Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing: Part B: Macromolecular Sensing PDF
Preview Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing: Part B: Macromolecular Sensing
Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy Volume 10 Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing Part B: Macromolecular Sensing Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy Edited by JOSEPH R. LAKOWICZ and CHRIS D. GEDDES Volume ]: Techniques Volume 2: Principles Volume 3: Biochemical Applications Volume 4: Probe Design and Chemical Sensing Volume 5: Nonlinear and Two-Photon-Induced Fluorescence Volume 6: Protein Fluorescence Volume 7: DNA Technology Volume 8: Radiative Decay Engineering Volume 9: Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing PartA: Sn1all Molecule Sensing Volume 10: Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing Part B: Macromolecular Sensing Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy Volume 10 Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing Part B: Macromolecular Sensing Edited by CHRIS D. GEDDES The Institute ofFluorescence Medical Biotechnology Center University ofMaryland Biotechnology Institute BaltiJnore, Maryland and R. JOSEPH LAKOWICZ Centerfor Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Department ofBiochelnistry and Molecular Biology University ofMaryland School ofMedicine Baltimore, Maryland ~ Springer The Library ofCongresscatalogedthe first volume ofthis title as follows: Topics in fluorescence spectroscopy/edited by Chris D. Geddes andJoseph R. Lakowicz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v.I. Techniques I. Fluorescence spectroscopy. 1. Geddes.Chris D. II. Lakowicz, Joseph R. QD96.F56T66 1991 91-32671 543'.0858-dc20 CIP ISSN: 1574-1036 ISBN 0-387-23644-9 Printedon acid-freepaper ©2005 SpringerScience+BusinessMedia, Inc. All rights reserved. This workmay not be translated orcopied in whole orin part without the writtenpermission ofthepublisher(SpringerScience+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013,USA), exceptforbriefexcerpts in connection with reviews orscholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form ofinformation storage andretrieval, electronic adaptation, computersoftware, orby sinlilarordissimilarmethodology now known orhereafter developed isforbidden. The use in this publication oftrade names, tradenlarks, service marks and similarterms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression ofopinion as towhetherornot they are subject toproprietaryrights. Printed in the UnitedStates ofAmerica 9876543 2 SPIN 11333586 springeronline.com CONTRIBUTORS Caleb Behrend. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055. Murphy Brasuel. DepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthSciences, UniversityofMichigan, AnnArbor, Michigan, 48109-1055. Sarah M Buck. Raoul Kopelman. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, Michigan, 48109-1055. Eun Jeong Cho. Department ofChemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Cellular and MolecularBiology,TheUniversityofTexas atAustin, Austin, TX78712. Sonja Draxler. Institut fur Experimentalphysik, Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, A-8010 GrazAustria. Andrew D. Ellington. Department ofChemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Cellular andMolecularBiology,TheUniversityofTexas atAustin, Austin, TX78712. Peter M Haggie. Departments ofMedicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute,UniversityofCalifornia, SanFrancisco, CA, 94143-0521. TonyDJames. DepartmentofChemistry, UniversityofBath, BathBA2 7AYUK. HuiJiang. BostonUniversity, ChemistryDepartmentand Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215. Guilford Jones. II. Boston University, Chemistry Department and Photonics Center, Boston, MA02215. Yong-Eun Lee Koo. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055. RobertMasse. Applied Research and Development, MDS Pharma Services, 2350 Cohen Street, Montreal, QC, Canada. Eric Monson. Department ofChemistry, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055. Martin A. Philbert. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, Michigan, 48109-1055. v vi CONTRIBUTORS William S. Powell. Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, QC, Canada. Manjula Rajendran. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Cellular andMolecularBiology,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin, Austin,TX78712. AlnawazRehemtulla.MolecularTherapeuticsInc., AnnArbor, Michigan,48109. BrianRoss. MolecularTherapeuticsInc., AnnArbor, Michigan,48109 Seiji Shinkai. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,KyushuUniversity, Fukuoka812-8581 JAPAN. Richard B. Thompson. Department ofBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, UniversityofMaryland, Baltimore, Maryland21201. Petra Turkewitsch. Applied Research and Development, MDS Pharma Services, 2350 CohenStreet,Montreal, QC, Canada. A.S. Verkman. Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute,UniversityofCalifornia, SanFrancisco, CA, 94143-0521. Valentine 1. Vullev. Boston University, Chemistry Department and Photonics Center, Boston,MA02215. Hao Xu. