Analog Circuit Design: Sensor and Actuator Interface Electronics, Integrated High-Voltage Electronics and Power Management, Low-Power and High-Resolution ADC’s

405 Pages·2004·14.33 MB·English

by  Anton Bakker (auth.)

ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN
Analog Circuit Design
Sensor and Actuator Interface Electronics,
Integrated High-Voltage Electronics and Power
Management, Low-Power and High-Resolution
ADC's
Edited by
J.H. Huijsing
Delft University ofTechnology,
The Netherlands
Michiel Steyaert
KU Leuven,
Belgium
and
Arthur van Roermund
Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Printed on acid-free paper
ISBN 978-1-4419-5253-0 ISBN 978-1-4020-2805-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-2805-2
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2004
All Rights Reserved
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2004
Softcover reprint ofthe hardover 1s t edition
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exc1usive use by the purchaser of the work.
Table of Contents
Preface................................................................................................. Vll
Part I: Sensor and Actuator Interface Electronics
Introduction......................................................................................... 1
Smart Sensor Interfaces
Anton Bakker ...................................................................................... 3
Architectures for Low-Offset Monolithic Op-Amps
Andrew Tang ................ .............. .... ..... ............... .......... ................ ...... 23
Multi-Sensor Interfaces
Christoph Hagleitner .......... .... .... ..... .................. ............ ...... ......... ....... 43
CMOS Sensor Interface Arrays for DNA Detection
Roland Thewes, Alexander Frey, Meinrad Schienle, Christian Paulus,
Birgit Holzapfl, Martin Jenkner, Petra Schindler-Bauer, Franz
Hofmann ............................................................................................. 65
WiseNET - An Ultralow-Power Solution for Wireless Sensor
Networks
C.C. Enz, A. EI-Hoiydi, J.-D. Decotignie, A.-S. Porret, T. Melly,
V. Peiris .............................................................................................. 91
Autonomous Wireless Sensors
Bernhard E.Boser ...... ............................................................................. 123
Part 11: Integrated High-Voltage Electronics and Power
Management
Introduction......................................................................................... 135
Automotive IC-Design
Heinz Zitta, Wolfgang Horn, Christian Lenzhofer............................. 137
Design of Class-D Audio Power Amplifiers in SOl Technology
Marco Berkhout .................................................................................. 153
High Voltage Devices for RF Power Amplifiers
v
vi
Joao Ramos, Michiel Steyaert ............................................................ 177
Power Management Solutions for Desktop and Mobile CPUs
Richard Redl, Gabor Reizik................................................................ 201
Power Management in RF Circuits
Jan Crols. .......... ........... ..... ... ..... ......... ......... ........................ .............. ... 225
Power Management Electronics
F.A.C.M. Schoofs ............................................................................... 247
Part 111: Low-Power and High-Resolution ADe's
Introduction......................................................................................... 271
Continuous-time Sigma-Delta AD Conversion for Wireless
Communication
K. Philips, P.A.C.M. Nuijten, A.H.M. van Roermund....................... 273
Systematic Design of Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters
Ovidiu Bajdechi ....... ..... ...... ... ...... ..... ...... ..... ................ ........... ....... ..... 293
Calibration-Free High-Resolution Low-Power Algorithmic and
Pipelined AD Conversion
Patrick Quinn, Maxim Pribytko, Arthur van Roermund .................... 327
Low Power Data Conversion for Sensing Applications
Terri Fiez, Ravi Naiknaware, Ruoxin Jiang ....................................... 351
Low-Power Low-Voltage Sigma-Delta Modulators
Libin Yao, Michiel Steyaert, Willy Sansen........................................ 361
IF A/D Converters for a DSP-based FM-receiver
A. Baschirotto, M. Sala, F. Salidu, F. Stefani..................................... 383
PREFACE
This book contains the contributions of 18 experts at the 13th International
Workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design (AACD 2004) in Montreux,
Switzerland, April 6 - 8, 2004.
The 18 tutorials are devided in 3 parts according to the 3 topics:
