OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 ESSENTIALS OF ERROR-CONTROL CODING Jorge Castiñeira Moreira UniversityofMardelPlata,Argentina Patrick Guy Farrell LancasterUniversity,UK iii OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 ii OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 ESSENTIALS OF ERROR-CONTROL CODING i OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 ii OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 ESSENTIALS OF ERROR-CONTROL CODING Jorge Castiñeira Moreira UniversityofMardelPlata,Argentina Patrick Guy Farrell LancasterUniversity,UK iii OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 Copyright(cid:2)C 2006 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone (+44)1243779777 Email(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemor transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningor otherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofa licenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyLtd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK, withoutthepermissioninwritingofthePublisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothe PermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO19 8SQ,England,[email protected],orfaxedto(+44)1243770620. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesand productnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheir respectiveowners.ThePublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmatter covered.ItissoldontheunderstandingthatthePublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.If professionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. OtherWileyEditorialOffices JohnWiley&SonsInc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Jossey-Bass,989MarketStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94103-1741,USA Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH,Boschstr.12,D-69469Weinheim,Germany JohnWiley&SonsAustraliaLtd,42McDougallStreet,Milton,Queensland4064,Australia JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PteLtd,2ClementiLoop#02-01,JinXingDistripark,Singapore129809 JohnWiley&SonsCanadaLtd,6045FreemontBlvd,Mississauga,ONT,L5R4J3,Canada Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay notbeavailableinelectronicbooks. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN-13 978-0-470-02920-6(HB) ISBN-10 0-470-02920-X(HB) Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyTechBooks,NewDelhi,India. PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,England. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestryinwhichatleasttwo treesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction. iv OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 Wededicatethisbookto mysonSantiagoJosé, MelisaandBelén, Maria,Isabel,AlejandraandDaniel, andthememoryofmyFather. J.C.M. andtoallmyfamiliesandfriends. P.G.F. v OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 vi OTE/SPH OTE/SPH JWBK102-FM JWBK102-Farrell June19,2006 18:0 CharCount=0 Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv ListofSymbols xvii Abbreviations xxv 1 InformationandCodingTheory 1 1.1 Information 3 1.1.1 AMeasureofInformation 3 1.2 EntropyandInformationRate 4 1.3 ExtendedDMSs 9 1.4 ChannelsandMutualInformation 10 1.4.1 InformationTransmissionoverDiscreteChannels 10 1.4.2 InformationChannels 10 1.5 ChannelProbabilityRelationships 13 1.6 TheAPrioriandAPosterioriEntropies 15 1.7 MutualInformation 16 1.7.1 MutualInformation:Definition 16 1.7.2 MutualInformation:Properties 17 1.8 CapacityofaDiscreteChannel 21 1.9 TheShannonTheorems 22 1.9.1 SourceCodingTheorem 22 1.9.2 ChannelCapacityandCoding 23 1.9.3 ChannelCodingTheorem 25 1.10 SignalSpacesandtheChannelCodingTheorem 27 1.10.1 CapacityoftheGaussianChannel 28 1.11 Error-ControlCoding 32 1.12 LimitstoCommunicationandtheirConsequences 34 BibliographyandReferences 38 Problems 38 vii