Jeffrey K. Stine, Smithsonian Institution vi About the Author Negotiating Environment and Science vii To Ann viii About the Author Negotiating Environment and Science ix contents About the Author xi Foreword, by Richard E. Benedick xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi 1 Earth’s Ozone Shield 1 2 The Driftnet Dilemma 19 3 Acid Rains on Canadian-U.S. Relations 44 4 Caribou in the Oil Patch 62 5 The U.S.-USSR Science Agreement 76 6 Space Station Partnership 92 7 Human Rights and the Environment 113 8 Fishing in the Donut Hole 130 9 On Finding Common Ground 145 Notes 159 Index 165