COGNITIVE SCIENCE and MATHEMATICS EDUCATION COGNITIVE SCIENCE and MATHEMATICS EDUCATION edited by Alan H. Schoenfeld University of California I~ ~~o~1!~~~:up NEW YORK AND LONDON First Published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 365 Broadway Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642 Transferred to Digital Printing 2009 by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Copyright © 1987 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cognitive science and mathematics education. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Mathematics-Study and teaching. 2. Cognition. I. Schoenfeld, Alan H. QA11.C54 1987 510'.7 87-5362 ISBN 0-89859-791-9 (hc) 0-8058-0057-3 (Pbk) Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent. For Anna Louise with love and hope Contents 1 Cognitive Science and Mathematics Education: 1 An Overview Alan H. Schoenfeld 2 Foundations of Cognitive Theory and Research for 33 Mathematics Problem-Solving Edward A. Silver 3 Instructional Representations Based on Research about 61 Understanding James G. Greeno 4 Cognitive Technologies for Mathematics Education 89 RoyD. Pea 5 Problem Formulating: 123 Where Do Good Problems Come From? Jeremy Kilpatrick 6 From the Teacher's Side of the Desk 149 Anna Henderson 7 New Knowledge about Errors and New Views about 165 Learners: What They Mean to Educators and More Educators Would Like to Know Stephen B. Maurer 8 What's All the Fuss about Metacognition? 189 Alan H. Schoenfeld vii viii PREFACE 9 Cognitive Science and Algebra Learning 217 Ronald H. Wenger 10 Cognitive Science and Mathematics Education: 253 A Mathematician's Perspective H. O. Pollak 11 Cognitive Science and Mathematics Education: 265 A Mathematics Educator's Perspective F. Joe Crosswhite Author Index 279 Subject Index 285 Contributors Dr. F. Joe Crosswhite Mathematics, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 Dr. James Greeno Education and Psychology, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Mrs. Anna Henderson Maury High School Norfolk, VA 23517 Dr. Jeremy Kilpatrick Mathematics Education, University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 Dr. Steven B. Maurer Mathematics Swarthmore College Swarthmore, P A 19081 Dr. Roy Pea Education, New York University New York, NY ~OO03 ix