English vocabulary in use: advanced: vocabulary reference and practice: with answers

303 Pages·2017·6.78 MB·English

by  McCarthy

ENGLISH M
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VOCABULARY r
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IN USE a
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The words you need to communicate with confidence. ’D
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Advanced e
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M Vocabulary explanations and practice for advanced level (C1-C2) learners
of English. Perfect for both self-study and classroom activities. E
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• Expand your vocabulary with easy to understand explanations and L
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v practice exercises. S
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• Learn words in context, with 101 different topics, including ‘Applying
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d for a job’, ‘Illness’ and ‘Easily confused words’. O
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a • Be confident about what you are learning, thanks to Cambridge
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d research into how English is really spoken and written. U
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e • Remember words more effectively with lots of opportunities for A Vocabulary
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personalised practice.
Y reference and
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y Also inside is a code for an ebook*. With the ebook you can:
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u • listen to new words as well as reading them S
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c • bookmark pages, highlight text and add notes to help you remember
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V words.
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sh ith Third Edition
li *The ebook has the same content as the printed book and works on Macs, PCs and e
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n tablets. Online version for Windows and Mac (requires Chrome browser). Downloadable o
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version for iOS and Android tablets (requires free Cambridge Bookshelf app). Instructions k Advanced
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On0ybhki esEoD . - nBi sE Ti d loi- d liga d o ogaR dad oy R,odnaoyt,ornostrlts0English Pronunciation in UseAdvancediuHewingsltEnglish Pronunciation in UseAdvanced 0htPuiHewings f htifPOi if if Oa iPt iIoaPIs tsi oofrS0as acSe ofr0aoiercgto iDBlreMsgBthfDleMsshnofnse ponN0nnN1e p 0ne arnreh aar nrh E ard9Eh 9M rd Mep huAE l AEtep– ute7lm7t n–aEpaebdhmapf ndpbn npunf8raonlv8nra nuvraol ta’irtan aa’ii rnygic0ragnnoirf0 ycnngbrrosnf egbrc son cie H o SleofHrita el5 oeefa5rta nieeali dneedll budlio2siFve2swl udloanitwivumntns ie1uomnh1su heioistiuinminsn tnJ oimb n J:uo6gsdia6g:unsAhdiannsAhn1so1enc1nconeececnd9eeu 9nsd e smcnsSo mm5ctns5ao detPScadchScsiPc6lech6lsiaie cialie silfnsa fes -on aas- o1iesror1 ihasr ooieStroihtulisotaluoprigsodtainmdprtfmgornunyutfyhra nau dI ’uha autdia ’ils nnt is i0sani e n eds o edipcreeo bipcrvetebv potua pocunanoagseuxacn9780521619561 HEWINGS: EPIU ADVANCED CVR CMYBLKoae9780521619561 HEWINGS: EPIU ADVANCED CVR CMYBLKsexacgnenhcnnrnhcMne np.orle np.ctonrltpstaokpcstaw okcp eyw pe e eesrprin eisrpn 7ircolerrcaotaleorsxatadetsxresetroet fseocftsiAtoeOctsito t c it circrn i irtawonni taowzyoniaonzi aicwil icen rnnysnu wnrnnoyssuwpnosslsd ssU medp i m:edn pr p:no rpCdpo t–dti –a d fa cahhrecyhhtorgpeyo6 