2424 Evaporative Light Scattering Detector Operator's Guide - Waters

196 Pages·2009·1.62 MB·English

2424 Evaporative Light
Scattering Detector
Operator’s Guide
71500121802/Revision B
Copyright © Waters Corporation 2006−2009
All rights reserved
Copyright notice
© 2006−2009 WATERS CORPORATION. PRINTED IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA AND IN IRELAND. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS
DOCUMENT OR PARTS THEREOF MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY
FORM WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by Waters Corporation. Waters
Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this
document. This document is believed to be complete and accurate at the time
of publication. In no event shall Waters Corporation be liable for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with, or arising from, its use.
Trademarks
Millennium, PIC, and Waters are registered trademarks, and busLAC/E,
PowerStation, and “THE SCIENCE OF WHAT’S POSSIBLE.” are trademarks
of Waters Corporation.
Micromass is a registered trademark, and MassLynx is a trademark of
Micromass Ltd.
Phillips is a registered trademark of Phillips Screw Company.
Other registered trademarks or trademarks are the sole property of their
owners.
ii
Customer comments
Waters’ Technical Communications department invites you to tell us of any
errors you encounter in this document or to suggest ideas for otherwise
improving it. Please help us better understand what you expect from our
documentation so that we can continuously improve its accuracy and
usability.
We seriously consider every customer comment we receive. You can reach us
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Contacting Waters
®
Contact Waters with enhancement requests or technical questions regarding
the use, transportation, removal, or disposal of any Waters product. You can
reach us via the Internet, telephone, or conventional mail.
Waters contact information
Contacting medium Information
Internet The Waters Web site includes contact
information for Waters locations worldwide.
Visit www.waters.com.
Telephone and fax From the USA or Canada, phone 800
252-HPLC, or fax [phone].
For other locations worldwide, phone and fax
numbers appear in the Waters Web site.
Conventional mail Waters Corporation
34 Maple Street
Milford, MA 01757
USA
Safety considerations
Some reagents and samples used with Waters instruments and devices can
pose chemical, biological, and radiological hazards. You must know the
potentially hazardous effects of all substances you work with. Always follow
Good Laboratory Practice, and consult your organization’s safety
representative for guidance.
When you develop methods, follow the “Protocol for the Adoption of Analytical
Methods in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory,” American Journal of Medical
Technology, 44, 1, pages 30–37 (1978). This protocol addresses good operating
procedures and the techniques necessary to validate system and method
performance.
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Safety advisories
Consult Appendix A for a comprehensive list of warning and caution
advisories.
Operating this instrument
When operating this instrument, follow standard quality-control (QC)
procedures and the guidelines presented in this section.
Applicable symbols
Symbol Definition
Confirms that a manufactured product complies
with all applicable European Community
directives
ABN 49 065 444 751 Australia C-Tick EMC Compliant
Confirms that a manufactured product complies
with all applicable United States and Canadian
safety requirements
This product has been tested to the requirements
of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1, second edition,
including Amendment 1, or a later version of the
same standard incorporating the same level of
testing requirements
Audience and purpose
This guide is intended for personnel who install, operate, and maintain 2424
Evaporative Light Scattering (ELS) detectors.
Intended use of the 2424 ELS detector
Waters designed the 2424 ELS detector to analyze and monitor many
compounds.
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Calibrating
To calibrate LC systems, follow acceptable calibration methods using at least
five standards to generate a standard curve. The concentration range for
standards should include the entire range of QC samples, typical specimens,
and atypical specimens.
When calibrating mass spectrometers, consult the calibration section of the
operator’s guide for the instrument you are calibrating. In cases where an
overview and maintenance guide, not operator’s guide, accompanies the
instrument, consult the instrument’s online Help system for calibration
instructions.
Quality-control
Routinely run three QC samples that represent subnormal, normal, and
above-normal levels of a compound. Ensure that QC sample results fall within
an acceptable range, and evaluate precision from day to day and run to run.
Data collected when QC samples are out of range might not be valid. Do not
report these data until you are certain that the instrument performs
satisfactorily.
ISM classification
ISM Classification: ISM Group 1 Class B
This classification has been assigned in accordance with CISPR 11 Industrial
Scientific and Medical (ISM) instruments requirements. Group 1 products
apply to intentionally generated and/or used conductively coupled
radio-frequency energy that is necessary for the internal functioning of the
equipment. Class B products are suitable for use in both commercial and
residential locations and can be directly connected to a low voltage,
power-supply network.
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EC Authorized Representative
Waters Corporation (Micromass UK Ltd.)
Floats Road
Wythenshawe
Manchester M23 9LZ
United Kingdom
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Contact: Quality manager
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Table of Contents
Copyright notice ................................................................................................... ii
Trademarks ............................................................................................................ ii
Customer comments ............................................................................................ iii
Contacting Waters ............................................................................................... iv
Safety considerations .......................................................................................... iv
Safety advisories .................................................................................................. v
Operating this instrument .................................................................................. v
Applicable symbols .............................................................................................. v
Audience and purpose.......................................................................................... v
Intended use of the 2424 ELS detector............................................................... v
Calibrating .......................................................................................................... vi
Quality-control .................................................................................................... vi
ISM classification ................................................................................................. vi
ISM Classification: ISM Group 1 Class B ......................................................... vi
EC Authorized Representative ........................................................................ vii
1 2424 ELS Detector Optics Principles ................................................ 1-1
Principles of evaporative light scattering detection ............................... 1-2
Overview........................................................................................................... 1-2
Capabilities ...................................................................................................... 1-2
ELS detection process...................................................................................... 1-2
Detection .......................................................................................................... 1-4
ELS detection limitations................................................................................ 1-6
Detector description ........................................................................................ 1-7
Signal processing and noise calculations........................................................ 1-8
Calibrating the photomultiplier tube (PMT).................................................. 1-8
Filtering noise .................................................................................................. 1-8
Electronics and data acquisition..................................................................... 1-9
Table of Contents ix
Nebulizer .......................................................................................................... 1-9
Optics bench..................................................................................................... 1-9
Temperature control ...................................................................................... 1-10
Startup diagnostics........................................................................................ 1-11
Lamp energy and performance ..................................................................... 1-12
Rear panel ...................................................................................................... 1-13
References ........................................................................................................ 1-13
2 Setting up the Detector ........................................................................ 2-1
Introduction ....................................................................................................... 2-2
Before you begin ............................................................................................... 2-2
Unpacking and inspecting .............................................................................. 2-3
Selecting a site within a laboratory ............................................................. 2-3
Site selection requirements............................................................................. 2-4
Detector dimensions ........................................................................................ 2-5
Power requirements......................................................................................... 2-6
Gas requirements............................................................................................. 2-7
Making the gas supply connection ............................................................... 2-7
Venting the exhaust hose ................................................................................ 2-8
Connecting to the electricity source .......................................................... 2-11
Installing the nebulizer assembly ............................................................... 2-12
Connecting the siphon drain tubing .......................................................... 2-14
Routing the siphon drain tubing down the front of the detector................. 2-14
Routing the siphon drain tubing to the rear of the detector ....................... 2-15
Connecting the drip tray ............................................................................... 2-18
Required materials ........................................................................................ 2-18
Connecting the nebulization gas to the nebulizer .................................. 2-19
Connecting a column or second detector .................................................. 2-19
Required materials ........................................................................................ 2-19
x Table of Contents