Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Applications, 2nd Edition (Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering)

655 Pages·2011·44.99 MB·English

P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
Microstrip Filters
for RF/Microwave
Applications
i
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
WILEY SERIES IN MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING
KAICHANG,Editor
TexasA&MUniversity
Acompletelistofthetitlesinthisseriesappearsattheendofthisvolume.
ii
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
Microstrip Filters
for RF/Microwave
Applications
Second Edition
JIA-SHENG HONG
AJOHNWILEY&SONS,INC.,PUBLICATION
iii
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
Copyright(cid:1)C 2011byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformor
byanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptas
permittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteithertheprior
writtenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeeto
theCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,[phone],
fax[phone],oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermission
shouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,
NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone],oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsin
preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor
completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof
merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitable
foryoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernor
authorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedto
special,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactour
CustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat
[phone]orfax(317)572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay
notbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteat
www.wiley.com.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Hong,Jia-Sheng.
MicrostripfiltersforRF/microwaveapplications/Jia-ShengHong.–2nded.
p. cm.–(Wileyseriesinmicrowaveandopticalengineering;216)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-40877-3(hardback)
1.Microwavecircuits. 2.Striptransmissionlines. 3.Electricfilters. I.Title.
TK7876.H662011
621.381(cid:2)32–dc22 2010031085
PrintedinSingapore
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
iv
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
Contents
PrefacetotheSecondEdition xiii
PrefacetotheFirstEdition xv
1 Introduction 1
2 NetworkAnalysis 6
2.1 NetworkVariables 6
2.2 ScatteringParameters 8
2.3 Short-CircuitAdmittanceParameters 10
2.4 Open-CircuitImpedanceParameters 10
2.5 ABCDParameters 11
2.6 Transmission-LineNetworks 12
2.7 NetworkConnections 13
2.8 NetworkParameterConversions 16
2.9 SymmetricalNetworkAnalysis 19
2.10 MultiportNetworks 20
2.11 EquivalentandDualNetwork 23
2.12 MultimodeNetworks 25
References 27
3 BasicConceptsandTheoriesofFilters 28
3.1 TransferFunctions 28
3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions 28
3.1.2 PolesandZerosontheComplexPlane 29
3.1.3 Butterworth(MaximallyFlat)Response 30
3.1.4 ChebyshevResponse 31
3.1.5 EllipticFunctionResponse 33
3.1.6 Gaussian(MaximallyFlatGroup-Delay)Response 35
3.1.7 All-PassResponse 36
v
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
vi CONTENTS
3.2 LowpassPrototypeFiltersandElements 39
3.2.1 ButterworthLowpassPrototypeFilters 40
3.2.2 ChebyshevLowpassPrototypeFilters 40
3.2.3 Elliptic-FunctionLowpassPrototypeFilters 43
3.2.4 GaussianLowpassPrototypeFilters 44
3.2.5 All-PassLowpassPrototypeFilters 48
3.3 FrequencyandElementTransformations 49
3.3.1 LowpassTransformation 50