gpOs nkivsnikehlooleitlroolelta,i llca ,dili adun i viaun i vaicti Ecffitann as fincnes irec esire rpa op Dea goe Deala sgtealt’tpdteyhpnlymhis3nslnhmiscsnhndc nHrdc o Drs o rs edeloeade oidea i ren insnsn nsn siosn n isontcstdoAtydshhoAy esfu w dfu cditmlecat aimledea aheEd7ohncce ohnoe fiyoenfiysongso ybecvtg ebescvtnsodbnodybe ioy e io leeyuiian ouineiandN rroeltrlptptsyneln itsysneon ioi7vthi vth wdo w d oo heoNheararnsens sae s ae snZsngZ g sapsapueuuuededee6mismiaswacdwcdwItaeotaeoassr! rr! r t dtdo oooy ryfEf 4 yd ni rptiocn UPlc•••••TSp eo lcehrDictionaryDictionaryMCambridgeaCambridgeravEEndd11orni8i8oPronouncingePronouncingtitttiihheosotsnnlne aeLeLtPaUsIcslc IudmSb hducCCoroEPDnEPDeixco(DeJDeJraaBddnnniiasatoteeheeC n noedSdSanenntaNurterem fiiebwbtteeddiptityayaetell drPrP o o coiJceJe&& ototo1crg eg eec9rJeJnrrnwonotv d vRhmeRhmrteteonnonnerc7ssap an mhElEltcc-iiisshkhnollia,8,dii ienin oioahgoigioCirtsas saa ff ss0a vbbtnsnrtischhewt uut 2tneree5aoeteti,saoaohWWrr er2nnio i)iatst sdchh rresr1w iia y C Cmsccyn DdDd ,yey.lannto1--11 R R oie8ip8OOiioe5titomMhMhnnnnn ggr dn nvaeE2Evaeutddeuiri5ggeettcciiis soaosxro3dnaBndrhthre t ncu 2ripw todk poresuise oeule fe.wrsat iacnd rttoecrel.ilsnadhyle oentnvped aioi seaoeoodunr osdtkrAAECfronrfvnn i a,sl w ENAyolD nEyet css cdlnMnbaVG nroiu osiweitaa nAgnsnL gnfBnh eaot,ywilNdIsl cRnt iivSai aausoi hidcisCHaeIdnHuauh Dronh cEic6e egt d.lhGln VDrna ti0wa. e PoieooEOvbT on capeGrudinde fuClct rE reaRn rhsdre hAewsfeNBe snsAeir inpBtsaff GrodcrMaosteiUiteamitLrrst sfieopM kLio r,Irfssf cwStefoprscAtrAnh ahnodH,eneorlR sR ec i e xEc bTa oYtnhP t oape Idn‘ niohdciNelRIn csligNgcdldtaoasefe O duEhUlir itr nw i nU Ni d efa s SfnweetisaoE oSnhniOshndEmnetntrrEpl o oUei laaongmB oaf on mNrA-cnE asdbnisiklaacDniCdddgtvosmentealtgIudV a, aiN’nrnso osrAidieibengilv oG tltn ENaxoyplcs.iiub elado.nr eDCseeaia iekmugadtaEsIsnrtnChisluat DkieidpihTo’setlds lI -nhO e .is asos,s N ne..w aAdlinRl tidhYn g AdvancedENGLISH PRONUNCIATION IN USEMartin Hewings PSclealsIAEEEfS ddD cBBNNNlRersia-NsseiGGGo emNCvXcstXLLLpe ortabOEeIIIsvevrSSSto eWrirVasdHHH rEu tii g nE rlmL oPCVaoesReOOobH.indoFagNaOrCLlmgRerehrrAgLuenAII: ytA /OeBrsiSDNnbd d CUGrAhge eevALeuLati EsaTt Alo IuiIepSnVdIs LROBlrn s OEctNlosYNesUNoeNC RhXu .aeXdSIadBrNOrIwE pnMSIs WSNiVSeUin mIn gNS rUE pi E clSRHUESl oheAESeN DaEaArUV p EIa•••••• DcAt dApnlo VsDiNgsrnAoaoV lCpt N 6h e Bu Pd P tiAbaIPHesySEbrx0aserraChIceBNnirpeooaDe mnvNseh eEMAtlIiuClNCmvmf eeddpcsX auDeaiswEtXdleai sdsOpolohEerpoNDn l yhie aoyp ltdamalWmat-eVNeeysonnt t sgdm f s s orsud vi doeEaea s e-gria G osretnanru R no cl aesrcw vudsotUteoiklloeevgae air edsent ininpbvstedshx awalcseuln p e eAmrtecandsoClauo daos ai t aro-rnaro.v maipinadnfafsdmHn aoli ermsnin-agegro s ncwibg meaoeosdme ey e lonhuiodua osLwlrl anf ftnpe kim -awibsdrIpiasoic.itt tiitsrtarns tfnuattn as .i hevg cadn elIiwUnoliAd teb yrssEtin csiic oaynortlwa eeaephnugmb ivft idgteltsecu dei hstx rstarslhl eue heaa eplsaigr dI.nrrscrocrieyr yocesTliko se etpb ntepreev irota nprrsweeeoe n salxlsoaS.ska detnanerS ns nfndnp n orgutdi riturneuIgase fdsagiahcdonad gttna.lggi- levcOnhoo ea setdatw hno tebn ooe-c seodu exr hhnotp pdpe Hiskt lg-atleuaEl pahbegxirCs nlveeutsiEkNseegts Ftts u .ldhahi. tdl tCnee oicedn anm1an gr cntnl–o els ees Cftart-s 2r. AdvancedENGLISH IDIOMS IN USEO’Dell and McCarthy 6SrScel0eeaf lceusfo-srnsneritotndusoc d Eeomdy fa ivuatnoinsdoEecd npa brauclatircyNe IIFMAeDiNcdliGhcviateyal OIMn ’LDcOcCeUeallrdtIhMySSHES AAEENNlDsVGGoALL aNIIvSSCaHHEi lPIDaDbR GIOlOeRMN A USM NIMNCA IUARST IIEON AN UD ISNVEA UNSCEE ADDVANCED Advanced MFeiclihciateyl OM’DcCeallrthy
