Movable Bridge Engineering

691 Pages·2003·16.183 MB·English

by  Terry L. Koglin(auth.)

MOVABLE BRIDGE
ENGINEERING
Movable Bridge Engineering. Terry L. Koglin
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MOVABLE BRIDGE
ENGINEERING
Terry L. Koglin
John Wiley & Sons,Inc.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.(cid:1)∞
Copyright ©2003 by JohnWiley &Sons, Inc. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Koglin, Terry L.
Movable bridge engineering / Terry L. Koglin.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-471-41960-5
1. Bridges, Movable. I. Title.
TG420 .K64 2003
624(cid:1).8—dc21
2002155407
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
I SELECTION 1
1 To Bridge or Not to Bridge 3
2 Movable Bridges versus Fixed Bridges 10
3 Types of Movable Bridges 20
4 Bascule Bridges 33
5 Vertical Lift Bridges 55
6 Swing Bridges 81
7 Application of Types 100
8 Bridge Replacement 116
II DESIGN 123
9 Preliminary Aspects 125
10 Structural Issues 133
11 Detailing—Bascule Bridges 144
12 Detailing—Vertical Lift Bridges 170
13 Detailing—Swing Bridges 191
14 Machinery—Bascule Bridges 209
15 Machinery—Vertical Lift Bridges 219
v
vi CONTENTS
16 Machinery—Swing Bridges 227
17 Machinery—General 235
18 Controls and Power 267
19 Rehabilitation 299
20 Operating and Maintenance Manuals and Bid Documents 305
III CONSTRUCTION 311
21 Construction Management 313
22 Structure 317
23 Fabrication and Installation of Machinery and Electrical
Components 325
24 Balancing 335
25 Replacement and Repair of Existing Bridges 338
IV MAINTENANCE 341
26 Substructure and Superstructure 347
27 Machinery,Control,and Power Systems 351
28 Maintenance Particulars 357
V INSPECTION 363
29 Inspection Basics 365
30 Structure 373
31 Machinery—Bascule Bridges 380
32 Machinery—Vertical Lift Bridges 394
33 Machinery—Swing Bridges 409
34 Machinery—General 421
35 Electrical 452
36 Inspection Reporting 460
CONTENTS vii
VI EVALUATION OF EXISTING BRIDGES 465
37 Bridge Management 467
38 Structure 472
39 Machinery 477
40 Electrical Systems,Traffic Control Systems,
and Operators’Houses 487
41 Failure and Bridge Functionality Analysis 490
REFERENCES 493
BIBLIOGRAPHY 495
GLOSSARY 511
APPENDIX I UNITED STATES PATENTS
ON MOVABLE BRIDGES 515
APPENDIX II NORTH AMERICAN MOVABLE BRIDGES 531
INDEX 679
PREFACE
This book is intended to be a description of movable bridges of the United States and
a comprehensive source of engineering information for bridges of this type. It dis-
cusses selection, design, construction, maintenance, inspection, and evaluation of
movable bridges. Movable bridges are basically very large machines, so that although
this area does not dominate the book, there is a heavy emphasis on mechanical ma-
chinery. Structural and electrical issues are discussed, but because a great deal of in-
formation in those areas also pertains to many subjects other than movable bridges,
their presentation here is limited. Space limitations prevent the more complete ex-
amination of several topics in movable bridge engineering that would be of interest
to many readers. Other topics that some would have liked to see discussed have been
left out altogether. No attempt has been made to present a “cookbook” method of solv-
ingproblems, not so much due to space limitations as to the belief by the author that
each movable bridge is unique and should be designed, constructed, maintained, in-
spected, and evaluated on that basis. Anyone with a specific movable bridge problem
is invited to ask the author for specific assistance. Contact can be made via the Wiley
web site (www.wiley.com/go/movablebridge). Any other comments, particularly up-
dates of movable bridge information such as the listing of movable bridges which can
also be found at the Wiley web site, are welcome.
Movable bridges located outside the United States are discussed only where their
unique attributes require them to be mentioned, in instances in which the type of
bridge or its use is rare or unknown in the United States, or to provide historical in-
formation on bridge construction predating usage in the United States. Details de-
scribed are generally limited to those that are unique to bridges that are designed to
be moved. The various chapters discuss machinery, applications, special structural
considerations such as reversing loads, traffic, maintenance of movable bridges, and
other aspects that do not pertain to fixed bridges. Structural issues that apply equally
to fixed and movable bridges are not included in this book. Certain structural consid-
erations, such as the actions of the various types of movable bridge spans under dead
load, live load, and wind and other environmental loadings, are discussed so that
structural analysis can be undertaken by whichever method is convenient to the en-
gineer performing the work.
Architectural considerations have become more important in recent years, for rail-
road as well as highway bridges. The appearance of a bridge, whether movable or
ix
x PREFACE
fixed, has an effect on the community surrounding it, and many communities have
made the claim that they are entitled not to have an eyesore in their midsts. Architec-
tural considerations are only briefly discussed here, beyond the very general notation
as to which types of movable bridge may be functionally suitable in a particular sit-
uation and have the more pleasing forms.
A number of communities have decided that they wish to preserve their historic
treasures, and sometimes preservation of an old bridge means maintaining restricted
access to an area, for better or worse. Many communities have also decided that they
want to cut the cost of government, which often means that funds for maintenance or
replacement of aging structures are hard to find. Beyond suggesting ways to accom-
plish various tasks such as maintenance and inspection, this book does not address
any of these issues.
Movable Bridge Engineeringis organized into functional parts from an engineer-
ing standpoint, with conceptual, design, construction, maintenance, inspection, and
evaluation work grouped separately. Within these sections, different parts or types of
movable bridges are described in separate chapters. No attempt is made to provide for
equal length of parts or chapters.
Citations of other works within the text may lead the reader to further information
or greater detail on the subject under discussion. Footnotes indicate the sources of in-
formation presented, where additional related material may be available. Photographs
are by the author, unless otherwise credited. Original drawings are by Ethan Fuster.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The following people have contributed to this work by patient review and making
valuable suggestions for its improvement. On bridge structural issues, Ulrich Gygax,
Arthur Fishfeld, and Maria Grazia Bruschi offered much invaluable assistance. They
also helped with grammar and punctuation. Dennis Marchetti offered guidance in
the discussion of electrical systems. George Perkons provided his many years of ex-
perience with mechanical issues. John E. Nixon not only carefully reviewed the text
for typographical and grammatical errors, but also added his invaluable comments on
the issues dealing with wire ropes, hydraulics, and many other subjects of which he
is a master. Brad Hollingsworth also took time from his busy schedule to review the
sections of the manuscript dealing with machinery and offered many valuable sug-
gestions. These people pointed out many errors, and it is hoped that all have been
corrected. Many other persons also helped with suggestions and bits of information,
including personnel of Union Pacific and Canadian Pacific, especially Donald J.
Lewis of Canadian National/Illinois Central. Particularly, Christopher Hahin, MetE,
PE, Engineer of Investigations, of Illinois Department of Transportation provided in-
formation on several movable bridge projects. The responsibility for the finished
product rests solely with me.
To all who have provided assistance in any form, my gracious thanks.
xi
I
SELECTION
Movable Bridge Engineering. Terry L. Koglin 1
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.