Energy-Efficient Underwater Wireless Communications and Networking

362 Pages·2020·13.601 MB·English

by  Luxmi Sapra (editor), Jasminder Kaur Sandhu (editor)

Energy-Efficient
Underwater Wireless
Communications and
Networking
Nitin Goyal
Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Chitkara University, Punjab, India
Luxmi Sapra
Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Chitkara University, Punjab, India
Jasminder Kaur Sandhu
Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Chitkara University, Punjab, India
A volume in the Advances in Environmental
Engineering and Green Technologies (AEEGT)
Book Series
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Goyal, Nitin, 1986- editor. | Sapra, Luxmi, 1978- editor. | Sandhu,
Jasminder Kaur, 1984- editor.
Title: Energy-efficient underwater wireless communications and networking /
Nitin Goyal, Luxmi Sapra, and Jasminder Kaur Sandhu, editors.
Description: Hershey, PA : Engineering Science Reference, [2020] | Includes
bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book covers
existing and future possibilities of the area as well as the current
challenges presented in the implementation of underwater sensor
networks”-- Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019057525 (print) | LCCN 2019057526 (ebook) | ISBN
9781799836407 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781799836414 (paperback) | ISBN
9781799836421 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Wireless sensor networks--Energy conservation. | Signals
and signaling, Submarine.
Classification: LCC TK7872.D48 E535 2020 (print) | LCC TK7872.D48 (ebook)
| DDC 006.2/5--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019057525
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019057526

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Editorial Advisory Board
SachinAhuja,Chitkara University, India
LalitKumarAwasthi,NIT Jalandhar, India
MayankDave,NIT Kurukshetra, India
SanjayKumarDhurandher,NSUT, India
YunyoungNam,SoonchunhyangUniversity,Asan,SouthKorea
SeifedineKadry,BeirutArabUniversity,Lebanon
RakeshKumar,Central University of Haryana, India
AmitaMalik,DCRUST, India
SanjayKumarMalik,SRM University, India
AmarjeetPrajapati,JIIT, India
AjayKumarSharma,IKGPTU, India
SachinKumarGupta,ShriMataVaishnoDeviUniversity,KatraJ&K,India
AmanSingh,LPU Jalandhar, India
KhoaThi-MinhTran,Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
AnilKumarVerma,Thapar University, India
IsaacWoungang,Ryerson University, Canada
KumarShashvat,Bharti Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, India

Table of Contents
Foreword............................................................................................................................................xvii
Preface.................................................................................................................................................xix
Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................xxiii
Chapter 1
RoutingProtocolDesignIssuesandChallengesinUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetwork...................1
Monika Choudhary, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Nitin Goyal, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Chapter 2
QualityEnhancementinUnderwaterSensorNetworksThroughNodeDeploymentPlans:A
Performance-BasedClassification........................................................................................................16
Anju Sangwan, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Anupma Sangwan, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Deepti Rani, Chandigarh University, India
Rishi Pal Singh, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Chapter 3
RecentandFutureNodeDeploymentStrategiesintheUnderwaterSensorNetwork(UWSN)..........34
Krishna Pandey, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, India
Manish Kumar, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, India
Chapter 4
UnderwaterLocalizationTechniques....................................................................................................45
Manisha Bharti, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Poonam Rani Verma, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Chapter 5
DataFusioninUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetworksandOpenResearchChallenges.....................67
Kalpna Guleria, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Saira Banu Atham, HKBK College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

Ashok Kumar, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara

University, Punjab, India

Chapter 6
CongestionControlProtocolsforUWSNs...........................................................................................85
Tanvika Garg, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Manisha Bharti, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Chapter 7
AReviewofRecentIssuesandChallengesofFaultManagementTechniquesinUnderwater
WirelessSensorNetwork....................................................................................................................101
Nonita Sharma, Dr. B. R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
Krishna Pal Sharma, Dr. B. R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
Rajneesh Rani, Dr. B. R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
Chapter 8
FirewallinUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetworks............................................................................120
Manni Kumar, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Osho Gupta, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Shikha Rani, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Chapter 9
ErrorControlandReliableDataDeliveryinUWSNs........................................................................131
Sneha Singh, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Manisha Bharti, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Chapter 10
HigherDataRateTransmissionforUnderwaterWirelessSensorCommunicationsUsing
Industrial,Scientific,andMedical(ISM)Bands................................................................................155
Manish Sharma, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Chapter 11
SecureCommunicationTechniquesforUnderwaterWSNs...............................................................171
Esha Rani, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, India
Vikas Juneja, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
Chapter 12
CyberAttacksandCyberSecurityinUnderwaterCommunication...................................................187
Sachin Umrao, Yale University, USA
Chapter 13
MachineLearningTechniquesforUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetworks:AComprehensive
Study...................................................................................................................................................194
Deepti Rani, Chandigarh University, India
Anju Sangwan, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Anupma Sangwan, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Tajinder Singh, University of Information Science and Technology, Macedonia

