EVALUATION OF USAID/PERU’S EDUCATION PROGRAM: APRENDES AND CETT-ANDINO FINAL EVALUATION REPORT April 2010 This publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Peru) under the ABE/BE IQC, Contract Number EDH‐I‐09‐05‐00035‐00. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. EVALUATION OF USAID/PERU’S EDUCATION PROGRAM: APRENDES AND CETT‐ANDINO CONTRACT NUMBER: EDH‐I‐09‐05‐00035‐00 Under ABE/BE IQC Report Submitted to: USAID/Peru Report Prepared By: Marcia Bernbaum, Ph.D. Jose Rivero Herrera Ernesto Schiefelbein, Ph.D. April 2010 The Mitchell Group, Inc. 1816 11th Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20001 Telephone: (202) 745‐1919 Facsimile: (202) 234‐1697 Internet: the‐mitchellgroup.com TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ v I. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 1 A. Evaluation Objectives .................................................................................................. 1 B. Evaluation Methodology .............................................................................................. 1 C. Overview of the Education System and Decentralization in Peru ............................... 2 D. Overview of USAID/Peru’s Education Strategy and Programs ................................... 3 E. Contents of this Report ................................................................................................. 4 II. KEY FINDINGS ................................................................................................................. 6 A. Extent to which Programs Met their Objectives .......................................................... 6 B. Contributions to Improving the Quality of Education in Peru ..................................... 8 C. Factors that Contribute to the Success of the Models. ............................................... 10 D. Limits to the Effective Functioning of the Approaches ............................................. 12 E. Contributions of Experiences and Best Practices ....................................................... 13 F. Efforts to Replicate ..................................................................................................... 15 G. Prospects for Sustainability ........................................................................................ 16 H. Cost-effectiveness ...................................................................................................... 19 I. Support for Regionalization in Peru ........................................................................... 20 J. Contributions to Democratic Behaviors and Respect for Diversity ........................... 25 III. ISSUES .......................................................................................................................... 27 A. AprenDes .................................................................................................................... 27 B. CETT-Andino ............................................................................................................. 28 C. USAID’s New Project, SUMA .................................................................................. 29 IV. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................... 33 A. Improving and Maintaining Quality and Relevance .................................................. 33 B. Ensuring Sustainability .............................................................................................. 33 C. CETT-Andino ............................................................................................................. 34 D. Education Policy Reform and Regionalization: ......................................................... 34 V. LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES........................................................... 35 A. Support of Effective Practices at the School/Community Level ................................ 35 B. Achieving Sustainability with Quality ....................................................................... 37 C. Support of Policy Reform and Regionalization ......................................................... 38 TOPICAL ANNEXES ANNEX A: Questions in Evaluation SOW .............................................................................. 40 ANNEX B: Data Collected ....................................................................................................... 71 ANNEX C: Influence on Public Policy in Peru ........................................................................ 98 ANNEX D: Illistrative Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness .......................................................... 116 ANNEX E: Key Findings for Strategic Program for Learning Results .................................. 126 ANNEX F: Experience from Public Investment Projects ....................................................... 129 ANNEX G: Success Stories .................................................................................................... 156 REFERENCE ANNEXES ANNEX H: Evaluation Questions .......................................................................................... 162 ANNEX I: Individuals Interviewed ........................................................................................ 165 ANNEX J: Documents Consulted .......................................................................................... 173 ANNEX K: Protocols for School Visits ................................................................................. 181 ANNEX L: Interview Protocols.............................................................................................. 