Also available A MANUAL OF MODERN GREEK, I For University Students Elementary to Intermediate A MANUAL OF MODERN GREEK, II For Native Speakers Elementary to Intermediate MODERN GREEK READER, II Introduction to Literature Intermediate to Advanced ADVANCED MODERN GREEK MODERN GREEK READER, — LANGUAGE AND CIVILIZATION INTERMEDIATE Yale University Press New Haven and London PA 1059 F314 1983 To G. J. F. SCOTT First published 1973 in Canada. The preparation and publication of this edition was First published 1983 in the United States of America by made possible in part by a grant to the author from the Yale University Press. Greek Ministry of Culture and Sciences. Preparation was done with the assistance of Maria Tolis, Faculty Copyright © 1973, 1983 by Anne Farmakides Lecturer for Modern Greek at McGill University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Catalog card number: 82-48913 This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in International Standard Book Number: 0-300-03021-5 any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by review ers forthe public press), without written permission from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 V Preface MODERN GREEK READER I - post-elementary to intermediate - is de signed for use, equally, of native and of non-native speakers of the language who have already received basic instruction in Modern Greek at the introductory level. It is intended (a) to help these students to enlarge their post-elementary vocabulary and to bring it to the level at which they will be able to express ideas entirely in Greek, both orally and in writing, (b) to acquaint them with certain facets of the Greek cultural tradition and with certain aspects of the his tory of Greek civilization. It is this twofold pursuit which has dictated the selection of the excerpts in prose and of the poems which were to remain, and of those which were to be added to this, the third edition of READER I. The presentation of the material has remained the same: each chap ter in prose is annotated and the English translation of words and ex pressions appears on the right-hand side of the text. Alsmost all of these texts are accompanied by a classified list of the terms of a 'New Vocabulary', and the 'Questions' to the various chapters are pro vided with an English translation. This practice has proved particu larly useful at this level of study at which the linguistic competence of the students is extremely varied. The READER, being at the post-elementary to intermediate levels, necessarily carries students into new grammatical problems. In this connection, nineteen of the thirty nine chapters of prose-writings have 'Grammatical Remarks' which appear on the left-hand page, facing the corresponding text, on the right. In these, the emphasis is (a) on variations of spelling and on alternate forms of words which are com mented upon as they appear in the texts, (b) on derivatives, on their morphology and on their