0 ISBN 978 1 107 53930 3 ISBN 978 1 108 40349 8 ISBN 978 1 316 62973 4
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6
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3
1 Better Learning is our simple approach where

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7 deeper insights help shape richer content that
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Discover more:
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ENGLISH
VOCABULARY
IN USE
Vocabulary
reference and
practice
with answers
and ebook
Third Edition
Advanced
Michael McCarthy
Felicity O’Dell
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA
477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
4843/24, 2nd Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, Delhi – 110002, India
79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906
Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.
It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/elt
© Cambridge University Press 2017
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2002
Third Edition 2017
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in Dubai by Oriental Press
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-131663006-8 Edition with answers and ebook
ISBN 978-131663117-1 Edition with answers
ISBN 978-131663118-8 ebook
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy
of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other
factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but
Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information
thereafter.
Contents
Thanks 5 Travel
Introduction 6 25 On the road: traffic and driving 56
26 Travel and accommodation 58
Work and study
27 Attracting tourists 60
1 Cramming for success: study and
academic work 8
The environment
2 Education: debates and issues 10
28 Describing the world 62
3 Applying for a job 12
29 Weather and climate 64
4 Job interviews 14
30 Brick walls and glass ceilings 66
5 At work: colleagues and routines 16
31 Taking root and reaping rewards 68
6 At work: job satisfaction 18
32 The animal kingdom 70
7 At work: careers 20
33 Our endangered world 72
People and relationships
Society and institutions
8 Describing people: positive and
34 Here to help: customer service 74
negative qualities 22
35 Authorities: customs and police 76
9 Describing people: appearance
and mannerisms 24 36 Beliefs 78
10 Describing people: personality and 37 Festivals in their cultural context 80
character traits 26
38 Talking about language 82
11 Relationships: friends forever 28
39 History: since the dawn of civilisation 84
12 Relationships: ups and downs 30
40 The haves and the have-nots 86
13 Emotions and reactions 32
41 British politics 88
14 Negative feelings 34
42 International politics 90
15 Birth and death: from cradle to grave 36
43 The letter of the law 92
Leisure and lifestyle 44 War and peace 94
16 Free time: relaxation and leisure 38 45 Economy and finance 96
17 All the rage: clothes and fashion 40 46 Personal finance: making ends
meet 98
18 Home styles, lifestyles 42
19 Socialising and networking 44 The media
20 The performance arts: reviews 47 The media: in print 100
and critiques 46
48 The media: internet and email 102
21 The visual arts 48
49 Advertising 104
22 Talking about books 50
50 The news: gathering and
23 Food: a recipe for disaster 52 delivering 106
24 Dinner’s on me: entertaining and
eating out 54
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced 3
Health 79 Academic writing: making sense 164
51 Healthcare 108 80 Academic writing: text structure 166
52 Illness: feeling under the weather 110 81 Writing: style and format 168
53 Medical language 112 82 Whatchamacallit: being indirect 170