217 ACRONYMS ABE/BE Assistance to Basic Education AECI Agency Española de Cooperación Internacional (Spanish International Cooperation Agency) AED Academy for Educational Development ANGR Asamblea National de Gobiernos Regionales (National Assembly for Regional Governments) AprenDes Innovations in Decentralization and Active Schools CEPCO Centro de Estudios y Promoción Comunal del Oriente CETT Centers of Excellence for Teacher Training CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CNE Consejo Nacional de Educación (National Education Council) CONEI Consejo Educativo Institucional COPAL Consejo Participativo Local COPARE Consejo Participativo Regional COTR Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative DRE Dirección General de Educación (Regional Office of Education) GOP Government of Peru GRADE Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (Analysis Group for Development) GTZ German Technical Cooperation IQC Indefinite Quantity Contract IR Intermediate Result ISP Instituto Superior de Educación (Teacher Training Institute) LAC Latin America & the Caribbean LAP Logros de Aprendizaje (Learning Outcomes) LOF Ley Orgánica de Funciones (Law of Organization and Functions) MED Ministry of Education MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance NGO Non Government Organization PAT Plan Annual de Trabajo (Yearly Work Plan) PCM Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros (Presidency of the Council of Ministers) PEI Proyecto Educativo Institucional (School Vision) PELA Programa Estratégico de Logros de Aprendizaje (Strategic Program for Learning Results) PEN Proyecto Educativo Nacional (National Education Project) PER Proyecto Educativo Regional (Regional Education Project) PIP Proyecto de Inversión Pública (Public Investment Project) PLANCAD Plan Nacional de Capacitación Docente PMP Performance Management Plan i PMPE Programa de Mediano Plazo de Educación (Medium Term Education Plan) PROMEB Programa de Mejoramiento de la Educación Básica de Piura (Piura Program to Improve Basic Education) PRONAFCAP Programa Nacional de Formación y Capacitación Permanente (National Program for Ongoing Teacher Formation and Training) SD Secretaría de Descentralización (Decentralization Secretariat) SINEACE Sistema Nacional de Evaluación, Acreditación y Certificación de la Educación Superior (National System for Evaluation, Accreditation, and Certification for Superior Education) SO Strategic Objective TMG The Mitchell Group UGEL Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local (Provincial Education Unit) UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UPCH Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (Cayetano University of Peru) USAID United States Agency for International Development UMC Unidad de Medición de Calidad (Quality Measurement Unit) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The evaluation team would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge and thank the many individuals that made this evaluation possible. Our thanks, to begin with, to the staff in the Education Office of USAID/Peru – Cristina Olive, Fernando Bolaños, and Yolanda Platón – for developing an excellent scope of work for the evaluation and for providing sufficient time for the evaluators to be able to delve into the many topics addressed in the scope of work. Our thanks also to Ms. Olive, Mr. Bolaños, and Dr. Platon for the amount of time they spent with us over the many meetings we held with them. We would also like to extend our thanks to Libertad Barraza, the USAID education office assistant, who helped us to schedule a number of important meetings inside and outside of USAID. We would like to extend a very special thanks to Dr. Platón, who was our direct backstop, for her time, interest and invaluable guidance to us as we carried out the evaluation. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation to the staff of SUMA/former AprenDes and CETT‐Andino and, in particular to: Marita Palacios, Cecilia Ramirez, Teocrito Pinedo, Jaime Niño Diez, Antonieta Harwood, Oscar Mogollón, Marina Solano, Carmen Salazar, and Kristin Brady (SUMA/former AprenDes); as well as Dr. Manuel Bello and Raquel Villaseca (CETT‐ Andino). Thanks to these individuals the team was able to: obtain the documentation that it needed in order to carry out the evaluation; identify and receive support in organizing visits to schools; and answer our many questions posed over the course of many meetings. We would like to extend our thanks to officials and staff from the Ministry of Education (MED), and in particular Vice‐Ministers of Education Idel Vexler and Victor Raul Diaz Chavez, for taking time from their busy schedules to meet with us. In addition we are very grateful to members of the staff and former staff of the office of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PCM), counselors and former counselors as well staff and former staff of the National Education Council (CNE), and staff and former staff of the National Assembly of Regional Governments (ANGR) for taking the time to meet with us, providing excellent insights that were invaluable in carrying out the analyses required to prepare our report. The team also met with many education opinion leaders in Peru, representatives from several donors, and representatives of companies that have agreements with CETT‐Andino. All of these individuals provided invaluable background and insights that were of great use in helping us to come up with our evaluation findings. In the regions, we had the opportunity to meet with several regional presidents, vice‐ presidents, and other staff from the regional governments of San Martin, Ucayali, Amazonas and Junín. We also met with Directors and staff from the Regional Education Offices (DRE) of San Martin, Amazonas and Junin as well as various Provincial Education Offices (UGEL) of San Martin, Piura, and Lima Provinces. Our sincere thanks to them for their time and insights. A real highlight of the evaluation was having the opportunity to visit AprenDes, CETT‐Andino and non‐project primary schools in the regions of Lima, Piura, San Martin, Ucayali where we observed classes and interviewed school directors, teachers, students and parents. This was a iii rich experience and we thank each and every one of the individuals that we met with for their time and contributions. Finally, our sincere thanks to staff of The Mitchell Group (TMG) – Mary Fontaine, Sara Roswurm, Julie Wilson, and Eric Crane for their invaluable backstop support – and to Silvia Macchiotta who in a highly professional fashion made all of our appointments and logistical arrangements in Peru. Marcia Bernbaum Jose Rivero Herrera Ernesto Schiefelbein iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Between November 22 and December 10, 2009 and January 18 and March 3, 2010 a three person team, under contract to The Mitchell Group (TMG), carried out an evaluation of USAID/Peru’s two education programs: Innovations in Decentralization and