Chapter 14
DeepReinforcementLearningMethodsforEnergy-EfficientUnderwaterWirelessNetworking......212
Ahmed Ali Saihood, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq
Laith Alzubaidi, University of Information Technology and Communications, Iraq
Chapter 15
RelaibilityinUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetworks.........................................................................224
Gaurav Sharma, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Insitute of Engineering and Technology, India
Shilpi Harnal, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Insitute of Engineering and Technology, India
Neha Miglani, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Savita Khurana, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Insitute of Engineering and Technology, India
Chapter 16
Real-TimeDataTransferinMarineEnvironmentMonitoringApplications......................................247
Renu Popli, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Isha Kansal, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Kanwal Garg, Department of Computer Science and Applications, Kurukshetra University, India
Chapter 17
DemurandRoutingProtocolsWithapplicationinUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetworksfor
SmartCity...........................................................................................................................................262
Arun Kumar, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
Sharad Sharma, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
Chapter 18
IssuesinUnderwaterCablesDeploymentbyRiskAnalysis...............................................................279
Jitender Grover, École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), Canada
Chapter 19
SmartCityinUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetworks........................................................................287
Saira Banu Atham, HKBK College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
Kalpna Guleria, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Compilation of References...............................................................................................................302
About the Contributors....................................................................................................................332
Index...................................................................................................................................................338
Detailed Table of Contents
Foreword............................................................................................................................................xvii
Preface.................................................................................................................................................xix
Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................xxiii
Chapter 1
RoutingProtocolDesignIssuesandChallengesinUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetwork...................1
Monika Choudhary, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Nitin Goyal, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Anunderwaterwirelesssensornetwork(UWSN)isagroupofspatiallydistributedsensorsformonitoring
thephysicalchangesofunderwaterenvironmentandorganizethemeasureddataatabasestation.Out
ofmanybigchallengesinthisfield,networkprotocoldesignisofgreatconcernduetotheidiosyncratic
natureofunderwaterenvironment.Asunderwatersensornetworksareverymuchdistinctinnaturefrom
terrestrialnetworksoasthechallenges,someofthemajorissuesofconcerninunderwaterenvironment
arelongpropagationdelay,availablebandwidth,errorrate,restrictedbatterypower,movementofsensor
nodes,etc.Becauseofalltheseissuesandchallenges,theroutingprotocolsforterrestrialnetworkcan’t
beimplementedinUWSNs.Hence,thereisdemandfornewanddifferentroutingprotocolsforUWSNs.
Inthischapter,anoverallsurveyofvariousroutingprotocolsalongwithprosandconsareexplained
withchallengesfordesigningnewroutingprotocolsforvastandenormousUWSNs.
Chapter 2
QualityEnhancementinUnderwaterSensorNetworksThroughNodeDeploymentPlans:A
Performance-BasedClassification........................................................................................................16
Anju Sangwan, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Anupma Sangwan, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Deepti Rani, Chandigarh University, India
Rishi Pal Singh, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
Duetowidespreadapplicationsandanorientationtowardsdimensionalityenhancement,theunderwater
sensornetworks(UWSNs)aregoingtobeindemandfortoday’sresearchers.Thecoreideatodesign
astrongandreliablebuildunderthewaterrevolvesaroundthemasterplanofsensordeployment.The
qualityparameterslikecoverage,connectivity,andnetworklifespan,etc.areconsideredasmainpillars


forthesedeploymentplans.Thereisalwaysatrade-offbetweenthesequalityparameters.So,itisquite
necessarytomaintainabalanceamongtheseparametersinordertoestablishasuccessfulcommunication
system.Inthischapter,theauthorshavecategorizedthenodedeploymentplansonthebasisofthe
above-statedqualityparameters.Duringthiscategorization,theviewofdimensionalityenhancement
fromtwodimensionstothreedimensionsisalsokeptinthemind.
Chapter 3
RecentandFutureNodeDeploymentStrategiesintheUnderwaterSensorNetwork(UWSN)..........34
Krishna Pandey, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra
University, India
Manish Kumar, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University,
India
ThechapterfocusesontherecentdevelopmentinthefieldofthesensornodedeploymentintheUWSN
(underwaterwirelesssensornetwork).Inthechapter,thetechnicalchallengesduringthenodedeployment
ofthesensornodesintheUWSN(underwaterwirelesssensornetwork)arerepresentedwithprefacingthe
background.Thechapterfocusesonthedifferentmethodsofnodedeploymentandpresentsageneralized
modelforensurethereliability.Aviewofanalyzingthedeploymentofsensornodesisalsoshownin
theexamplebyfollowingtherecentresearchesinthedomain.Finally,thefuturescopeandconclusion
isrepresentedwiththeideaofnewparadigmsinthedeploymentofsensornodesintheUWSN.
Chapter 4
UnderwaterLocalizationTechniques....................................................................................................45
Manisha Bharti, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Poonam Rani Verma, National Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Underwateracousticcommunicationusessoundwavestotrans-receiveinformation,divingdeepinside
water,environmentscanning,underseaexplorations,disasterprevention,etc.Inthischapter,anattempt
hasbeenmadetocoverstationaryandmobilelocalizationalgorithm.Theyarefurthersubdividedinto
distributedandcentralized.Eachoneisfurthersubcategorizedintoestimation-basedandprediction-
basedschemes.Thecategorythereforeextendsonthebasisofrangingmethod,communication,and
synchronization,someofwhicharearealocalization,sensor-basedlocalization,formingasensorarray,
motion-awareself-localization,silentlocalization.Eachonewillbediscussedindetailinthischapter.
Atlast,hybridtechniqueisalsodiscussed,whichcombinesstationaryandmobiletechniques.The
discussionincludesvariousnodesincludinganchornode,unknownnode,sinknode,andreference
node.Variousmethodstofollowthetechniquesarealsodiscussed,whichincludeanchor-basedmethod,
rangingmethod,andmessagecommunication.
Chapter 5
DataFusioninUnderwaterWirelessSensorNetworksandOpenResearchChallenges.....................67
Kalpna Guleria, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India
Saira Banu Atham, HKBK College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
Ashok Kumar, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara
University, Punjab, India