primary and secondary or altered meanings. This treatment of the material is already present in A MANUAL OF MODERN GREEK I, and it is intensified and elaborated on, in great detail, in ADVANCED MODERN GREEK (see back page). It allows students to wit ness the phenomena of change and loss in the Greek language - changes in semantic systems, in morphology and syntax: of change and loss in vocabulary: and the reverse phenomena of maintenance of a core vocabu lary and of resistance to change. Furthermore, it allows students to witness the all important fact that Greek is a multidimensional lan guage. The sooner they become aware of this, the better they will be able to cope with its complexity and its variations. The section of Poetry has no annotations and no 'Grammatical Remarks. It has, however, its own Greek-English Glossary. This should prove to be very useful to classes which approach this section both as a means of retention of words and/or acquisition of fluency through memoriza- VI tion and as a foretaste of literature or a stepping stone from the study of the basic cultural content of the language to that of the li terature which it has expressed. The section of prose has its own Glossaries, one Greek-English and one English-Greek. Upon completion of the post-elementary level of READER I, students should feel reasonably confident in the use of the language and in their understanding of its basic cultural content, and ready to proceed to the next step, that of using the language at a higher level, as the READER provides them with information on Greek civilization. Upon com pletion of this stage, students should feel sufficiently informed on specific aspects of that civilization, through the authentic views which the sample selections contain, to be able to embark upon the next stage, that of the study of modern Greek literature. Montreal, May 1983 VII TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 1 . GRAMMATICAL REMARKS - ABBREVIATIONS VIII INDEX 2. WORDS & ENDINGS COMMENTED UPON IX 1. PROSE Q 1 ΓΛΩΣΣΑ & ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ ............... . ’Ε .Γεαννόδης 1 7 2 Η ΝΕΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΓΛΩΣΣΑ .............. . Γ.Κακρμδης 9 7 3 ΣΩΣΤΗ ΣΥΝΕΙΔΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ ........ . Εύ.Παπανοϋτσος 12 8 4 ΤΟ ΥΦΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ ................ ."Α.Τερζάκης 16 19 5 ΚΑΛΗ Η ΚΡΗΤΗ ....................... . Ν.Καζαντζάκης 21 26 6 Η ΠΕΡΙΗΓΗΣΗ ........................ . Εύ.Παπανοϋτσος 27 32 7 ΠΡΙΝ ΦΥΓΩ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΠΑΡΙΣΙ ............ . Ν.Καζαντζάκης 34 40 8 ΤΑ ΕΓΓΛΕΖΙΚΑ .................... it 37 40 9 ΟΤΑΝ ΒΡΕΧΕΙ ΣΤΟ ΛΟΝΔΙΝΟ ............ . Δ.Ψαθας 38 40 10 ΜΟΡΦΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΥΠΟΙ ΕΥΓΕΝΕΙΑΣ ......... If 41 47 11 Η ΤΕΧΝΗ ΤΟΥ ΤΡΩΓΕΙΝ ΑΓΓΛΙΣΤΙ ....... ft 49 54 12 Η ΥΠ’ΑΡΙΘΜΟΝ ΕΝΑ ΑΡΕΤΗ ............. ft 57 55 13 ΜΕΡΙΚΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΜΕΡΙΚΗ (I - III) --- .’