Membrane Filtration: A Problem Solving Approach with MATLABВ®

348 Pages·2013·2.748 MB·English

by  Foley G.

more information - www.cambridge.org/9781107028746

MembraneFiltration
Focusingontheapplicationofmembranesinanengineeringcontext,thishands-oncom-
putationalguidemakespreviouslychallengingproblemsroutine.Itformulatesproblems
as systems of equations solved with MATLAB, encouraging active learning through
workedexamplesandend-of-chapterproblems.
The detailed treatments of dead-end filtration include novel approaches to constant
ratefiltrationandfiltrationwithacentrifugalpump.Thediscussionofcrossflowmicro-
filtrationincludestheuseofkineticandforcebalancemodels.Comprehensivecoverage
ofultrafiltrationanddiafiltrationprocessesemploysbothlimitingfluxandosmoticpres-
sure models. The effect of fluid viscosity on the mass transfer coefficient is explored
in detail; the effects of incomplete rejection on the design and analysis of ultrafiltra-
tion and diafiltration are analysed; and quantitative treatments of reverse osmosis and
nanofiltrationprocessanalysisanddesignareexplored.Includesachapterdedicatedto
themodellingofmembranefouling.
Greg Foley is a Lecturer at Dublin City University, with over 25 years’ experience of
teachingallaspectsofchemicalandbioprocessengineering.Heisadedicatededucator,
whohasbeennominatedfortheDCUPresident’sAwardforExcellenceinTeachingon
numerousoccasions.
‘Membrane Filtration: A Problem Solving Approach with MATLAB’ is truly a most
comprehensive, interesting and effective approach to this topic. The writing style is
engaging,difficultconceptsareexplainedwithaclaritythatisenviableandthecoverage
ofthetopicsisquitecomprehensive.WhenreadingthetextyoucanclearlyhearGreg
Foleyspeakingineveryline.
Ithinkthebookisneeded.Itpullstogetheradiverserangeoftopicssomeofwhich
aregivenonlyacursorycoverageinothertextsandpresentsthetopicsinaconnected
mannerwitheachchapterbuildingonwhatwascoveredbefore.Itisclearlyatextaimed
atteachingandthestylewill,Ithink,enticestudentsto“learnbydoing”.Someofthe
material,particularlythemathematicalaspectsofthesubjectwillprovechallengingfor
students who are weak in this area, however, Greg does offer a number of alternative
solutionmethodologieswhichshouldovercomesomeofthecomplexitiesforthoseless
interestedinthemathematical“tricks”thatoftenintriguethoseofamoremathematical
bent.
The book will also be very useful to research students and academic staff, like,
myselfwhoareinvolvedinteachingmoduleswithaspectsofmembraneseparations.In
fact this book proposal reminded me of those famous Lectures in Physics by Richard
Feynman, in that while the original intention of that series of books was to introduce
physicstoundergraduates,thatthemainbeneficiariesofthepublicationswereFeynman’s
colleagues, who gained fresh insights into their subject from the clarity of Feynman’s
thoughtprocessesasrevealedbyhispedagogicalstyle.
DrDermotM.Malone,UniversityCollegeDublin
I enjoyed reading this book. Its style is rigorous yet easily understandable, with many
clarifying examples and problems. Although it is primarily focused on students, it
presentsnotonlystandardinformationbutrecentresultsinmembraneengineeringfield
aswell.
MiroslavFikar,SlovakUniversityofTechnology
Membrane Filtration
A Problem Solving Approach with MATLAB
GREG FOLEY
DublinCityUniversity
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Firstpublished2013
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ForJulieandLeo
and
InmemoryofTonyFoley

Contents
Preface pagexv
Abbreviations xviii
1 Introductiontomembranefiltrationofliquids 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Definitionsandterminology 3
1.2.1 Dead-endandcrossflowconfigurations 3
1.2.2 Keyprocessparametersinmembranefiltration 6
1.2.3 Soluteandparticlerejection 7
1.3 Membranesandtheirproperties 9
1.3.1 Membranematerials 9
1.3.2 Membranemorphology 9
1.4 Membranemodules 10
1.4.1 Flatsheetandspiralwoundmodules 10
1.4.2 Shell-and-tubemodules 11
1.4.3 Stirredcells 12
1.5 Fluxcharacteristicsinmembranefiltration 12
1.5.1 Dead-endfiltration 12
1.5.2 Crossflowconfiguration 13
1.6 Conclusions 14
References 15
Additionalreading 15
2 Dead-endfiltration 16
2.1 Introductiontodead-endfiltration 16
2.2 Thefiltratefluxequation 17
2.3 Thespecificcakeresistance 19
2.3.1 Cakecompressibility 19
2.3.2 Effectsofparticleandliquidproperties 23
2.3.3 Filteraids 24
2.4 Analysisanddesignofbatchdead-endfiltration 25
2.4.1 AnalysisanddesignofbatchDEFatconstantpressure 26
2.4.2 AnalysisofbatchDEFatconstantfiltrateflux 31
viii Contents
2.4.3 AnalysisofbatchDEFwithacentrifugalpump 34
2.5 Continuousfiltration 37
2.6 ModellingproducttransmissioninDEF 39
2.7 Conclusions 41
References 42
Problems 43
Furtherproblems 45
3 Crossflowmicrofiltration 48
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Modesofoperation 48
3.3 Fluxcharacteristicsduringcontinuousoperation 49
3.4 Theoriesofcrossflowmicrofiltration 51
3.4.1 Concentrationpolarisationandshear-induceddiffusion 51
3.4.2 Theforcebalanceapproach 53
3.4.3 Thespatialdependenceoftheflux 57
3.5 AsimplekineticmodelofCFMF 57
3.5.1 Steadystatebehaviour 59
3.5.2 Dynamicbehaviour 60
3.5.3 Constantfluxoperation 63
3.5.4 Linkingthekineticmodelwithforcebalancetheory 65
3.5.5 Fluxdynamicswithatransitionflux 67
3.6 Processdesignandanalysis 68
3.6.1 Analysisofacontinuousfeed-and-bleedsystem 69
3.6.2 ModellingthedynamicsofbatchCFMF 70
3.6.3 Fed-batchoperation 76
3.7 CakepropertiesinCFMF 78
3.8 Improvingtheflux 80
3.8.1 Backflushing 81
3.8.2 Crossflushing 82
3.8.3 Airsparging 82
3.9 ProductrecoveryinCFMF 83
3.10 Conclusions 83
References 84
Problems 85
Furtherproblems 86
4 Ultrafiltrationfluxtheories 88
4.1 Introduction 88
4.2 Concentrationpolarisation 89
4.3 Predictionofmasstransfercoefficients 90
4.3.1 Predictionofdiffusioncoefficients 93
4.3.2 Predictionofsolutionviscosity 95