Learning science through computer games and simulations

175 Pages·2011·2.933 MB·English

by  Margaret Honey, Margaret L Hilton, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science Learning: Computer Games, Simulations, and Education., National Academies Press (U.S.)

Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
Learning Science

Through Computer Games
and Simulations
Committee on Science Learning:
Computer Games, Simulations, and Education
Margaret A. Honey and Margaret L. Hilton, Editors
Board on Science Education
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils
of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were
chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. DRL-0836206 between the National
Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation and Contract No. 2008-
2457 between the National Academy of Sciences and the William and Flora Hewlett
Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in
this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of
the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Learning science : computer games, simulations, and education / Committee on
Science Learning ; Margaret A. Honey and Margaret Hilton, editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-309-18523-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-309-18524-0
(pdf : alk. paper) 1. Science—Study and teaching (Elementary) 2. Science—Study
and teaching (Secondary) I. Honey, Margaret. II. Hilton, Margaret. III. National
Research Council. Committee on Science Learning.
LB1585.L357 2011
372.35′044—dc22
2011004594
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; [phone] or (202)
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Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2011). Learning Science Through
Computer Games and Simulations. Committee on Science Learning: Computer Games,
Simulations, and Education, Margaret A. Honey and Margaret L. Hilton, Eds. Board
on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education.
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
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Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE LEARNING:
COMPUTER GAMES, SIMULATIONS,
AND EDUCATION
MARGARET A. HONEY (Chair), New York Hall of Science, Queens
WILLIAM B. BONVILLIAN, Washington, DC, Office, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
JANIS CANNON-BOWERS, Institute for Simulation and Training,
University of Central Florida
ERIC KLOPFER, Department of Urban Studies and Planning,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JAMES W. PELLEGRINO, Learning Sciences Research Institute, University
of Illinois, Chicago
RAY PEREZ, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia
NICHOLE PINKARD, College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul
University
DANIEL SCHWARTZ, School of Education, Stanford University
CONSTANCE STEINKUEHLER, School of Education, University of
Wisconsin, Madison
CARL E. WIEMAN, Carl Wieman Science Education Initiative, University
of British Columbia (until March 2010)
MARTIN STORKSDIECK, Study Director (since June 2010)
J. REID SCHWEBACH, Study Director (until May 2010)
MARGARET L. HILTON, Senior Program Officer
REBECCA KRONE, Program Associate
PATRICIA HARVEY, Senior Program Assistant (until July 2009)
WUNIKA MUKAN, Program Assistant (until December 2009)

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
BOARD ON SCIENCE EDUCATION
2009
HELEN R. QUINN (Chair), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford
University
PHILIP BELL, Learning Sciences, University of Washington
WILLIAM B. BONVILLIAN, Washington, DC, Office, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
ADAM GAMORAN, Center for Education Research, University of
Wisconsin, Madison
JERRY P. GOLLUB, Natural Sciences and Physics Departments, Haverford
College
MARGARET A. HONEY, New York Hall of Science, Queens
JANET HUSTLER, Partnership for Student Success in Science (PS3),
Synopsys, Inc., Mountain View, California
FRANK KEIL, Morse College, Yale University
BRETT D. MOULDING, Utah Partnership for Effective Science Teaching
and Learning, Ogden
CARLO PARRAVANO, Merck Institute for Science Education, Rahway,
New Jersey
SUSAN R. SINGER, Department of Biology, Carleton College
JAMES P. SPILLANE, Department of Education and Social Policy,
Northwestern University
CARL E. WIEMAN, Carl Wieman Science Education Initiative, University
of British Columbia
WILLIAM B. WOOD, Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology,
University of Colorado, Boulder
MARTIN STORKSDIECK, Director
HEIDI A. SCHWEINGRUBER, Deputy Director
MICHAEL A. FEDER, Senior Program Officer
MARGARET L. HILTON, Senior Program Officer
THOMAS E. KELLER, Senior Program Officer
NATALIE NIELSEN, Senior Program Officer
J. REID SCHWEBACH, Program Officer (until May 2010)
REBECCA KRONE, Program Associate
KELLY DUNCAN, Senior Program Assistant
PATRICIA HARVEY, Senior Program Assistant (until July 2009)
WUNIKA MUKAN, Program Assistant (until December 2009)
i
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