Ασμοδαϋος 62 65 10 ΝΕΑ ΥΟΡΚΗ .......................... . Μ.’Αργυράκης 66 71 17 ΘΥΜΑΜΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΑΜΕΡΙΚΗ ................ .’Α.Καραντώνης 68 71 18 ΤΡΙΑ ΔΩΜΑΤΙΑ & ΚΟΥΖΙΝΑ ............. .’Α.Σακελλάρυος 72 77 19 0 ΠΛΗΘΥΣΜΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΝΑΔΑ ............. • ’’Α.Φαρμακυδου 78 82 ?η Α.Ο ΠΛΗΘΥΣΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑΣ .......... Π----- 84 89 ^ Β.ΤΟ ΑΙΩΝΙΟ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑΣ --- . Ν.Καζαντζάκης 86 21 0 ΝΕΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΣ .................. .’Α.Βακαλόπουλος 90 91 22 0 ΑΜΕΡΙΚΑΝΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΣ .......... . Εύ.Παπανοϋτσος 93 100 23 ΔΥΟ ΛΟΓΙΑ ΑΠΟ ΚΑΝΑΔΟ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΑ Dr.Gr.Ross /’Ά.Φαρμακυδου 101 107 24 ΕΝΑΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΟ-ΚΑΝΑΔΟΣ ΛΟΓΟΤΕΧΝΗΣ ..... . Γ.Δανμηλ 108 110 ?ι- ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΜΥΘΟΛΟΓΙΑ.......... .”Α.Φαρμακεδου “ Α.ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ Β.ΚΟΣΜΟΓΟΝΙΑ C.ΘΕΟΓΟΝΙΑ . Μ 112 116 26 Α.ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙ Β .ΠΑΝΔΩΡΑ C.ΚΑΤΑΚΛΥΣΜΟΣ . ft 118 123 Η ΑΡΓΟΝΑΥΤΙΚΗ ΕΚΣΤΡΑΤΕΙΑ (I) ....... tl d Α.ΠΡΟΣΩΠΑ Β.ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ C.ΦΡΙΞΟΣ/ΕΛΛΗ . ft 124 130 ?ο Η ΑΡΓΟΝΑΥΤΙΚΗ ΕΚΣΤΡΑΤΕΙΑ (II) ...... ft ^ Α.Ο ΙΑΣΩΝ Β.ΤΟ ΧΡΥΣΟΜΑΛΛΟ ΔΕΡΑΣ C.0 ΓΥΡΙΣΜΟΣ " 131 140 29 ΜΗΤΡΙΑΡΧΙΑ ......................... • Εύ.Παπανοϋτσος 141 143 30 ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΗΜΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ............. • Ν.Καζαντζάκης 146 151 31 0 ΕΠΙΤΑΦΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΚΛΕΟΥΣ θουκυδύδου ---- • ”Α.Βλάχος 152 155 32 ΤΟ ΙΔΑΝΙΚΟ ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΑ .............. • Ν.Καζαντζάκης 156 155 33 0 ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ & ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ ....... • Γ.Θεοτοκας 157 162 34 ΤΟ ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΟ & ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ ........... ft 163 170 35 ΕΝΑΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΑΣ - 0 ΜΑΚΡΥΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ ...... • Γ.Σεφε'ρης 171 176 Α.ΟΤΑΝ ΕΙΜΑΣΤΕ ΠΑΙΔΙΑ ................... • Γ.Θεοτοκας ιγ8 181 Β.ΤΟ ΑΠΩΤΕΡΟ ΜΕΛΛΟΝ ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ ·· tf 178 181 37 ΕΣΩΤΕΡΙΚΗ ΖΩΗ .............................. Μ. Παναγυωτο'πουλος 183 190 38 ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ ............... • Μ.θεοδωράκης 188 191 39 Η ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΓΛΩΣΣΑ - ΑΡΧΑΙΑ & ΝΕΑ ···'. • G.Thomson 193 198 2. POETRY LIST OF MAJORS POETS 6 PROSE WRITERS 201 1 ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ & ΑΡΕΤΗ ............... . ΔΗΜΟΤΙΚΟ 202 2 TO ΓΙΟΦΥΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΡΤΑΣ .................... Π 204 3-4 ΥΜΝΟΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ. ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΟΦΗ ΤΩΝ ΨΑΡΩΝ Δ.Σολωμο'ς 205 vm ----------------------------------------------------- _---------PAGES 5 Ο ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ TOY ΒΟΣΚΟΥ ........................ Δ.Σολωμός 206 6 Α.ΑΣΑΛΕΥΤΗ ΖΩΗ. Β. ΤΑ ΔΥΟ ΤΡΑΝΑ ΤΑΞΙΔΙΑ ΜΟΥ ... Κ.Παλαμας 207 Ο.Ω ΡΩΜΙΟΣΥΝΗ. 7 Ο ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑΚΟΣ' ΥΜΝΟΣ ......... " 208 8 Ο ΤΑΦΟΣ ....................................... " 209 9 ΤΟ ΤΑΞΙΔΙ. 10 LACRIMAE RERUM .......... Λ.Πορφύρας 210 11 ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ ΣΤΟ ΘΕΟ ΓΙΑ ΟΛΟΥΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΔΥΣΤΥΧΙΣΜΕΝΟΥΣ Κ.Οΰράνης 211 12 Ο ΣΤΡΑΤΗΣ Ο ΘΑΛΑΣΣΙΝΟΣ .....,................ Γ.Σεφέρης 212 13 ΜΥΘΙΣΤΟΡΗΜΑ Ιθ '. 14 ΕΥΡΙΠΙΔΗΣ Ο ΑΘΗΝΑΙΟΣ ....... " 213 15 ΠΑΝΩ Σ ’ΕΝΑΝ ΞΕΝΟ ΣΤΙΧΟ ........................ " 214 16 ΕΠΙΤΑΦΙΟΣ .................................. Γ.Ρίτσος 215 17 ΑΓΕ Ω ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥ ΛΑΚΕΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΩΝ .................. Κ.Καβα'φης 217 18 Η ΠΟΛΙΣ. 19 ΜΟΝΟΤΟΝΙΑ .................. " 218 20 ΑΠΙΣΤΙΑ. 21 Η ΣΑΤΡΑΠΕΙΑ ................ " 219-220 22 ΧΩΜΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ .............................. Γ.Αρόσιμης 221 GLOSSARIES FOR READINGS IN PROSE: GREEK-ENGLISH ......................... 224 ENGLISH-GREEK ......................... 250 FOR POETRY: GREEK-ENGLISH ......................... 272 INDEX 1._______________GRAMMATICAL REMARKS PARAS. PAGES CHAPT. PARAS. PAGES CHAPT. PARAS. PAGES CHAPT. 1 -11 1 -5 1 43-44 41 TO 71-77 141 29 12-19 9-11 2 45-50 49 -53 11 78-87 145-147 30 20-24 13 3 51-56 57 -59 12 88-93 163 34 25-31 15 - 17 4 57-58 83 20 94-95 171 35 32-37 21 - 23 5 59-64 93 -95 22 96 177 36 38-42 27 - 29 6 65-70 101-103 23 97-99 183-185 37 ABBREVIATIONS Acc. accusative κλι. και λοιπά part. participle act. active m.,M. masculine pass. passive adj. adjective masc. " perf. perfect c · j C · continuous Manual A Manual of MG I pi. plural f.,F. feminine MG Modern Greek pres. present fem. II n. ,N. neuter s.,S. simple Fut. future neut. " sing. singular G. genitive N. nominative sub j . subjunctive II gen. nom. " V.,’ verb n.a. και αλλα para(s)paraqraph(s) M A P S T A B L E S Pages Pages CRETE 26 THE ARGONAUTICAL EXPEDITION 137 COSMOGONY 114 CANADA 79 THE ANCIENT GREEK WORLD 144 ARGONAUTS 124 GREECE 85 MEDIEVAL GREEK WORLD 15 7 MAJOR GREEK 201 U.S.A. 94 THE GREEK DIASPORA 92 WRITERS IX INDEX 2 WORDS AND ENDINGS COMMENTED UPON IN GRAMMATICAL REMARKS I. WORDS II. EL III. OTHER I WORDS Paras. Pages WORDS Paras. Pages 48 έπυμονη 67 101 1 αγανακτώ 47 51 49 εύρέσκω 65 101 2 άγγλεστε 50 53 50 έφευρυσκω 8 5 3 (άγω) 94 171 51 θάλασσα 54 51 4 παράγω 94 171 52 θετεκός 99 185 5 ’Αθήνα 4 1 53 θέτω 88 163 6 άθλος 87 147 54 θύελλα 54 59 7 αέσθάνομαε 62 