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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE Edited by Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Narendra D. Londhe, and Anil Kumar First edition published 2022 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Narendra D. Londhe and Anil Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www. copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Ahirwal, Mitul Kumar, editor. | Londhe, Narendra D., editor. | Kumar, Anil, 1980- editor. Title: Artificial intelligence applications for health care / edited by Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Narendra D. Londhe, Anil Kumar. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor and Francis, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021052132 | ISBN 9781032148465 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032148472 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003241409 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Artificial intelligence‐‐Medical applications. | Medical informatics. Classification: LCC R859.7.A78 A74 2022 | DDC 610.285‐‐dc23/eng/20220110 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021052132 ISBN: 978-1-032-14846-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-14847-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-24140-9 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003241409 Typeset in Times by MPS Limited, Dehradun Dedication This is dedicated to our parents and family members. Contents Foreword...................................................................................................................ix Preface.......................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgement..................................................................................................xiii Editors Biographies.................................................................................................xv Contributors...........................................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 A Survey of Machine Learning in Healthcare...................................1 S. Sathyanarayanan and Sanjay Chitnis Chapter 2 A Review on Biomedical Signals with Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing..................................................................23 Mangesh Ramaji Kose, Mithilesh Atulkar, and Mitul Kumar Ahirwal Chapter 3 Images in Radiology: Concepts of Image Acquisition and the Nature of Images.........................................................................49 Narendra Kuber Bodhey Chapter 4 Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence Techniques with Their Applications in Healthcare Systems...........................................................................73 Shubhi Sharma and Siddharth Sharma Chapter 5 Machine Learning Approach with Data Normalization Technique for Early Stage Detection of Hypothyroidism...............91 Madhusudan G. Lanjewar, Jivan S. Parab, and Ajesh K. Parate Chapter 6 GPU-based Medical Image Segmentation: Brain MRI Analysis Using 3D Slicer................................................................109 Sajedul Talukder Chapter 7 Preliminary Study of Retinal Lesions Classification on Retinal Fundus Images for the Diagnosis of Retinal Diseases..................123 Jaskirat Kaur, Deepti Mittal, and Ramanpreet Kaur vii viii Contents Chapter 8 Automatic Screening of COVID-19 Based on CT Scan Images Through Extreme Gradient Boosting.................................139 G. Madhu, G. Nagachandrika, A. Govardhan, and K. Lakshman Srikanth Chapter 9 Investigations on Convolutional Neural Network in Classification of the Chest X-Ray Images for COVID-19 and Pneumonia................................................................................163 Ganesh Laveti, P. Chaya Devi, and R. Goswami Chapter 10 Improving the Detection of Abdominal and Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in CT Images Using Attention U-Net Based Deep Learning Model.....................................................................181 Hitesh Tekchandani, Shrish Verma, and Narendra D. Londhe Chapter 11 Swarm Optimized Hybrid Layer Decomposition and Reconstruction Model for Multi-Modal Neurological Image Fusion...................................................................................203 Manisha Das, Deep Gupta, Petia Radeva, and Ashwini M. Bakde Chapter 12 Hybrid Seeker Optimization Algorithm-based Accurate Image Clustering for Automatic Psoriasis Lesion Detection....................227 Manoranjan Dash, Rajendra Sonawane, Narendra D. Londhe, and Subhojit Ghosh Chapter 13 A COVID-19 Tracker for Medical Front-Liners...........................241 Akshansh Jaiswal, Aman Shinde, Avani Pathak, Chaithra Bhat, Manali Kaswa, Rajeev Ramesh, Siddhant Singh, Vikramjit Banerjee, Prashant Gadakh, and Sandeep Patil Chapter 14 Implementation of One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for ECG Classification on Python Platform.......257 Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Ravi Singh, and Nikhil Agrawal Chapter 15 Pneumonia Detection from X-Ray Images by Two Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network on Python Platform...............................................................................289 Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Vipul Sharma, and Kuldeep Kumar Gautam Index......................................................................................................................309 Foreword This book is edited by three authors having expertise in different domains. Dr. Mitul Kumar Ahirwal is working with Computer Science and Engineering department, MANIT Bhopal, India and has expertise in computational intelligence techniques and Python. Dr. Narendra D. Londhe is working with Electrical Engineering department, NIT Raipur, India and has expertise in biomedical signal/image processing. Dr. Anil Kumar is working with Electronics and Communications Engineering department, PDPM-IIITDM Jabalpur, India and has expertise in digital signal processing and digital filter design for biomedical signals. This book is a very good choice for the readers who wish to continue their studies and research in interdisciplinary areas of artificial intelligence and biomedical signal/image processing. ix