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HANDBOOK of MECHANICAL DESIGN '7S~ / HANDBOOK of MECHANICAL DESIGN BY GEORGE NORDENHOLT F. EditorofProductEngineering JOSEPH KERR ManagingEditorofProductEngineering AND JOHN SASSO Associate EditorofProductEngineering First Edition Third Impression McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, Inc. NEW YORK AND LONDON 1942 HANDBOOK OP MECHANICAL DESIGN CksPYRIGHT, 1942, BY THE McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA All rights reserved. This book, or partsthereof,maynotbereproduced in anyform without permission of the publishers. THE MAPLE PRESS COMPANY, YORK, PA. PREFACE Many engineering departments, perhaps most, compile and keep up to date a manual which may be called the standards book, reference book, engineering department standards, or which may be given some other name. Also, many design engineers build their own book or manual. In such books will be found a vast fund of engineering data and many methods of design procedure not found in existing handbooks. When Product Engineering was launched as a pubhcation to serve the design engineers, it was obvious to the editors that a great service could be rendered to the profession by gathering and publishing data, information, and design procedures such as are contained in engineering department manuals. Thus, the first number of Product Engineering in January, 1930, contained a reference-book sheet for design calculations, a feature which has been continued in practically every number. Soon afterward, there was added to Product Engineering's editorial content anotherregular feature, a two-page spread illustrating standard constructions, possible variations by which to achieve a desired result, and similar design standards covering constructions, drives, and controls. It was soon found impossible to meet all the requests for additional copies of reference-book sheets and design standards. The demand continued to increase and numerous readers suggested that the material be compiled into book form and pub- lished. It was in answer to this demand that the authors compiled this book. Other than the major portion of the chapter on materials and a few other pages that have been added to round out the treatment of certain subjects, all the material in this book appeared in past numbers ofProduct Engineering, although some of it has been condensed or re-edited. Very little of the material in this book can be found in the conventional handbooks, for this Handbook of Mechanical Design contains practically no explanations of theoretical design. It confines itself to practical design methods and procedures that have been in use in engineering design departments. The authors wiU welcome suggestions from users of this book and especially desire to be notified of any errors. We wish to make special acknowledgment of the material on typical designs appearing in Chapters IV and VI, by Fred Firnhaber, now of Landis Tool Company; the nomograms by Carl P. Nachod, vice-president of the Nachod & U. S. Signal Co.; the standard procedure in the design of springs by W. M. Griffith of Atlas Imperial Diesel Engine Company; the spring charts by F. Franz; the methods for calculating belt drives and other nomograms by Emory N. Kemler, now associate professor of mechanical engineering at Purdue University; the nomograms for engineering calculations by M. G. Van Voorhis, now on the editorial staff of Product Engineering; and to S. A. Kilpatrick and 0. J. Schaefer for their brilliant series of articles, which have PREFACE vi beenincluded in slightlj^condensedform, onthe designofformed thin-sheet aluminum- alloy sections. Acknowledgment is also made here of data on properties of materials contributed by the Alimiinum Company of America, United States Steel Corporation, and the American Foundrymen's Association. Other engineers whose contributions to Product Engineering have been incorpo- rated in this book are H. M. Brayton, 0. E. Brown, E. Cowan, C. Donaldson, R. G. N. Evans, C. H. Leis, A. D. McKenzie, G. A. Schwartz, A. M. Wasbauer, B. B. Ramey, J. W. Harper, H. M. Richardson, G. A. Ruehmling, T. H. Nelson, E. Touceda, W. S. Rigby, R. S. Elberty, Jr., and G. Smiley. George F. Nordenholt, Joseph Kerr, John Sasso. New York, April, 1942.