3.3.2 HighpassTransformation 51
3.3.3 BandpassTransformation 52
3.3.4 BandstopTransformation 54
3.4 ImmittanceInverters 55
3.4.1 DefinitionofImmittance,Impedance,and
AdmittanceInverters 55
3.4.2 FilterswithImmittanceInverters 56
3.4.3 PracticalRealizationofImmittanceInverters 60
3.5 Richards’TransformationandKurodaIdentities 62
3.5.1 Richards’Transformation 62
3.5.2 KurodaIdentities 65
3.5.3 Coupled-LineEquivalentCircuits 65
3.6 DissipationandUnloadedQualityFactor 69
3.6.1 UnloadedQualityFactorsofLossyReactive
Elements 69
3.6.2 DissipationEffectsonLowpassandHighpassFilters 70
3.6.3 DissipationEffectsonBandpassandBandstopFilters 72
References 74
4 TransmissionLinesandComponents 75
4.1 MicrostripLines 75
4.1.1 MicrostripStructure 75
4.1.2 WavesInMicrostrip 75
4.1.3 Quasi-TEMApproximation 76
4.1.4 EffectiveDielectricConstantandCharacteristic
Impedance 76
4.1.5 GuidedWavelength,PropagationConstant,Phase
Velocity,andElectricalLength 78
4.1.6 SynthesisofW/h 79
4.1.7 EffectofStripThickness 79
4.1.8 DispersioninMicrostrip 80
4.1.9 MicrostripLosses 81
4.1.10 EffectofEnclosure 82
4.1.11 SurfaceWavesandHigher-OrderModes 82
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
CONTENTS vii
4.2 CoupledLines 83
4.2.1 Even-andOdd-ModeCapacitances 84
4.2.2 Even-andOdd-ModeCharacteristicImpedances
andEffectiveDielectricConstants 85
4.2.3 MoreAccurateDesignEquations 86
4.3 DiscontinuitiesandComponents 88
4.3.1 MicrostripDiscontinuities 88
4.3.2 MicrostripComponents 91
4.3.3 LossConsiderationsforMicrostripResonators 101
4.4 OtherTypesofMicrostripLines 103
4.5 CoplanarWaveguide(CPW) 104
4.6 Slotlines 107
References 109
5 LowpassandBandpassFilters 112
5.1 LowpassFilters 112
5.1.1 Stepped-ImpedanceL-CLadder-TypeLowpassFilters 112
5.1.2 L-CLadder-TypeofLowpassFiltersUsing
Open-CircuitedStubs 115
5.1.3 SemilumpedLowpassFiltersHaving
Finite-FrequencyAttenuationPoles 119
5.2 BandpassFilters 123
5.2.1 End-CoupledHalf-WavelengthResonatorFilters 123
5.2.2 Parallel-CoupledHalf-WavelengthResonatorFilters 128
5.2.3 Hairpin-LineBandpassFilters 131
5.2.4 InterdigitalBandpassFilters 135
5.2.5 ComblineFilters 144
5.2.6 PseudocomblineFilters 150
5.2.7 StubBandpassFilters 153
References 160
6 HighpassandBandstopFilters 162
6.1 HighpassFilters 162
6.1.1 QuasilumpedHighpassFilters 162
6.1.2 OptimumDistributedHighpassFilters 166
6.2 BandstopFilters 169
6.2.1 Narrow-BandBandstopFilters 169
6.2.2 BandstopFilterswithOpen-CircuitedStubs 177
6.2.3 OptimumBandstopFilters 183
6.2.4 BandstopFiltersforRFChokes 188
References 191
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
viii CONTENTS
7 Coupled-ResonatorCircuits 193
7.1 GeneralCouplingMatrixforCoupled-ResonatorFilters 194
7.1.1 LoopEquationFormulation 194
7.1.2 NodeEquationFormulation 198
7.1.3 GeneralCouplingMatrix 201
7.2 GeneralTheoryofCouplings 202
7.2.1 SynchronouslyTunedCoupled-ResonatorCircuits 203
7.2.2 AsynchronouslyTunedCoupled-ResonatorCircuits 209
7.3 GeneralFormulationforExtractingCouplingCoefficientk 215
7.4 FormulationforExtractingExternalQualityFactorQ 216
e
7.4.1 SinglyLoadedResonator 216
7.4.2 DoublyLoadedResonator 219
7.5 NumericalExamples 221
7.5.1 Extractingk(SynchronousTuning) 222
7.5.2 Extractingk(AsynchronousTuning) 225
7.5.3 ExtractingQ 227
e
7.6 GeneralCouplingMatrixIncludingSourceandLoad 228
References 231
8 CADforLow-CostandHigh-VolumeProduction 232
8.1 Computer-AidedDesign(CAD)Tools 233
8.2 Computer-AidedAnalysis(CAA) 233
8.2.1 CircuitAnalysis 233
8.2.2 ElectromagneticSimulation 238
8.3 FilterSynthesisbyOptimization 242
8.3.1 GeneralDescription 242
8.3.2 SynthesisofaQuasielliptic-FunctionFilter
byOptimization 243
8.3.3 SynthesisofanAsynchronouslyTunedFilter