54 Diet, sport and fitness 114 83 Give or take: more vague
expressions 172
Technology
84 The way you say it 174
55 Industries: from manufacturing
to service 116 Words and meanings
56 Technology and its impact 118 85 Abbreviations and acronyms 176
57 Technology of the future 120 86 Prefixes: creating new meanings 178
58 Energy: from fossil fuels to 87 Suffixes: forming new words 180
windmills 122
88 Word-building and
word-blending 182
Basic concepts
89 English: a global language 184
59 Space: no room to swing a cat 124
90 Easily confused words 186
60 Time: once in a blue moon 126
91 One word, many meanings 188
61 Motion: taking steps 128
62 Manner: behaviour and body Fixed expressions and
language 130 figurative language
63 Sounds: listen up! 132 92 Collocation: which words go
together 190
64 Weight and density 134
65 All the colours of the rainbow 136 93 Metaphor: seeing the light 192
66 Speed: fast and slow 138 94 Idioms for everyday situations
and feelings 194
67 Cause and effect 140
95 Brushing up on phrasal verbs 196
68 Spot the difference: making
comparisons 142 96 Connotation: making associations 198
69 Difficulties and dilemmas 144 Language variation
70 Modality: expressing facts, 97 Register: degrees of formality 200
opinions, desires 146
98 Divided by a common language 202
71 Number: statistics and quantity 148
99 Language and gender 204
Functional vocabulary 100 In the headlines 206
72 Permission: getting the go-ahead 150 101 Red tape 208
73 Complaining and protesting 152
Answer key 210
74 Apology, regret and reconciliation 154
75 A pat on the back: complimenting Phonemic symbols 276
and praising 156
Index 277
76 Promises and bets 158
77 Reminiscences and regrets 160 Acknowledgements 299
78 Agreement, disagreement
Enhanced ebook 301
and compromise 162
4 English Vocabulary in Use Advanced
TThhaannkkss and acknowledgements
Joy Godwin wrote two units for the Third Edition: Unit 3, Applying for a job, and Unit 4,
Job interviews. The publishers would like to thank Joy for her contribution to this edition.
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced 5
Introduction
To the student
This book has been written to help you expand your vocabulary at the advanced level. You already
know thousands of English words, but to express yourself fully and in a sophisticated way at the
advanced level, you will ideally need between 6,000 and 8,000 words, so increasing your vocabulary
is very important for your general progress in English, as well as for any academic, professional or
vocational needs you may have where English plays an important role. At the advanced level, as well
as learning new words, you will need to learn more about the subtle connotations of words, aspects
of register and style and how words combine into collocations, compounds and fixed phrases. In
this book, there are over 3,000 new words and expressions for you to learn. You will find them on the
left-hand page of each unit. Every new word or phrase is used in a sentence, or in a conversation, or
is in a table, or has a picture with it, or has some explanation of what it means. On the right-hand
page there are exercises and other activities to help you practise using the words and to help you
to remember them. Where our research shows that learners frequently make errors, we give you
advice on how to avoid the most common ones, as well as other useful language tips. The book has
been written so that you can use it yourself, without a teacher. You can do the units in any order you
like, but we have grouped them into themes, so you might wish to work through several units on a
particular area of vocabulary before moving to a new one.
