AIDS and the Social Sciences : Common Threads

192 Pages·1991·15.051 MB·English

by  Richard Ulack and William F Skinner

AIDS and the Social Sciences
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AIDS and the
Social Sciences
Common Threads
Richard Ulack and William F. Skinner
Editors
THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY
Copyright© 1991 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre
College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Club, Georgetown College, Kentucky
Historical Society, Kentucky State University,
Morehead State University, Murray State University,
Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,
and Western Kentucky University.
Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
AIDS and the social sciences : common threads I edited by Richard
Ulack and William F. Skinner.
p. em.
Proceedings of a symposium held in October 1989 on the University
of Kentucky campus.
ISBN 978-0-8131-5509-8
1. AIDS (Disease)-Social aspects-Congresses. I. Ulack,
Richard, 1942- II. Skinner, William Francis.
RA644.A25A354 1991
362.1'969792-dc20 91-13348
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting
the requirements of the American National Standard
for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. @
Contents
List of Tables and Figures IX
Preface xm
1. Introduction 1
RICHARD ULACK
2. AIDS: A Search for Origins 8
GARY W. SHANNON
3. Modeling the Geographic Spread of AIDS for Educational
Intervention 30
PETER GOULD
4. Communities at Risk: The Social Epidemiology of AIDS
in New York City 45
ERNEST DRUCKER
5. Low-Incidence Community Response to AIDS 64
EDWIN HACKNEY
6. AIDS: Socioepidemiologic Responses to an
Epidemic 83
WILLIAM W. DARROW
7. An Anthropological Research Agenda for an AIDS
Epicenter within the United States 100
RONALD STALL
8. The Sociocultural Impacts of AIDS in Central and East
Africa 124
DOUGLAS A. FELDMAN
vi Contents
9. Women, Children, and AIDS: Research
Suggestions 134
BETH E. SCHNEIDER
10. Federal Funding in AIDS Activity 149
ERNESTINE VANDERVEEN
References Cited 158
Contributors 176
Tables & Figures
Tables
1.1 Total Reported AIDS Cases in the U.S. by Exposure
Category 3
1.2 Total Reported AIDS Cases in the U.S. by Geographical
Region 5
4.1 Known Mortality among Adult Cases in New York
City 47
4.2 Heterosexual Contact Patterns of South Bronx
Women 55
5.1 AIDS-Related Referrals in Lexington, 1986-1989 77
5.2 Support Group Referrals in Lexington, 1986-1989 77
5.3 Buddy Program Referrals in Lexington, 1985-1989 77
6.1 HIV Prevalence among Female Prostitutes in the
U.S. 93
6.2 AIDS in Areas with <50,970 Population and > 109
Cases, October 1, 1989 97
7.1 Change in Sexual Risk for HIV Infection, 1984-1987,
for Gay and Bisexual Men in San Francisco:
Communication Technology Surveys 109
7.2 Change in Sexual Risk for HIV Infection, 1984-1987,
for Gay and Bisexual Men in San Francisco: The AIDS
Behavioral Research Project 109
7.3 Patterns of Change in High-Risk Sex for HIV
Transmission, 1984-1987, for Gay and Bisexual Men in
San Francisco: The AIDS Behavioral Research
Project 109
10.1 Federal Spending for AIDS According to
Department 152
10.2 Federal Spending for AIDS According to Activity 153
viii Tables & Figures
10.3 Federal Spending, in 1989, for Research on Education
about and Prevention of Major Diseases 155
Figures
2.1 Global Patterns ofHIV Infection 11
2.2 The Theory of Haitian HIV Origin 14
2.3 The Theory of Euro-American HIV Origin 19
2.4 The Theory of African HIV Origin 22
3.1 The Diffusion of AIDS in Ohio, 1981-1987 40
3.2 The Diffusion of AIDS in Pennsylvania, 1981-1988 41
4.1 Hospital Admissions for Immune Disorders in the
Bronx 48
4.2 Distribution of AIDS Cases in New York City,
1981-1984 51
4.3 Patterns of Segregation in New York City 53
4.4 Rates of HIV Infection among Methadone Patients in
New Jersey 57
4.5 Rates of HIV Infection among Methadone Patients in
Four Connecticut Cities 58
6.1 Centers of Disease Control: FY 1989 HIV
Prevention 84
6.2 Spectrum of HIV Disease 84
6.3 Homosexual Couples at a Los Angeles Fund-Raising
Banquet, October 1979 88
6.4 Sexual Contacts of Two Homosexual Couples and a
Male Prostitute, Summer 1980 88
6.5 Sickness and Death of Three Individuals Who Met at
Los Angeles Fund-Raising Banquet in 1979 88
6.6 Dates of Sexual Contacts of Some of the First AIDS
Cases in Los Angeles 88
6. 7 Out-of-California Case Linked by Sexual Contact to
Three Early Cases in Los Angeles 89
6.8 Out-of-California Case Linked to Other Early Cases in
Los Angeles 89
6.9 Out-of-California Case Directly Linked to Four of the
First Twelve Known Los Angeles Cases and Four of
Twenty Known Cases in New York City 89
6.10 Forty of 248 Homosexual Men Reported to CDC as
Tables & Figures ix
Having AIDS Linked by Sexual Exposure, April
1982 89
6.11 AIDS Information in San Francisco 92
6.12 Percent of Never-Married Women, 15-19 Years Old,
Who Have Had Sexual Intercourse, United States 92
6.13 Linkage of High-Risk Groups in Colorado Springs,
Colorado 95
6.14 AIDS in Areas with <50,000 Residents 95