93-95 55 υσταμαυ 97 183 8 αίσθημα 59 93-95 56 καλύτερος 75 141 9 αίσθηση 58 93-95 57 καταργώ 72 141 10 άκουμπώ 47(a) 51 58 κεκτημένο ς 44 41 11 αλήθευα 37 23 59 κοετεδα 82 147 12 αντοχή 56 59 60 κουτώ 47 (Μ) 51 13 ανώτερος 92 163 61 κρατώ 66 101 14 απληστία 36 21 62 κτώμαυ 44(a) 41 15 άποπευρώμαυ 41 27 63 κυβερνώμαε 40 27 16 άποτεένομαο 46 49 64 μαθαενομαε 69 103 17 τεένω 98 185 65 μεγαλείο 41 27 18 άποφαένομαυ 46 49 66 μεγαλύτερος 75 141 19 άποψη 31 17 67 μεταξύ(έν τψ) 17 9 20 άργώ 72 141 68 μυκραένω 32 21 21 άρχαεα(τά) 16 9 69 μορφώνω 2 1 22 άσκουμαυ 21 13 70 νεότερος 91 163 23 αύξαίνω 25 15 71 νοθεύω 27 15 24 άφομουώνω 89 163 72 όρκεζομαε 33 21 25 βαθύς 49 51 73 παλαεοτατο ς 74 141 26 Μ 90 163 74 παν 76 141 27 (βάλλω) 96 177 75 παράγω 94 171 28 περεβάλλω 96 177 76 παράταυρο ς 85 147 29 γεγονός 30 17 77 πείθω 26 15 30 γεννημένος 7 3 78 πέρατα 83 147 31 γλώσσα 3 1 79 περεβάλλω 96 177 32 δεαδεδομένος 44 41 80 περομένω 51 57 33 δεαδίδω/-ομαε 22 13 81 περεπέτεοα 18 9 34 ft 44(b) 41 82 πεθανοτερος 91 163 35 δεακρ ενω 5 3 83 πέστη 77 141 36 δεδάσκω 28 17 84 πνεύμα 35 21 37 δεστάζω 34 21 85 πολετίζομαε 6 3 38 δόστου/δώσ’ 48 51 86 πρόοδος 11 5 39 έθνος 10 5 87 προσκυνώ 78 145 40 έκπροσωπώ 71 141 88 προϋποθέτω 88 163 41 έκραγη,νά 52 57 89 σημαένω 63 93-95 42 εμβαθύνω 90 163 90 σημευώνω 63 93-95 43 ενδεαφέρεε 70 103 91 σκέπτομαυ 39 27 44 ένδεαφέρων 68 101 92 σκοτευνός 84 147 45 έννοοα 23 13 93 συγκεντρώνω 79 145 46 έννοώ 20 13 94 συγκρέσευ,έν 64 93-95 47J-ένώνω/-ομαε — -20--- WORDS Paras. Pages Endings Paras. Pages 95 συγχωνεύομαι, 19 11 128 -η -είε 31 17 96 συμβαίνει. 29 17 97 συμφυλυώνω 80 145 129 -ευα -εία -τεία 37 21-23 98 συναίσθημα 61 93-95 130 -ία -τρυα 18 9 99 συναίσθηση 60 94-95 |-40S -40 -40 u9 100 συνείδηση 57 83 131 29 -ευος -ευο 101 σχόλυο 55 59 102 τεύνω 98 185 132 -οσμόε 35 21 103 τρώγω 45 49 133 -ουα 23 13 104 ύγυης 24 13 f-i lli 105 υπάρχω 1 1 134 5 -°S n.} 10} 106 υπερασπίζω 73 141 107 υποχωρώ 13 9 135 neuter nouns 30 17 108 ύφύσταμαυ 97 183 136 -οσυνη -οτητα 80 145 109 φτυάνω/-χνω 9 5 110 φυλή 86 147 (c) OF ADJECTIVES 111 χείλυα/χείλη 53 57 112 χωρίζω 12 9 Ι'-ευνος -υνος 113 ώρ υμάζω 81 145 137 J-4vds -ίνοε 84 147 ''-υνος II ENDINGS, (a) OF VERBS -αία f.i 15ι r-αίνω, -άνω 138 9 114 32 21 -αία n. lb -αυνω, -υνω 139 -υκός |-αω, -ας 115 47 51 -ώ, -ευς ^-ότεροε -ο'τατοε gi 140 163 -ώτερος -ώτατος 116 -ώνω 80 145 117 θα/να,-ευς -ευ }43(a) 41 141 r-ώτεροε -ώτατοε g2 163 -ηε -η - τέρος - τάτος 118 θά/νά “0yaL} 43(b) 41 142 -ίτεροε -υτατοε 75 141 -ωμαυ _ {-ε4α/4α}-ύ 4g 143 51 119 -ομαυ -υέμαυ 38 27 -ευα ^--οϋμαυ-ώμαυ 144 -ηε -ηε -έε 24 13 120 38 27 -άμαυ III OTHER. -θε υ , 121 -σε υ } 45 49 -θη 145 changes of con- sonants 19 11 122 -βεί -βη 45 49 146 qualitative ^--οντας 123 95 171 change of vowels 56 59 -ώντας 147 reduplication 44 41 (b) OF NOUNS 148 use of -vv- 7 3 r-ag -ηε 124 4 1 -ag -ηε ^-a -ας 125 54 59 -a -ης 126 feminine-a 3 1 127 -έας -ευς 93 163 THE MCGILL UNIVERSITY Companions to Modern Greek Studies MODERN GREEK READER I. 1, PROSE