Analog and Mixed-Signal Hardware Description Language

172 Pages·1997·5.84 MB·English

by  Allen Dewey (auth.)

ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE
ANALOGAND
MIXED-SIGNAL
HARDW ARE DESCRIPTION
LANGUAGE
Editedby
Alain Vachoux
EPFL, France
Jean-Michel Berge
CNET, France
OzLevia
Cadence Design Systems, U.S.A.
and
Ja cques Rouillard
ESIM, France
~.
"
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4613-7891-4 ISBN 978-1-4615-6297-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-6297-9
Printed on acid-free paper
This printing is a digital duplication of the original edition.
AII Rights Reserved
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Second Printing 2002.
Original1y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997
Softcoverreprint ofthe hardcover 15t edition 1997
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form OT by any means, electronic OT mechanical,
including photocopying, recording OT by any information storage and
Tetrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owneT.
SERIES PRESENTATION
Current Issues in Electronic Modeling is a series of volumes publishing high quality,
peer-reviewed papers dealing with modeling issues in the electronic domain. The
objective is to establish a unique communication channel between academia and industry
which will serve the growing needs in the field of modeling.
PUBLISHED VOLUMES:
• Volume 1: Model Generation in Electronic Modeling
Contents: 1. A Flexible Generator of Component Models. 2. What Makes an ASIC
Library Sign-Off? 3. A Case History in Building Vital-Compliant Models. 4. Modeling
Multiple Driver Net Delay in Simulation. 5. DELPHI: the Development of Librairies of
Physical Models of Electronic Components for Integrated Design Environment.
6. VHDL Floating Point Operations. 7. Symbolic Model Checking with Past and Future
Temporal Modalities: Fundamentals and Algorithms. 8. KRYPTON: Portable, Non
Reversible Encryption for VHDL. Index.
168 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9568-9
• Volume 2: Modeling in Analog Design
Contents: 1. VHDL-A Design Objectives and Rationale. 2. Modeling in VHDL-A:
Devices, Networks and Systems. 3. Analog Modeling using MHDL. 4. Modeling and
Simulation of Electrical and Thermal Interaction. 5. Modeling of Power MOSFET.
Index.
176 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9569-7
• Volume 3: High-Level System Modeling: Specification Languages
Contents: 1. Specification-Modeling Methodologies for Reactive-System Design.
2. Survey on Languages for Object Oriented Hardware Design Methodologies.
3. VSPEC: A Declarative Requirements Specification Language for VHDL.
4. Communication Protocols Implemented in Hardware: VHDL Generation from Estelle.
5. An Algorithm for the Translation of SDL into Synthesizable VHDL. 6. From LOTOS
to VHDL. 7. Using An X-Machine to Model a Video Cassette Recorder. Index.
176 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9632-4
• Volume 4: High-Level System Modeling:
Specification and Design Methodologies
Contents: 1. A System Specification Model and Method. 2. ADEPT: A Unified
Environment for End-to-End System Design. 3. The Design Cube: A Model for VHDL
Designflow Representation and its Application. 4. A Novel Approach to Guiding
Incremental Specification. 5. An Expert Assistant for Hardware Systems Specification.
6. Integrating Non-Functional Aspects into LOTOS. Index.
192 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9660-x
V
VI Analog and Mixed-Signal Hardware Description Languages
• Volume 5: Hardware Component Modeling
Contents: 1. The History of VITAL: VHDL ASIC Library Update. 2. Issues in
Efficient Modeling and Acceleration of VITAL Models. 3. Standards for
Interoperability and Portability. 4. Abstract Data Types and the Digital System
Description and Simulation Environments. 5. Modeling Highly Flexible and Self
Generating Parameterizable Components in VHDL. 6. MELODY: an Efficient Layout
Based Model Generator. 7. Quality Measures & Analysis: a Way to Improve VHDL
models. 8. Modem Concepts of Quality and their Relationship to Design Reuse and
Model Libraries. Index. 150 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9686-3
• Volume 6: Meta-Modeling: Performance and Information Modeling
Contents: 1. Integrating Operational Specification with Performance Modeling. 2. A
System-Level Performance Model and Method. 3. A View of Information Modelling.
4. A Methodology for the Specification of Transformations between Information
Models. 5. Modeling Design Data and Design Processes in the PLA YOUT CAD
Framework. Index. 207 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9687-1
• Volume 7: Object-Oriented Modeling
Contents: 1. Object Orientation: Modeling and Design Paradigms for the Year 2000?
2. Object-Oriented Modeling of Hardware for Embedded Systems. 3. Object-Oriented
and Real-Time Techniques: Combined Use of OMT, SDL and MSC. 4. Integrated
System Design with an Object-Oriented Methodology. 5. Object Orientation and
Structural Design. 6. Abstract Hardware Modelling using an Object-Oriented Language
Extension to VHDL 7. Object-Oriented Generation of VHDL Models. Index. 207 pp.