- Sensor and Actuator Interface Electronics
-Integrated High-Voltage Electronics and Power Management
-Low-Power and High-Resolution ADC's.
The pro gram committee consists of:
-Johan H. Huijsing, Delft University ofTechnology, The Netherlands
-Michiel S.J. Steyaert, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
-Arthur H.M. van Roermund, Eindhoven University ofTechnology, The
Netherlands.
The AACD 2004 organisation was in the hands of:
-Vlado Valence, Mead Education S.A.,
-Christian Enz, CSEM S.A., and
-Michiel Declerq, EPFL.
This book is number 13 in the successful series on Analog Circuit Design. The
topics covered in previous issues are:
AACD 2003 Graz (Austria)
• Fractional-N Synthesis
• Design for Robustness
• Line and bus Drivers
AACD 2002 Spa (Belgium)
• Structured Mixed-Mode Design
• Multi-Bit Sigma-Delta Converters
• Short-Range RF Circuits
AACD 2001 Noordwijk (The Netherlands)
• Scalable Analog Circuits
• High-Speed D/A Converters
• RF Power Amplifiers
AACD 2000 Munich (Germany)
• High-Speed AID Converters
Vll
viii
• Mixed-Signal Design
• PLLs and Synthesizers
AACD 1999 Nice (France)
• XDSL and Other Communication Systems
• RF-MOST Models and Behavioural Modelling
• Integrated Filters and Oscillators
AACD 1998 Copenhagen (Denmark)
• I-Volt Electronics
• Mixed-Mode Systems
• LNAS and RF Power Amps for Telecom
AACD 1997 Corno (Italy)
• RF A/D Converters
• Sensor and Actuator Interfaces
• Low-Noise Oscillators, PLLs and Synthesizers
AACD 1996 Lausanne (Swiss)
• RF CMOS Circuit Design
• Bandpass SD and Other Converters
• Translinear Circuits
AACD 1995 Villach (Austria)
• Low Noise/PowerN oltage
• Mixed-Mode with CAD Tools
• Voltage, Current and Time References
AACD 1994 Eindhoven (The N etherlands)
• Low Power, Low Voltage
• Integrated Filters
• Smart Power
AACD 1993 Leuven (Belgium)
• Mixed-Mode AlD Design
• Sensor Interfaces
• Communication Circuits
AACD 1992 Scheveningen (The Netherlands)
• Opamps
• ADC
ix
• Analog CAD
We hope that also the current book in this series will provide a valuable
contribution to our Analog Circuit Design community.
Johan Huijsing
Part I: Sensor and Actuator Interface Electronics
Sensors and actuators connect the macroscopic analog world with the computer
through Interface Electronics. These interface circuits have the task to amplify,
filter, multiplex, convert from analog to digital and vice versa.
The topic of interface electronics is covered by 6 tutorial papers:
The first introductory paper from Anton Bakker, Analog Devices Inc., San Jose,
California, USA, presents solutions to general interface issues, such as offset and
accuracy.
The second paper by Andrew T.K. Tang, Analog Devices, San Jose, California,
USA, is about low-offset OpAmps.
The third contribution by Christoph Hagleitner, IBM Zürich, Switzerland,
presents a wide platform for multi-sensor interfacing.
The fourth paper by Roland Thewes, Infineon Technologies A.G., Munich,
Germany, discusses the design of an electro-chemical interface for DNA
detection.
The fifth and sixth papers by Christian Enz, CSEM, Neuchatel, Switzerland, and
Bernard E. Boser, UC Berkeley, California, USA, respectively, offer insight in
the design and organisation ofwireless sensors and their networks.
Johan Huijsing
SMART SENSOR INTERFACES: AN INTRODUCTION
Anton Bakker
Analog Devices Inc.
3550 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95134
Abstract
This paper is an introduction to smart sensor interfaces.
Definitions are given and some market numbers are shown.
Most smart sensors require low-offset, low-noise amplifiers.
Dynamic offset-cancellation techniques are the solution for that
and principles of autozeroing and chopping are shown.
Examples of a smart temperature sensor, flow sensor and
magnetic sensor are shown.
1. Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction to smart sensor interfaces.
As the title is already announcing, it will not be possible to do in-depth analysis,
but an overview will be given of the options and implementations that are
currently possible and available. Readers are encouraged to use references to
probe further.
1.1 What is a smart sensor?
Although the definition of a smart sensor may look trivial, it has not been that
trivial in the past. Some people have called their silicon micro-machined
acceleration sensor with integrated piezo-resistors a smart sensor, while others
have made a general-purpose smart sensor interface. In both cases the word
"smart" has been misused.
In this paper we will use the following generally accepted definition of a smart
or intelligent sensor:
3
J. H. Huijsing et al. (eds.), Analog Circuit Design, 3-22,
© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.