byOptimization 244
8.3.4 SynthesisofaUMTSFilterbyOptimization 245
8.4 CADExamples 248
8.4.1 ExampleOne(ChebyshevFilter) 248
8.4.2 ExampleTwo(Cross-CoupledFilter) 252
References 258
9 AdvancedRF/MicrowaveFilters 261
9.1 SelectiveFilterswithaSinglePairofTransmissionZeros 261
9.1.1 FilterCharacteristics 261
9.1.2 FilterSynthesis 263
9.1.3 FilterAnalysis 266
9.1.4 MicrostripFilterRealization 267
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
CONTENTS ix
9.2 CascadedQuadruplet(CQ)Filters 271
9.2.1 MicrostripCQFilters 271
9.2.2 DesignExample 272
9.3 TrisectionandCascadedTrisection(CT)Filters 275
9.3.1 CharacteristicsofCTFilters 275
9.3.2 TrisectionFilters 276
9.3.3 MicrostripTrisectionFilters 281
9.3.4 MicrostripCTFilters 284
9.4 AdvancedFilterswithTransmission-LineInsertedInverters 287
9.4.1 CharacteristicsofTransmission-LineInserted
Inverters 287
9.4.2 FilteringCharacteristicswithTransmission-Line
InsertedInverters 289
9.4.3 GeneralTransmission-LineFilter 294
9.5 Linear-PhaseFilters 295
9.5.1 PrototypeofLinear-PhaseFilter 296
9.5.2 MicrostripLinear-PhaseBandpassFilters 302
9.6 ExtractedPoleFilters 304
9.6.1 ExtractedPoleSynthesisProcedure 306
9.6.2 SynthesisExample 311
9.6.3 Microstrip-ExtractedPoleBandpassFilters 313
9.7 CanonicalFilters 316
9.7.1 GeneralCouplingStructure 316
9.7.2 Elliptic-Function/SelectiveLinear-Phase
CanonicalFilters 319
9.8 MultibandFilters 320
9.8.1 FiltersUsingMixedResonators 321
9.8.2 FiltersUsingDual-BandResonators 322
9.8.3 FiltersUsingCross-CoupledResonators 328
References 332
10 CompactFiltersandFilterMiniaturization 334
10.1 MiniatureOpen-LoopandHairpinResonatorFilters 334
10.2 Slow-WaveResonatorFilters 336
10.2.1 CapacitivelyLoadedTransmission-LineResonator 338
10.2.2 End-CoupledSlow-WaveResonatorsFilters 341
10.2.3 Slow-Wave,Open-LoopResonatorFilters 343
10.3 MiniatureDual-ModeResonatorFilters 349
10.3.1 MicrostripDual-ModeResonators 350
10.3.2 MiniaturizedDual-ModeResonatorFilters 352
10.3.3 Dual-ModeTriangular-PatchResonatorFilters 355
10.3.4 Dual-ModeOpen-LoopFilters 366
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC
fm JWBS054-Hong November17,2010 8:49 Printer:Yettocome
x CONTENTS
10.4 Lumped-ElementFilters 379
10.5 MiniatureFiltersUsingHighDielectric-ConstantSubstrates 384
10.6 MultilayerFilters 386
10.6.1 Aperture-CoupledResonatorFilters 386
10.6.2 FilterswithDefectedGroundStructures 393
10.6.3 Substrate-IntegratedWaveguideFilters 404
10.6.4 LTCCandLCPFilters 412
References 421
11 SuperconductingFilters 433
11.1 High-TemperatureSuperconducting(HTS)Materials 433
11.1.1 TypicalHTSMaterials 433
11.1.2 ComplexConductivityofSuperconductors 434
11.1.3 PenetrationDepthofSuperconductors 435
11.1.4 SurfaceImpedanceofSuperconductors 436
11.1.5 NonlinearityofSuperconductors 440
11.1.6 SubstratesforSuperconductors 440
11.2 HTSFiltersforMobileCommunications 441
11.2.1 HTSFilterwithaSinglePairofTransmissionZeros 442
11.2.2 HTSFilterwithTwoPairsofTransmissionZeros 448
11.2.3 HTSFilterwithGroup-DelayEqualization 454
11.3 HTSFiltersforSatelliteCommunications 462
11.3.1 C-BandHTSFilter 462
11.3.2 X-BandHTSFilter 465
11.3.3 Ka-BandHTSFilter 468
11.4 HTSFiltersforRadioAstronomyandRadar 469
11.4.1 NarrowbandMiniatureHTSFilteratUHFBand 470
11.4.2 WidebandHTSFilterwithStrongCoupling
Resonators 473
11.5 High-PowerHTSFilters 475
11.6 CryogenicPackage 479
References 480
12 Ultra-Wideband(UWB)Filters 488
12.1 UWBFilterswithShort-CircuitedStubs 488
12.1.1 DesignofStubUWBFilters 488
12.1.2 StubUWBFilterswithImprovedUpperStopband 490
12.2 UWB-CoupledResonatorFilters 495
12.2.1 InterdigitalUWBFilterswith
Microstrip/CPW-CoupledResonators 495
12.2.2 Broadside-CoupledSlow-WaveResonator
UWBFilters 501