Acknowledgments
The committee and staff thank the many individuals and organizations
who assisted us in our work and without whom this study could not have
been completed. First, we acknowledge the generous support of the National
Science Foundation (NSF) and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. We
are particularly grateful to Marshall (Mike) S. Smith, former program director
for education at the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, who identified
the need for such a study and made the initial request. We also thank John
C. Cherniavsky, senior advisor for research in the NSF Division of Research
on Learning in Formal and Informal Settings, for his support of the study.
Individually and collectively, committee members benefited from dis-
cussions that grew out of the papers and presentations from the October
2009 workshop. We are grateful to each of the presenters, many of whom
also wrote papers on different aspects of simulations, games, and science
learning. They include Eva Baker, University of California, Los Angeles;
Sasha Barab, Indiana University; Daphne Bavelier, University of Rochester;
John Behrens, Cisco Networking Academy; Alex Chisolm, Learning Games
Network; Douglas Clark, Vanderbilt University; Katherine Culp, Education
Development Center; Ton de Jong, University of Twente, The Netherlands;
Christopher Dede, Harvard University; Daniel Edelson, National Geographic
Society; Dexter Fletcher, Institute for Defense Analyses; Alan Gershenfeld,
E-Line Ventures; Robert Goldstone, Indiana University; Richard Halverson,
University of Wisconsin, Madison; John Hight, Sony Computer Entertainment
of America; Paul Horwitz, The Concord Consortium; Mizuko Ito, University
of California, Irvine; Yasmin B. Kafai, University of Pennsylvania; Diane J.
Ketelhut, Temple University; Merrilea J. Mayo, Kauffman Foundation; Scot
Osterweil, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Jan L. Plass, New York
University; Edys Quellmalz, WestEd; Steven Schneider, WestEd; Valerie J.
ii
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
iii Acknowledgments
Shute, Florida State University; Nancy B. Songer, University of Michigan; Kurt
D. Squire, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Reed Stevens, Northwestern
University; Ronald H. Stevens, University of California, Los Angeles; Michael
J. Timms, WestEd; Ellen A. Wartella, University of California, Riverside; and
Susan Zelman, Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Many individuals at the National Research Council (NRC) assisted the
committee. Center for Education director Patricia Morison, Board on Sci-
ence Education deputy director Heidi Schweingruber, and Board on Science
Education director Martin Storksdieck offered valuable suggestions at our
committee meetings, as well as providing helpful comments on drafts of the
report. Reid Schwebach, study director until May 2010, worked closely with
the committee to design and carry out the workshop, commission valuable
papers and presentations, and write initial drafts of the report. Senior program
officer Margaret Hilton assisted the committee with subsequent drafts.
We thank Kirsten Sampson Snyder, who shepherded the report through
the NRC review process; Christine McShane, who edited the draft report;
and Yvonne Wise for processing the report through final production. We
are grateful to Patricia Harvey, who arranged logistics for the first committee
meeting; Wunika Mukan for her able assistance in arranging the workshop
and final two committee meetings; and Rebecca Krone for her assistance with
editing and preparing the manuscript for review and final publication.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for
their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with pro-
cedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose
of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that
will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible
and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity,
evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and
draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative
process. We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Christopher Dede, Learning Technologies, Harvard Graduate School of Educa-
tion; Chad Dorsey, president, The Concord Consortium, Concord, MA; Pamela
R. Jeffries, associate dean for academic affairs, Johns Hopkins University
School of Nursing; Ken Koedinger, School of Computer Science, Carnegie
Mellon University; Marcia C. Linn, Education in Mathematics, Science, and
Technology, University of California, Berkeley; William L. McGill, Informa-
tion Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine
Milne, Department of Teaching and Learning, Steinhardt School of Culture,
Education, and Human Development, New York University; Jan L. Plass,
Educational Communication and Technology, Steinhardt School, New York
University; Brooke M. Whiteford, Technology Assisted Learning Division, RTI
International; Diego Zapata-Rivera, Research and Development, Educational
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations
Acknowledgments ix
Testing Service; and Michael J. Zyda, GamePipe Laboratory, Department of
Computer Science, University of Southern California.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com-
ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the
report nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. Adam
Gamoran, Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, and Stephen Fienberg, Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon
University, oversaw the review of this report. Appointed by the NRC, they
were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this
report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that
all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final
content of this report rests entirely with the author and the institution.
Finally, we thank our colleagues on the committee for their enthusiasm,
hard work, and collaborative spirit in writing this report.
Margaret A. Honey, Chair
Martin Storksdieck, Study Director
Committee on Science Learning:
Computer Games, Simulations, and Education
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.