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055. PREFACE Over the last decade fluorescence has become the dominant tool in biotechnology and medical imaging. These exciting advances have beenunderpinned by the advances in time-resolved techniques and instrumentation, probe design, chemical / biochemicalsensing, coupledwithourfurtheredknowledge inbiology. Ten years ago Volume 4 of the Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy series outlined the emerging trends in time resolved fluorescence in analytical and clinical chemistry. These emerging applications of fluorescence were the result of continued advances inboth laser and computer technology and a drive to develop red/near-infrared fluorophores. Based on the advancements in these technologies, it was envisaged that small portable devices would find future common place in a doctor's office or for home healthcare. Today, these past emerging trends in fluorescence sensing are now widely used as eitherstandardpractices inclinicalassessmentorcommercializedhealthcareproducts. Miniature lasers in the form oflaser diodes and even light emitting diodes are widely used in applications oftime-resolved fluorescence. Computer clock-speed is now not considered a hurdle in data analysis. Even our choice of fluorophores has changed dramatically inthe last decade, the traditional fluorophore finding continued competition byfluorescentproteins andsemi-conductorquantumdots, tonamebutjustafew. This volume "Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing: Macromolecular Sensing" aims to summarize the current state ofthe art in fluorescence sensing. For this reason we have invited chapters, encompassing a board range of macromolecular fluorescence sensing techniques. Chapters in this volume deal with macromolecular sensing, suchas using GFP, Aptamers and fluorescent pebble nano-sensors. This volume directlycompliments volume 9ofthe Topics inFluorescence Spectroscopyseries, which deals withadvancedconcepts insmallmolecule fluorescence sensing. While many ofthe changes in recent fluorescence have been well received, its continued growth inthe world has created achallenge intrying to archive and document its use. Subsequently Chris D. Geddes has now become co-series editor ofthe Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy series. We have also recently launched the Reviews in Fluorescence series, which co-edited also by Dr's Geddes and Lakowicz and published annually, is meant to directly compliment the Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy series, withsmallchapters summarizingthe yearlyprogress influorescence. Finally we would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions, Mary Rosenfeld for administrative support and Kadir AsIan for help in typesettingboth volumes 9and 10. ChrisD. Geddes JosephR. Lakowicz Baltimore,Maryland, US. August2004 vii CONTENTS 1.PROTEIN-BASEDBIOSENSORS WITHPOLARIZATION TRANSDUCTION . RichardB. Thompson 1.1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.2.PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 1 1.3.ADVANTAGES OFANISOTROPY-BASED SENSING 3 1.4.FLUORESCENCEPOLARIZATIONIMMUNOASSAy............................ 4 1.5.ANISOTROPY-BASEDMETALIONBIOSENSING 9 1.6. ANISOTROPY-BASED SENSINGOF OTHERANALYTES USING PROTEINSAS TRANSDUCERS 15 1.7. CONCLUSIONS 16 1.8.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 17 1.9.REFERENCES 17 2. GFP SENSORS 21 PeterM. Haggie andA.S. Verkman 2.1. INTRODUCTION 21 2.2. GENERALPRINCIPLES OFENGINEERINGFLUORESCENTPROTEIN SENSORS 21 2.3. NEWGREENANDRELATEDFLUORESCENTPROTEINS 23 2.3.1. GFP Mutants 23 2.3.2.NovelFluorescentProteins 24 2.4. GFP-BASED SENSORS 24 2.4.1. pH Sensors ~............................................................ 24 2.4.2. Chloride/HalideSensors 26 2.4.3. SensorsofProteaseActivity 28 2.4.4. CalciumSensors 28 2.4.5. SensorsofCalcium-Calmodulin 30 2.4.6. SensorsofOtherSecondMessengers 30 ix x CONTENTS 2.4.7. SensorsofProteinKinaseActivity....................................................... 31 2.4.8. SensorsofGproteins 32 2.4.9. MetaboliteSensors 33 2.4.10. SensorsofReduction-Oxidation(Redox)Potentia1............................. 33 2.4.11. NitrationSensors 34 2.4.12. Voltage Sensors 34 2.5. PERSPECTIVEANDFUTUREDIRECTIONS 35 2.6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 35 2.7. REFERENCES 36 3.FLUORESCENTSACCHARIDESENSORS 41 TonyDJamesandSeijiShinkai 3.1. INTRODUCTIONREFERENCES 41 3.2. READ-OUT 43 3.2.1. InternalChargeTransfer(ICT) 43 3.2.2. Photoinducedelectrontransfer(PET) 45 3.2.3. Others 46 3.3. INTERFACE 47 3.3.1. InternalChargeTransfer(ICT) 47 3.3.2.Photoinducedelectrontransfer(PET) 48 3.3.3. Others 54· 3.4. FLUORESCENTASSAY 56 3.5.POLYMERSUPPORTEDSENSORS 60 3.6. CONCLUSIONS 62 3.7.REFERENCES 62 4. FLUORESCENTPEBBLENANO-SENSORS AND NANOEXPLORERS FORREAL-TIMEINTRACELLULARANDBIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 69 HaoXu ,SarahM. Buck, RaoulKopelman, MartinA. Philbert,MurphyBrasuel,Eric Monson, CalebBehrend,BrianRoss,AlnawazRehemtulla, andYong-EunLeeKoo 4.1. INTRODUCTION 69 4.1.1.BackgroundandHistory 69 4.2. PEBBLEMATRICES: DESIGN,PRODUCTION,AND QUALITY CONTROL 72 4.2.1. PolyacrylamidePEBBLEs 73 4.2.2.Poly(decylmethacrylate)PEBBLEs 74 4.2.3. PolyethyleneGlycol-CoatedSol-GelSilicaPEBBLEs 76 4.3. CLASSIFICATIONAND CHARACTERIZATIONOFPEBBLE SENSORS 79 4.3.1. IonSensors 79
The list of books you might like
