1 a pragmatic analysis: conversational implicatures in 'antigone'

85 Pages·2010·0.42 MB·English

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A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS: CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES IN
‘ANTIGONE’, A PLAY BY SOPHOCLES AND ITS APPLICATION TO
TEACHING SPEAKING IN SMA

A Thesis

Written by:
DWI LESTARININGSIH
K 2202022

Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Sebelas Maret University as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Obtaining the Undergraduate Degree of Education in English

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2010

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A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS: CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES IN
‘ANTIGONE’, A PLAY BY SOPHOCLES AND ITS APPLICATION TO
TEACHING SPEAKING IN SMA

A Thesis

Written by:
DWI LESTARININGSIH
K 2202022

Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Sebelas Maret University as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Obtaining the Undergraduate Degree of Education in English

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2010

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ABSTRACT

Dwi Lestariningsih. A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS: CONVERSATIONAL
IMPLICATURES IN ‘ANTIGONE’, A PLAY BY SOPHOCLES AND ITS
APPLICATION TO TEACHING SPEAKING IN SMA. A Thesis, Surakarta:
Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. 2010.

This research is grounded on some reasons. They are: 1) drama as one of
the genres in literature has dialogue or imitation of speech which is interesting to
be analyzed linguistically, 2) the use of drama in teaching English in SMA is still
limited, whereas in fact drama can be used as a useful and motivating material to
improve students’ skill, especially speaking. Based on the problem statements, the
objectives of this study are: 1) to know how the co-operative principle and context
help the addressee to interpret the meanings which are implied in the dialogues of
Antigone, 2) to know in what way Antigone is applied to teaching speaking in
SMA.
This research is conducted in descriptive qualitative method. The source of
data is dialogues containing conversational implicatures spoken by the main
characters – Antigone, Creon, and Choragos, which are especially perceived as
figure of speech. The sampling technique used is purposive for the sample is
chosen based on certain purpose in order to reach the objective of this research.
The analysis of data was done in two steps. First, each datum was analyzed by
ways of describing the context – the background knowledge and the relevant
aspects of physical or social settings surrounding the dialogues. Second, each
datum was analyzed based on Grice’s maxims of co-operative principle which
include: (1) maxim of quality, (2) maxim of quantity, (3) maxim of relevant, and
(4) maxim of manner.
The result of this research describes that, by maxims of co-operative
principle the addressee assume that the meaning of the utterances which do not
seem to conform to maxims of co-operative principle has deeper meaning. The
addressee, then, look for the implied message which is necessary based on the
background knowledge or context surrounding the dialogue. The conclusion of the
research is that the main characters in Antigone are able to work out implicatures
for they perceive the dialogues as figure of speech. They take the dialogues as the
deliberate violation or flouting to maxims of co-operative principle. The use of
figure of speech is intended to add certain sense or feeling in order to produce a
greater effect of communication. The way how the play entitled Antigone can be
applied to teaching speaking in SMA is by using the drama text to create activities
which helps students practice speaking in long turns, such as: retelling story and
acting out the extract of the play. Of course, a teacher must simplify the structure,
vocabulary, and story of the text to be adjusted to the students’ level of English
mastery so that it will be easy to learn and handle. The principle is that the
simplification of text should be relevant to the original one.

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APPROVAL

This thesis has been approved by consultants to be examined by the Board
of Thesis Examiners of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University.

Approved by:

Consultant I Consultant II

Drs. Siswantoro, M. Hum Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D
NIP 19541009 198503 1 001 NIP 19600918 198702 2 001

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LEGALIZATION

The thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University and
accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the Undergraduate
Degree of Education in English.
Day :
Date :
The Board of Examiners: Signature

1. Chairman : Drs. Martono, M. A. (..................................)
NIP 19600301 198803 1 004

2. Secretary : Drs. H. A. Dahlan Rais, M. Hum (.................................)
NIP 19510326 198303 1 002

3. Examiner I : Drs. Siswantoro, M. Hum (.................................)
NIP 19541009 198503 1 001

4. Examiner II : Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D (.................................)
NIP 19600918 198702 2 001

Approved by,
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sebelas Maret University
The Dean

Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M.Pd
NIP 19600727 198702 1 001

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MOTTO

Therefore you are inexcusable, O man, whoever you are who judge, for in
whatever you judge another you condemn yourself; for you who judge practice
the same things.
(Romans 2: 1)

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DEDICATION

This thesis is whole-hearted dedicated to:
— Her family,
— Her friends,
— And her alma mater

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Praise be to the Almighty God, Lord Christ Jesus, for His mercy and
strength, the writer is able to complete this thesis. This thesis is written as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Undergraduate Degree of Education in
English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University.
The writer realizes that she would not able to finish her work without the
help of the others. Therefore, she is very grateful to:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret
University, who has permitted the writer to carry out the study.
2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, who has given permission to the
writer to write the thesis.
3. Drs. Siswantoro, M. Hum, as the first consultant, and Dra. Dewi
Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D as the second consultant, who have
patiently given their guidance, advice, encouragement, and time from the
beginning up to the completion of the thesis writing.
4. All the lecturers of English Department for the knowledge and experience
shared during her study.
5. Her beloved family, for the love, supports, and prays.
6. The big family of English Department 2002, for their fellowship, courage,
and motivation.
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At last the writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. That
is why suggestion and constructive criticism from the readers are needed to make
it better. Finally, this thesis is expected to be able to share contribution, especially
for anyone who is also interested to the similar study.

Surakarta, April 2010

The Writer

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TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
ABSTRACT ii
APPROVAL iii
LEGALIZATION iv
MOTTO v
DEDICATION vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ix
LIST OF APPENDICES xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background 1
B. Limitation of the Problem 7
C. Problem Statements 7
D. Research Objectives 8
E. Research Significance 8
CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW
A. Pragmatics
1. Notion of pragmatics 9
2. Scope of pragmatics
a. Deixis 11
b. Implicature 12
c. Presupposition 14
d. Speech Act 14
e. Discourse Structure 16
B. Conversational Implicature
1. Maxims of Grice 16
2. Context 20
1 0