ISBN 0-7923-9688-X
• Volume 8: Hw/Sw Co-Design and Co-Verification
Contents: 1. A Model for Exploring Hardware/Software Trade-offs and Evaluating
Design Alternatives. 2. ECOS: A Generic Codesign Environment for the Prototyping of
Real Time Applications: "From Formal Specifications to Hardware-Software
Partitioning". 3. COSMOS: An SDL Based Hardware/Software Codesign Environment.
4. Hardware/Software Co-Synthesis: Modelling and Synthesis of Interfaces using
Interpreted Petri Nets. 5. Flexible Component Retrieval. 6. Co-Design at Work: The
Ethernet Bridge Case Study. 7. Programmed Monitoring and Digital System Simulation.
Index. 182 pp. ISBN 0-7923-9689-8
• Volume 9: Analog and Mixed-Signal Hardware Description Languages
Contents: 1. Modeling and Synthesis of Synchronous System-level Specifications.
2. System Level Modeling and Hardware Architecture Trade-Off. 3. Automating
System Design with Conceptual Models. 4. Hardware/Software Co-verification of
Embedded System Designs Using Virtual System Integration. 5. LIRMM: Prototyping
Platform for Hardware/Software Codesign. 6. Hardware/Software System Design Based
on the MCSE Methodology. Index. 150pp. ISBN 0-7923-987,/-2
The Series Editors
Jean-Michel Berge, France Telecom-CNET, Email: [e-mail]
Oz Levia, Cadence, Email: [e-mail]
Jacques Rouillard, ESIM, Email: [e-mail]
Series & Volume Presentation VII
EDITORS
Series Editors
Jean-Michel Berge -France Telecom -CNET
Oz Levia -Cadence
Jacques Rouillard -ESIM
Principal Advisor to the Editors
Jim Armstrong - Virginia Tech
Advisory Board
Raul Camposano -Synopsys Inc.
Hilary Kahn - University 0/ Manchester
Sabine Maerz-Roessel-Siemens AG
Zain Navabi - University o/Tehran
Wolfgang Nebel- University o/Oldenburg
Alec Stanculescu -Fintronic Inc.
Alain Vachoux -Swiss Federal Institute o/Technology
Ron Waxman - University o/Virginia
Editorial Board
Przemyslaw Bakowski -IRESTE Serge Maginot -Leda SA.
Dave Barton -Intermetrics Inc. Wolfgang Mueller -CADLAB
Bill Billowich - VHDL Technology Group Adam Pawlak -ARTEMISlIMAG
Mark Brown - Compass Bora Prazic -Alcatel
Jean-Paul Calvez -IRESTE Paul Scheidt -Synopsys Inc.
Steve Carlson -Escalade Jean-Pierre Schoellkopf -SGS-Thomson
Simon Curry -Cadence Steve Schultz - Texas Instruments
Tedd Corman -EPS Ken Scott -Synopsys Inc.
Doug Dunlop -Cadence Venkat Venkataraman -IBM
Alain Fonkoua -ESIM Alex Zamfirescu -Intergraph Electronics
Andreas Hohl -Synopsys Inc. Roger Zinsner -Speed SA
Michael Hohenbichler -CEC
VOLUME PRESENTATION
VOLUME 10: ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES
Hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHDL and Verilog have found their
ways in almost every aspect of the design of digital hardware systems. Since their
inception they gradually proved to be an essential part of modem design methodologies
and design automation tools, ever exceeding their original goals of being description and
simulation languages. Their use for automatic synthesis, formal proof, and testing are
good examples.
HDLs bring a lot of interesting features to the design process. First of all, they are true
languages designers can understand and can use to communicate design descriptions.
They support descriptions of both structural and behavioral aspects of designs over
several abstraction levels from abstract specifications down to technology dependent
netlists.
In addition, the possibility to define several alternatives for the same design along with
the ability to develop parameterized models allows to cope with the ever increasing
complexity of today's designs. They also have well defined operational semantics that
make HDL descriptions executable and verifiable through simulation. Last, but certainly
not least, standard HDLs, such as VHDL and Veri log, are largely endorsed by EDA tool
suppliers with the consequence for the users to have a large choice of tools and to
ensure interoperability and design reuse among design tools.
So far, HDLs have been mainly dealing with digital systems. However, integrated
systems designed today require more and more analog parts such as AID and DIA
converters, phase locked loops, current mirrors, etc.
Converters become necessary as integrated circuits are included in non-electrical
systems such as mechatronic systems. They become also necessary for pure electronic
systems for which some functionality is more efficiently realized by analog circuits.
Examples are signal processing functions, filtering, high-frequency, low-noise, or neural
applications.