The Answer key at the end of the book is for you to check your answers to the exercises after you
do them. The key sometimes has more than one answer. This is because often there is not just
one correct way of saying something. Where you are asked to talk about yourself, in the Over
to you activities, we do not provide answers, since this is your opportunity to work completely
independently and in a very personal way, so everyone’s answer will be very different.
The Index at the end of the book has all the important words and phrases from the left-hand pages.
The Index also tells you how to pronounce words. There is a table of phonemic symbols to help you
understand the pronunciation on page 276.
You should also have a dictionary with you when you use the book. You can use a paper dictionary,
an electronic one, or you can go to Cambridge Dictionaries Online at http://dictionary.cambridge.org.
Access to a dictionary is useful because sometimes you may want to check the meaning of something
or find a word in your own language to help you remember the English word. Sometimes, you will
also need a dictionary for the exercises; we tell you when this is so.
To learn a lot of vocabulary, you have to do two things:
1 Study each unit of the book carefully and do all the exercises. Check your answers in the key.
Repeat the units after a month, and then again after three months, and see how much you have
learnt and how much you have forgotten. Repeating work is very important.
2 Develop ways of your own to study and learn new words and phrases which are not in this
book. For example, every time you see or hear an interesting phrase, write it in a notebook,
and write who said it or wrote it, and in what situation, as well as what it means. Making notes
of the situations words are used in will help you to remember them and to use them at the
right moment.
We hope you like this book. You can also go to the other books in the series which have more
specialised titles: English Idioms in Use, English Phrasal Verbs in Use and English Collocations in Use,
which are available at advanced level, as well as Academic Vocabulary in Use. Find out more at the
Vocabulary in Use website: www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
6 English Vocabulary in Use Advanced
To the teacher
This book can be used in class or as a self-study book. It is intended to take learners from an
upper-intermediate level of vocabulary to an advanced level. The vocabulary has been chosen
for its usefulness in everyday situations, and we consulted the Cambridge English Corpus,
a billion-word-plus written and spoken corpus of present-day English which includes a huge learner
corpus, to help us decide on the words and phrases to be included and to help us understand the
typical problems learners encounter at the advanced level. We also consulted the English Vocabulary
Profile to make sure that the words in the book are a representative sample of vocabulary that is
typical of the Common European Framework levels C1 and C2. Visit the English Vocabulary Profile at
www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
At the advanced level, as well as learning a large number of new words and expressions, learners
are often directing their efforts towards academic, professional or vocational needs, and so we
have tried to offer a modern, sophisticated vocabulary that will underpin their work in other areas.
The new vocabulary (on average 40 items per unit) is presented with explanations on the left-hand
page, and there are exercises and activities on the right-hand page. There is an Answer key and an
Index with pronunciation for all the target vocabulary. The key at the end of the book is for students
to check their answers to the exercises after they do them. The key sometimes has more than one
answer. This is because often there is not just one correct way of saying something. Where students
are asked to talk about themselves, in the Over to you activities, we do not provide answers, since
this gives learners the opportunity to work completely independently and in a very personal way,
so everyone’s answer will be very different.
The book focuses not just on single words, but on useful phrases and collocations, and the vocabulary
is illustrated in natural contexts. The book is organised around everyday topics, but also has units
devoted to basic concepts such as time, modality, manner and varieties and style. Typical errors are
indicated where appropriate, based on information from the Cambridge Learner Corpus, and the
most typical meanings and uses are focused on for each key item.
The right-hand pages offer a variety of different types of activities, some traditional ones such as
gap-filling, but also more open-ended ones and personalised activities which enable learners to talk
about their own lives. Although the activities and exercises are designed for self-study, they can be
easily adapted for pairwork, groupwork or whole-class activities in the usual way.