Active Schools (AprenDes) and the Andean Center for Excellence in Teacher Training (CETT‐ Andino. AprenDes was a $15,450,780 bilateral program that began in early July, 2003 and ended on August 31, 2009. CETT‐Andino was a $14,826,507 regional program, managed by USAID/Peru that covered Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru and was part of a broader Latin America regional initiative. CETT‐ Andino began in 2002 and ended on January 31, 2010; approximately half of the funding was for Peru. The evaluation focused on CETT‐Andino’s activities in Peru. The principal evaluation objectives were to: (1) Determine to what extent the two USAID education projects achieved their respective objectives; (2) Determine the prospects for their sustainability and their further replication; (3) Document lessons learned and best practices as a contribution to the development knowledge in education; (4) Determine the extent of technical and programmatic synergy between the two; and (5) Identify success stories based on evaluation findings. Accompanying these five objectives were 31 questions. Several focused on both programs. There were also specific questions for AprenDes and CETT‐Andino. In order to address the evaluation objectives and answer the specific questions members of the evaluation team visited 25 primary schools: 12 AprenDes, 10 CETT‐Andino, and 3 non‐project schools. They also reviewed materials designed for teachers, teacher training curricula, student guides, program evaluations, case studies, and systematizations along with many other reference documents. The team interviewed a total of 240 individuals including: students, teachers, parents, community leaders, regional government staff including education staff in four regions (San Martin, Ucayali, Amazonas, and Junín), education opinion leaders in Lima, senior staff and technical staff from the Ministry of Education (MED), the National Education Council (CNE), the Ministry of Education & Finance (MEF), the office of the President of the Council of Ministers (PCM), the National Assembly of Regional Governments (ANGR), and staff from USAID/Peru. In addition, the evaluation team reviewed over 170 documents. A brief overview of AprenDes and CETT‐Andino AprenDes was designed as USAID/Peru’s principal vehicle for implementing its “Local Management of Quality Basic Education” strategic objective. This objective focuses on influencing policy and management practices to support decentralization of the education system and assure strong local management of quality basic education in selected geographic areas. AprenDes was designed and carried out through a Cooperative Agreement with the Academy for Educational Development (AED) in priority regions of Peru that were identified based on the broader objective of the USAID Mission which focused activities on the seven coca‐growing regions of Peru and as part of USAID/Peru’s response to a sweeping decentralization law that went into effect in late 2002. AprenDes developed an innovative model to strengthen decentralized management of primary public education working closely v with Peru’s new regions created under the decentralization law, complemented with a pedagogical approach to improving learning, participation, and democratic behavior in rural, multi‐grade schools. AprenDes, working with schools for up to five years, benefitted more than 16,577 students and 811 teachers from 364 communities, and 10,000 parents to participate in their children’s education. The CETT‐Andino program, which covers Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, began in 2002 as part of a broader Latin America regional initiative of former President Bush. The program focuses on improving reading and writing instruction at the primary level, with a focus on grades 1 – 3, to reduce high rates of illiteracy and school underachievement. In Peru, CETT‐Andino has trained 5,777 teachers, 939 principals, through one and two‐year programs, and has benefitted 163,809 primary school students since 2003. Schools are located primarily in Lima (poor and peri‐urban and rural communities), Callao, Cuzco, Piura, and Ucayali. The project is implemented in partnership with the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) based in Lima. Quality and cost‐effectiveness of the AprenDes and CETT‐Andino programs The evaluators were very impressed with both programs from a technical perspective. Both, for the most part, have developed excellent materials based on solid pedagogical underpinnings; effective training programs, and accompaniment to teachers in their classrooms and schools to assist them to implement what they have learned in the training programs. The two programs differ in that CETT‐Andino focuses on improving reading in early grades primarily in larger urban and rural schools where each teacher has one grade; while AprenDes is a comprehensive program that works in rural multi grade schools covering all primary grades, all subjects, with strong linkages with parents and community members and is part of a larger regional initiative. However, both share many important aspects in common that are examples of good pedagogy. These include: teachers who are themselves treated with respect and who have a horizontal relationship with their students; comprehensive teacher training programs that include: workshops, accompaniment in the classroom, teacher circles to share experiences and problem solve, and visits to other schools; a focus on reading fluency based on a similar approach to reading; and teachers who are encouraged to constantly reflect on and improve their performance. Special characteristics of the AprenDes program include: interactive guides that permit children to learn in a cooperative fashion and at the group’s own pace; the emphasis given to Municipios Escolares to encourage student leadership, decision‐making and cooperative behavior; and the active role of parents in classrooms and in the formation of CONEIs (organizations comprised of the Director, student representatives, parents, and community members that play an important role overseeing the school including identifying needs and addressing them); the formation of networks among schools; and the availability of resource centers (CRA) that teachers can use. vi
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