IX
x
Analog and Mixed-Signal Hardware Description Languages
The verification of the complete system therefore asks for the use of a single language.
Using VHDL or Verilog to handle analog descriptions is possible, as it is shown in this
volume, but the real power is coming from true mixed-signal HDLs that integrate
discrete and continuous semantics into a unified framework. Analog HDLs (AHDL) are
considered here a subset of mixed-signal HDLs as they intend to provide the same level
of features as HDLs do but with a scope limited to analog systems, possibly with
limited support of discrete semantics.
This volume has seven chapters that cover several aspects related to analog and mixed
signal hardware description languages:
• The use of a digital HDL for the description and the simulation of analog systems
• The emergence of extensions of existing standard HDLs that provide true analog and
mixed-signal HDLs
• The use of analog and mixed-signal HDLs for the development of behavioral models
of analog (electronic) building blocks (operational amplifier, PLL) and for the design
of microsystems that do not only involve electronic parts
• The use of a front-end tool that eases the description task with the help of a
graphical paradigm, yet generating AHDL descriptions automatically.
The first chapter, "Applicability of Discrete Event Hardware Description Languages to
the Design and Documentation ofE lectronic Analog Systems", shows how it is possible
to use IEEE 1076-1993 VHDL to model typical analog electronic circuits such as an
operational amplifier or a lowpass filter.
A generalization of the method to the description of two-port networks is also
provided. Finally, capabilities and limitations of discrete event HDLs in modeling analog
or continuous event behavior are discussed.
The second and third chapters provide overviews of two emerging analog and mixed
signal HDLs based on existing IEEE standard HDLs.
Chapter two, "VHDL 1 076.1 Analog and Mixed-Signal Extensions to VHDL ", provides
an overview of the new features to be included in an extended version of IEEE 1076-
1993 VHDL that supports the description and simulation of continuous and mixed
continuous/discrete systems. VHDL 1076.1 is designed to be a strict superset of
VHDL.
Chapter three "Analog Extensions to Verilog", provides an overview of another effort
to develop an AHDL, called Verilog-A, that is derived from IEEE 1364 Verilog but
designed for analog behavioral modeling only.
The fourth and fifth chapters illustrate the use of an AHDL for the development of
behavioral models of typical analog electronic building blocks. They provide insights in
modeling methodology as well as in the characteristics the designer can expect from the
use of such models.
The chapter four, "Op3: A Behavioral Generic Model of Operational Amplifiers",
describes a generic model developped in Analogy's MAST AHDL and provides four
application examples that use this model to develop accurate models of commercial op
amp parts in a very short time.
Series & Volume Presentation XI
The chapter five, "Non-Linear State Space Averaged Modeling of a 3-State Digital
Phase-Frequency Detector ", describes a behavioral model of a phase-frequency detector
in Cadence's SpectreHDL AHDL that allows efficient assessment ofPLL characteristics·
while needing much less simulation time that a cycle-by-cycle model.
The sixth chapter, "Behavioural Modelling of Analogue Systems with ABSynth",
presents a graphical front-end tool that allows to capture analog behavior with graphical
diagrams that make use of a library of predefined primitive behaviors (e.g. mathematical
operators, function generators, simple filters, etc.). Mentor Graphics' HDL-A models
are automatically generated from graphical descriptions. This approach imposes a
modeling methodology but frees the designer to cope with the AHDL itself.
Finally, the seventh chapter, "VHDL 1076.1 Modeling Examples for Microsystem
Simulation ", goes outside the electronic world to address modeling issues related to
integrated systems involving both actuators or sensors and information processing
components. Several model examples written in VHDL 1076.1 that cover both signal
flow and conservative abstraction levels illustrate various modeling techniques. The
links with physical modeling and simulation are also discussed.
There should be no more doubt after reading these seven chapters that analog and mixed
signal hardware description languages will foster the development of behavioral models
of complete systems. More importantly, they will move these models from specific
tool implementations to the designers' hands.
Alain Vachoux,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Guest Editor of Volume 10
CONTENTS
SERIES PRESENTATION v
EDITORS VII
VOLUME PRESENTATION IX
CONTENTS XIII
CONTRIBUTORS XIX
1. APPLICABILITY OF DISCRETE EVENT HARDWARE
DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES TO THE DESIGN AND
DOCUMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC ANALOG SYSTEMS 1
by Allen Dewey
1.1. Introduction 2
1.1.1. Data-Sampled Approximation 2
1.2. Modeling Basic Analog Concepts 4
1.2.1. Analog Circuit Analysis 5
1.3. Network-Independent Data-Sampled Analog Systems 5
1.3.1. Discrete Convolution-Based Models 7
1.4. Network-Dependellt Data-Sampled Analog Systems 9
1.4.1. Modeling Loading Effects 10
1.4.2. Two-Port Network-Based Models 12
1.5. Summary 15
XIII