Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications, Volume 2: Laser Design and Laser Systems PDF
Preview Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications, Volume 2: Laser Design and Laser Systems
Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications Lasers: Principles and Operations (Volume One) Second Edition Lasers Design and Laser Systems (Volume Two) Second Edition Lasers Application: Material Processing and Spectroscopy (Volume Three) Second Edition Laser Applications: Medical, Metrology and Communication (Volume Four) Second Edition Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications Lasers Design and Laser Systems (Volume Two) Second Edition Edited by Chunlei Guo Subhash Chandra Singh Second edition published 2021 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC First edition published by IOP Publishing 2004 CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Guo, Chunlei, editor. | Singh, Subhash Chandra, editor. Title: Handbook of laser technology and applications : four volume set / [edited by] Chunlei Guo and Subhash Chandra Singh. Description: 2nd edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021- | Series: Handbook of laser technology and applications | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Contents: v. 1. Lasers: principles and operations — v. 2. Laser design and laser systems — v. 3. Lasers applications: materials processing — v. 4. Laser applications: medical, metrology a [?]. Identifiers: LCCN 2020037189 (print) | LCCN 2020037190 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138032613 (v. 1 ; hardback) | ISBN 9781138032620 (v. 2 ; hardback) | ISBN 9781138033320 (v. 3 ; hardback) | ISBN 9780367649173 (v. 4 ; hardback) | ISBN 9781138196575 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315389561 (v. 1 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781003127130 (v. 2 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781315310855 (v. 3 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781003130123 (v. 4 ; ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Lasers. Classification: LCC TK7871.3 .H25 2021 (print) | LCC TK7871.3 (ebook) | DDC 621.36/6—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037189 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037190 ISBN: 978-1-138-03262-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-64979-1 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-12713-0 (ebk) Typeset in Times by codeMantra Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................ix Editors .............................................................................................................................................................................................xi Contributors ..................................................................................................................................................................................xiii 1. Solid-State Lasers: Section Introduction .............................................................................................................................1 R. C. Powell 2. Transition Metal Ion Lasers—Cr3+ ......................................................................................................................................3 Georges Boulon 3. Transition Metal Ion Lasers Other Than Cr3+ ..................................................................................................................25 Stephen A. Payne 4. Rare-Earth Ion Lasers—Nd3+ ............................................................................................................................................35 A. I. Zagumennyi, V. A. Mikhailov, and I. A. Shcherbakov 5. Rare-Earth Ions—Miscellaneous: Ce3+, U3+, Divalent, etc. .............................................................................................55 Gregory J. Quarles 6. Ti:sapphire: Material, Lasers and Amplifiers ..................................................................................................................69 Peter F. Moulton, Alan R. Fry, and Peter Fendel 7. Lanthanide Series Lasers—Near-Infrared .......................................................................................................................83 Norman P. Barnes 8. Lasers Based on Non-Linear Effects .................................................................................................................................101 Fabienne Pellé 9. Solid-State Raman Lasers .................................................................................................................................................127 T. T. Basiev and R. C. Powell 10. Colour Centre Lasers ..........................................................................................................................................................151 T. T. Basiev, P. G. Zverev, and S. B. Mirov 11. Laser Diodes: Section Introduction ...................................................................................................................................167 Ian White 12. Basic Principles of Laser Diodes .......................................................................................................................................169 Niloy K. Dutta 13. Spectral Control in Laser Diodes .....................................................................................................................................195 Markus-Christian Amann 14. High-Speed Laser Diodes ...................................................................................................................................................211 Peter P. Vasil’ev 15. High-Power Laser Diodes and Laser Diode Arrays .......................................................................................................225 Peter Unger 16. Visible Laser Diodes: Properties of III–V Red-Emitting Laser Diodes .......................................................................235 Peter Blood v vi Contents 17. Visible Laser Diodes: Properties of Blue Laser Diodes ..................................................................................................251 Robert Martin 18. Long-Wavelength Laser Diodes ........................................................................................................................................263 S. Anders, G. Strasser, and E. Gornik 19. Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Amplifiers for Switching and Signal Processing ................................................273 Hitoshi Kawaguchi 20. Silicon-Based Lasers ..........................................................................................................................................................287 Qiang Li, Bei Shi, and Yu Han 21. Gas/Vapour Lasers: Section Introduction .......................................................................................................................299 Julian Jones 22. Atomic Gas Lasers: Helium–Neon Lasers .......................................................................................................................301 Alan D. White and Lisa Tsufura 23. Metal vapor Lasers: Helium–Cadmium Laser ...............................................................................................................309 William T. Silfvast 24. Copper and Gold Vapour Lasers .......................................................................................................................................315 Colin Webb 25. Ion Lasers: Argon and Krypton Ion Lasers ....................................................................................................................325 Malcolm H. Dunn and Tony Gutierrez 26. Carbon Dioxide Lasers ......................................................................................................................................................337 Denis R. Hall 27. Excimer Lasers: F , N and H Lasers .............................................................................................................................365 2 2 2 W. J. Witteman 28. High-Brightness Excimer Lasers and Extreme Conditions They Produce ..................................................................403 Sándor Szatmári 29. Optically Pumped Mid-IR Lasers: NH , C H .................................................................................................................419 3 2 2 Mary S. Tobin 30. Far-IR Lasers: HCN, H O .................................................................................................................................................433 2 Wilhelm Prettl 31. Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) ............................................................................................................................441 Boris Zhdanov and Randall Knize 32. Chemical Lasers:Section Introduction ............................................................................................................................449 Julian Jones 33. Chemical Lasers: COIL......................................................................................................................................................451 B. D. Barmashenko and S. Rosenwaks 34. Chemical Lasers: HF/DF ...................................................................................................................................................467 Lee H. Sentman 35. Fiber and Waveguide Lasers: Section Introduction .......................................................................................................475 R. C. Powell 36. Fibre Lasers ........................................................................................................................................................................477 Wei Shi, Shijie Fu, and Qiang Fang Contents vii 37. High-Power Fibre Lasers ...................................................................................................................................................489 Christophe A. Codemard and M. N. Zervas 38. Raman Fibre Lasers...........................................................................................................................................................501 Igor Bufetov and Sergey Babin 39. Solitons and Dissipative Solitons for Ultrafast Lasers ....................................................................................................521 Ph Grelu 40. Bismuth-Doped Fibre Lasers and Optical Amplifiers ....................................................................................................535 Evgeny Dianov, Mikhail Melkumov, and Sergei Firstov 41. Erbium and Other Doped Fibre Amplifiers ....................................................................................................................557 Kevin Cordina 42. High-Power Planar Waveguide Lasers ............................................................................................................................571 J. I. Mackenzie and D. P. Shepherd 43. MEMS-Based Swept Laser Source...................................................................................................................................585 John O. Gerguis, Yasser M. Sabry, Haitham Omran, and Diaa Khalil 44. Dye Lasers: Section Introduction .....................................................................................................................................599 Colin Webb 45. Liquid Lasers ......................................................................................................................................................................601 David H. Titterton 46. Solid-State Dye Lasers .......................................................................................................................................................623 David H. Titterton 47. Other Lasers: Section Introduction..................................................................................................................................637 Colin Webb, Subhash Chandra Singh, and Chunlei Guo 48. Free-Electron Lasers and Synchrotron Light Sources...................................................................................................639 P. G. O’Shea and J. B. Murphy 49. X-Ray Lasers .......................................................................................................................................................................653 Jorge J. Rocca 50. Terahertz Lasers ................................................................................................................................................................671 Taiichi Otsuji Index ............................................................................................................................................................................................685 Preface This updated Handbook comes at the time when the world just As the laser shines in modern applications, we added a large celebrated the 60th anniversary of the laser. Compared to most number of new chapters reflecting the most recent advance- fields in science and technology, the laser is still a relatively ments in laser technologies. Throughout the Handbook, young one, but its developments have been astonishing. Today, entirely new sections were added, including sections on mate- hardly any area of modern life is left untouched by lasers, so rials processing, laser spectroscopy and lasers in imaging and it is almost impossible to provide a complete account of this communications. Nearly all chapters in these sections are subject. either entirely new or substantially revised. On the other hand, As challenging as it is, this updated Handbook attempts to some of the topics previously included have seen dwindling provide a comprehensive coverage on modern laser technology relevance today. We had to make the hard decision to let go of and applications, including recent advancements and state-of- some of these outdated chapters from the first edition. Despite the-art research and developments. The main goal of develop- these deletions, this new Handbook still grows significantly ing this Handbook is to provide both an overview and details from the original three volumes to the current four volumes. of ever-expanding technologies and applications in lasers. Bringing this large project to its conclusion is the collec- We want this Handbook to be useful for both newcomers tive efforts of many individuals. It began with the encourage- and experts in lasers. To meet these goals, the chapters in this ment and guidance of Lu Han, the then managing editor of Handbook are typically developed in a style that does not this Handbook. I know how much Lu cared about this proj- require advanced mathematical tools. On the other hand, they ect. I still remember an initial phone call with Lu, we finished are written by the experts in each area so that the most impor- it at a late afternoon past 5 pm. Over the phone, I was told tant concepts and developments are covered. that I would receive the first edition of this Handbook. To my The first edition of the Handbook was released in 2003. It surprise, I had the handbooks in my hand the next morning. has been hugely popular and ranked as one of the top ten most At CRC press, this project was later passed onto Carolina referenced materials by the publisher. Eighteen years later, Antunes and finally to Lara Spieker, who has been essential in although a relatively short period for many more established bringing this project to its conclusion. scientific fields, the Handbook has become outdated, and an Many people have provided me with indispensable help. update is overdue. The rapid changes in lasers are certainly My co-editor, Subhash Chandra Singh, at the University of reinforced by my own experience of teaching and researching Rochester, helped chart the layout of this new edition and the subject in the Institute of Optics at University of Rochester. worked along with me throughout this project. Ying Zhang, Flipping through my old lecture notes on lasers, I am often who was a senior editor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine amazed at how much progress we have witnessed in this field Mechanics, and Physics (CIOMP) in China, spent a half year over the years. with us in Rochester, where his years of professional edito- I am indebted to the editors of the first edition, Colin Webb rial experience helped move this project forward significantly. and Julian Jones, who brought this original Handbook into Lastly, my thanks go to Pavel Redkin of CIOMP, who made existence. When I was asked to take over this second edi- significant contributions in communicating with the chapter tion, it laid before me a daunting task of how to rejuvenate the authors and guiding them throughout the project. Additionally, Handbook while keeping its original flavour. Since many of my appreciation goes to Kai Davies, Sandeep K. Maurya, Xin the fundamental principles of the laser are well established, Wei, and Wenting Sun for their help in this Handbook project. we tried to honour the original authors by keeping the chap- ters on fundamental concepts where possible. If a revision is Chunlei Guo needed, we usually started by asking the original authors for Editor-in-Chief the revision but if impossible, we brought in new authors to University of Rochester revise these chapters. ix
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