Methods of Celestial Mechanics. Volume II: Application to Planetary System, Geodynamics and Satellite Geodesy

452 Pages·2004·15.46 MB·English

by  Gerhard Beutler

ASTRONOMY AND
ASTROPHYSICS LIBRARY
SeriesEditors: I.Appenzeller,Heidelberg,Germany
G.Bo¨rner,Garching,Germany
A.Burkert,Mu¨nchen,Germany
M.A.Dopita,Canberra,Australia
A.Eckart,Köln,Germany
T.Encrenaz,Meudon,France
M.Harwit,Washington,DC,USA
R.Kippenhahn,Go¨ttingen,Germany
J.Lequeux,Paris,France
A.Maeder,Sauverny,Switzerland
V.Trimble,CollegePark,MD,andIrvine,CA,USA
Gerhard Beutler
Methods of
Celestial Mechanics
Volume II:
Application to Planetary System,
Geodynamics and Satellite Geodesy
In Cooperation with
Prof. Leos Mervart and Dr. Andreas Verdun
With266FiguresIncluding14ColorFigures,
28TablesandaCD-ROM
123
ProfessorDr.GerhardBeutler
Universita¨tBern
AstronomischesInstitut
Sidlerstrasse5
3012Bern,Switzerland
e-mail:[email protected]
Coverpicture:
OppolzermotionoftheEarth’srotationpole,generatedbyprogramsystem"CelestialMechanics"
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2004105868
ISSN0941-7834
ISBN3-540-40750-2SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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ASTRONOMY AND
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SeriesEditors: I.Appenzeller · G.Bo¨rner · A.Burkert · M.A.Dopita
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TheStars ByE.L.SchatzmanandF.Praderie StellarPhysics(2volumes)
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andCosmology ByA.K.Raychaudhuri, VolumeI:Physical,Mathematical,and
S.Banerji,andA.Banerjee NumericalPrinciples
VolumeII:ApplicationtoPlanetarySystem,
GeodynamicsandSatelliteGeodesy
ByG.Beutler
To my family
and my friends and co-workers
at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern
Preface of Volume II
ThisisthesecondofthetwovolumesentitledMethodsofCelestialMechanics:
Application to Planetary System, Geodynamics and Satellite Geodesy. It
consists of Part II: Applications and Part III: ProgramSystem.
PartIIfocusesonapplicationsofastrodynamics.Thedevelopmentsarebased
on lecture notes about Celestial Mechanics of the planetary system and of
artificial satellites, and about the rotation of Earth and Moon. The lectures
were intended for diploma students of astronomy,physics,mathematics,and
geography at the University of Bern in their first three academic years. In
view of the broad and inhomogeneous audience, the lectures had to be self-
consistent and based on simple, generally known physical and mathematical
facts and concepts.
Earthrotation(Chapter2),satellitemotion(Chapter3)andthedevelopment
oftheplanetarysystem(Chapter4)aretheconstituentsofPartII.Thethree
chapters should be viewed as applications of the theoreticaldevelopments in
Chapter I-3. It is recommended to briefly review the corresponding sections
ofthisintroductorychapterbeforestudyingoneofthethreeapplicationchap-
ters. Volume I also should be consulted whenever subtleties of the equations
of motion are in the focus of interest. The mathematical foundations of the
developments in this second Volume are (of course) those of Volume I. It
should be nevertheless possible to get a good overview of the three applica-
tionsofastrodynamicswithoutconsultingVolumeItoooften–providedone
is ready to accept the underlying equations of motion and the mathematical
tools used as known (“black boxes”).
Part III gives an overview of the program system accompanying and illus-
trating this work. The algorithms are those developed in Chapter I-7. The
programsystemismeanttoillustratethemathematicalconcepts,butalsoto
introduce the three central topics rotation of Earth and Moon, satellite mo-
tion, and evolution of the planetary system. The three programs ERDROT,
SATORB and PLASYS are, from the design point of view, key elements for
a thorough understanding of the three topics. They are in particular helpful
to develop a proper understanding of the order of magnitude of the effects
considered.
VIII Preface of VolumeII
This Volume is accompanied by a Compact Disk (CD) containing the com-
puter programs as executable modules for Personal Computers (PC). The
program system is easy to install and to use on PCs with a Windows oper-
ating system.
Prof.LeoˇsMervartofthe TechnicalUniversityofPraguedesignedandwrote
the menu system accompanying the computer programs. It is in essence his
merit that the computer-programsare easy to understand and to use.
My colleague and co-workerDr. Andreas Verdun was the design expert con-
cerningthestructureandtheformalappearanceofthiswork.Inaddition,his
collaboration was paramount in all aspects related to his specialization, the
history of astronomy, in particular of Celestial Mechanics. He screened and
proof-read the entire manuscript. His expertise and never ending encourage-
ment was of greatest importance for the realization and completion of this
work.
Thisworknevercouldhavebeencompletedwithouttheassistanceofthetwo
young colleagues. Their contribution is acknowledged with deep gratitude.
Prof. Paul Wild, my predecessoras director of the AstronomicalInstitute of
the University of Bern (AIUB), contributed in many respects to this book.
PaulWildadaptedhisfabulousskilltoscreenSchmidt-platesfornewobjects
(minor planets, comets, supernovae, etc.) to the manuscript of this book
by performing an amazingly thorough proof-reading of major parts of the
manuscript. The final result is undoubtedly very much improved thanks to
his effort.
Chapter 2 (rotation of Earth and Moon) was proof-read by Claudia Urschl,
Chapter 3 (satellite motion) by Michael Meindl. The two young colleagues
arePh.D.-candidatesatourinstitute.Dr.ThomasSchildknechtreviewedthe
chapter 4 (planetary system). Dr. Urs Hugentobler received his diploma in
theoretical physics, then joined the CCD group and wrote a Ph.D. thesis
in the field of astrometry and Celestial Mechanics. After a longer research
stay at ESOC in Darmstadt, he joined the AIUB team as head of AIUB
GPS researchgroup. With his broad backgroundand his sharp mind he was
perfectly suited to proof-readthe entire Part II of this work.
Profs. Robert Weber from the Technical University of Vienna, Markus
Rothacherfromthe TechnicalUniversityofMunich, andProf.WernerGurt-
ner,directoroftheZimmerwaldObservatory,alsoreadandcommentedmajor
partsofthemanuscript.Dr.JanKoubafromtheNationalGeodeticSurveyof
CanadathoroughlyreadthemajorpartofPartII.Thecommentsbythefour
distinguished colleagues are very much appreciated. A final proof-reading of
the entire manuscriptwas performed by Ms Edith St¨ovekenand Ms Claudia
Urschl.
The editing and reviewing process of a treatise of this extent is a crucial
aspect, at times even a nightmare. The reviewing work was a considerable
Preface of VolumeII IX
addition to the normalprofessionalduties of the colleaguesmentioned above
and to those of the author. It is my sincere desire to thank my friends and
colleagues for their assistance. I can only promise to assist them in a similar
way, should they decide to achieve something similar. I cannot recommend
this to anybody, onthe other hand: My sabbaticalleave from the University
of Bern in spring and summer 2001 and the following two years were in
essence sacrificed to the purpose of writing and completing this two volume
work.
The author hopes that the two volumes will be helpful to and stimulating
for students and researchers – which in turn would help him to forget the
“(blood), sweat and tears” accompanying the creative act.
Bern, February 2004 Gerhard Beutler