When the learners have worked through a group of units, it is a good idea to repeat some of the work
(for example, the exercises) and to expand on the meaning and use of key words and phrases by
extra discussion in class, and find other examples of the key items in other texts and situations. This
can be done at intervals of one to three months after first working on a unit. This is important, since
it is usually the case that a learner needs five to seven exposures to a word or phrase before they can
really begin to know it, and no single book can do enough to ensure that words are always learnt
first time. It is especially important at the advanced level to discuss in detail the meanings and uses
of words and phrases and how they combine and collocate with one another.
Your students can also consult the more specialised higher level books in this series: the advanced
levels of English Idioms in Use, English Phrasal Verbs in Use and English Collocations in Use, or they
may wish to work on academic vocabulary by using Academic Vocabulary in Use, all by the same
authors as this book. They can also test themselves on the knowledge they have gained from this
and the other books in the series by using the separate books of tests that accompany the series.
You can find out more at the Vocabulary in Use website: www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
We hope you enjoy using the book.
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced 7
Cramming for success: study and
1
academic work
A Study and exams
1 study in a very concentrated way
Before an exam, some students cram1 for a short time
for it. Even if you’re a genius2, you’ll 2 an exceptionally clever person
have to do some revision. If the exam 3 exam papers from previous years
happens every year, you can revise by 4 learning purely by repetition
looking at past papers3. Some things
5 /niˈmɒnɪks/ tricks that help
can be memorised or learnt (off ) by
you remember something, for
heart. But rote-learning4 is not suff icient
example: ‘i’ before ‘e’ except aft er
for most subjects. It is also possible to
‘c’ is a mnemonic for English
use mnemonics5. However, all things spelling (e.g. friend, but receive)
considered, the best idea is to bury 6 spend the maximum time
yourself in your books6 and to study studying
intensively7 until you know the subject 7 in a very focused way
inside out8. 8 know it completely
B Academic writing
composition could be just 50–100 words, oft en used for school work
essay longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or thousands of words
assignment a long essay, oft en part of a course, usually thousands of words
project like an assignment, but emphasis on student’s own material and topic
portfolio a collection of individual pieces of work; may include drawings and other examples of
creative work as well as writing
dissertation a long, research-based work, perhaps 10–15,000 words, for a degree or diploma
thesis a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80–100,000 words, for a higher degree (e.g. PhD)
It’s a good idea to start with a mind map1 when preparing an essay. Always write a first draft 2
before writing up the final version. Your essay should be all your own work; plagiarism3 is a very
serious off ence in colleges and universities. It is an increasing problem because it is so easy to cut
and paste from materials available on the internet, and students have to sign a plagiarism form
to say that the work they are handing in is all their own and that they acknowledge4 any sources
they have used. There is usually a deadline5. Aft er the essay is submitted6, it will be assessed7
and usually you can get feedback8.
1 diagram that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another 2 first, rough version
3 /(cid:31)pled(cid:25)ərzəm/ using other people’s work as if it was yours 4 give details of 5 date by which you must hand
in the work 6 handed in; formal 7 evaluated and given a grade 8 comments from the teacher/tutor
C Aspects of higher academic study
1 less formal is do research
2 magazines with academic
HOME FACULTY RESEARCH
articles (we do not use
University academics carry out research1 and are expected to read academic the word magazine to talk
journals2, which publish papers/articles on specialised subjects. If a library about this kind of academic
does not have a copy of a book or journal, you may be able to access it online3 publication)
or you can usually get it through an inter-library loan4. Open educational 3 get hold of (it) on the internet
resources5 are particularly convenient for many students. Academic study can 4 system where libraries
be very demanding, and some students drop out6, but the majority survive till
exchange books/journals with
finals7 and become well-qualified8 members of their future professions.
one another
5 online materials that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere 6 leave the course before the
end 7 last exams before the end of a college or university course 8 with the right formal qualifications
8 English Vocabulary in Use Advanced