Nicole Oresme, Questiones super Physicam (Books i-vii) Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters Begründet von Josef Koch Weitergeführt von Paul Wilpert, Albert Zimmermann und Jan A. Aertsen Herausgegeben von Andreas Speer In Zusammenarbeit mit Tzotcho Boiadjiev, Kent Emery, Jr. und Wouter Goris BAND 112 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/stgm Nicole Oresme, Questiones super Physicam (Books i-vii) Edited with Introduction and Indices by Stefano Caroti, Jean Celeyrette, Stefan Kirschner, Edmond Mazet LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 ISSN 0169-8028 ISBN 978-90-04-23637-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25025-3 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. 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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Introduction ......................................... xv The Edition...................................... xxvii Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv Missing figures ................................... xxxvi Bibliography ......................................... xli Liber I q. 1 Circa librum Physicorum queritur primo utrum cognitio unius rei faciat ad cognitionem alterius .......... 3 q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum omne scibile habens causas sciatur per illas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum ordo doctrine scientie naturalis incipiat a minus notis nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum universale sit prius notum quam singulare vel minus universale .................. 23 q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum ens sit univocum ad substantiam et ad accidens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum omne accidens habeat subiectum adequatum, loquendo secundum viam positam in questione precedenti ..................... 40 q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum totum sit sue partes aut res distincta a partibus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum hec sit vera: ‘tantum unum est’ ............................... 56 q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum cuiuslibet totius notitia dependeat ex cognitioe suarum partium ............ 62 q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum in qualibet specie sit dare minimum naturale, verbi gratia ut minimus homo et caro vel aliquod tale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum in qualibet specie sit dare maximum naturale ........................... 78 q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquid possit fieri ex nihilo ....................................... 87 vi contents q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum cuiuslibet transmutationis naturalis sint tantum tria principia vel si sint tria principia rerum naturalium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum materia prima sit unum principium rei naturalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum privatio sit ens .......... 112 q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum privatio sit principium distinctum a materia ............................. 119 q. 17 Consequenter queritur utrum forma omnis materialis sit principium .................................. 127 q. 18 Consequenter queritur utrum alicuius substantie materialis sint plures forme substantiales, vel utrum materia possit simul habere plures formas substantiales ... 135 q. 19 Consequenter queritur utrum cuislibet transmutationis principia sint contraria .............. 143 q. 20 Consequenter queritur utrum omne ens appetat sui permanentiam et durationem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 q. 21 Consequenter queritur utrum prima materia sibi determinet aliquam quantitatem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Liber II q. 1 Circa secundum Physicorum primo queritur utrum omne ens naturale habeat in se principium motus et quietis ...................................... 168 q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquod elementum habeat in se principium sue alterationis .............. 174 q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum definitio nature sit bona in qua dicitur “natura est principium movendi et quiescendi eius in quo primo et per se ...................... 182 q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum artificialia distinguantur a naturalibus ................................... 190 q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum forme artificiales sint accidentia ..................................... 197 q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum artifex faciat aliquid novum in re artificiata vel artificiali.................. 204 q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum cuiuslibet rei naturalis sint tantum quattuor cause ........................ 211 q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum efficiens sit causa . . . . . . . . 218 q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum materia et forma sint cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 contents vii q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum finis sit causa ........... 240 q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum casus et fortuna sint cause agentes per accidens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquid possit fieri a casu ........................................ 254 q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum omnia eveniant de necessitate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum illa divisio sit bona, in qua dicitur quod quedam est fortuna bona et quedam mala .................................. 268 q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum natura intendat aliquod monstrum .............................. 277 q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis effectus naturalis sit ex necessitate finis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Liber III q. 1 Circa tertium librum Physicorum queritur utrum ignorato motu necesse sit ignorare naturam . . . . . . . . . . . 293 q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit aliquid . . . . . . . . 304 q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit res mota vel ipsum mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit res acquisita mobili dum movetur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum motus localis sit illud quod acquiritur mobili tali motu, scilicet situs vel locus in quo et circa quod mobile movetur, vel utrum motus localis sit acquisitum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit res successiva sive fluxus distinctus a rebus permanentibus, cuiusmodi sunt mobile et res acquisita, ad quam est motus . . . . . . . . 331 q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum moveri sit aliter se habere continue quam prius ....................... 336 q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum motus bene diffiniatur quando dicitur quod est actus entis in potentia secundum quod in potentia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum contingat magnitudinem tantam esse in actu quantam contingat esse eam in potentia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliquid infinitum ...... 357 q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliquod corpus actu infinitum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 viii contents q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum infinitum sit alio maius aut equale sive minus vel utrum esset, si esset infinitum, vel utrum infinitum sit infinito comparabile ........... 372 q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum aliqua natura citra deum sit bonitatis vel malitie infinite ..................... 391 q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum supposito per possibile vel per impossibile quod esset aliquod corpus infinitum, utrum tale corpus posset moveri . . . . . . . . . . . 397 q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum infinite partes proportionales sint in continuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliqua multitudo actu infinita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 q. 17 Consequenter queritur utrum implicet contradictionem infinitum esse inter duos terminos .................. 417 Liber IV q. 1 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit superficies ...... 423 q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit equalis locato .... 429 q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit ultimum corporis continentis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit quantitas . . . . . . . 443 q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit corpus continens sive locans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit spatium interceptum inter latera continentis, quod esset vacuum si non esset ibi locatum .................... 456 q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum naturaliter possit esse vacuum in hoc mundo ........................... 465 q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum ad vacuum esse sequatur contradictio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum grave simplex in movendo habeat resistentiam in se ipso .............. 478 q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum in motu locali gravium et levium simplicium requiratur medium, et hoc propter successionem ....................... 485 q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum grave simplex aut leve moveretur localiter successive ............. 492 q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum mixtum in vacuo localiter moveretur successive ...................... 498 q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum possibile sit aliquam mutationem fieri subito et tota simul divisibiliter . . . 505 contents ix q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquid possit condensari ................................ 513 q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum in rarefactione acquiratur nova quantitas, et similiter in condensatione deperdatur precedens ................. 521 q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit aliquid . . . . . . . 528 q. 17 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit ab anima ...... 535 q. 18 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit numerus motus secundum prius et posterius .................. 542 q. 19 Consequenter queritur utrum omnia sint in tempore .... 549 q. 20 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit causa corruptionis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 q. 21 Consequenter queritur utrum idem instans maneat per totum tempus ............................... 561 Liber V q. 1 Circa quintum Physicorum queritur primo utrum ad substantiam sit motus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis motus sit de contrario in contrarium ........................ 575 q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum forma substantialis divisibiliter acquiratur ita quod generatio sit mutatio successiva .............................. 582 q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit ad quantitatem ................................. 589 q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum tantum in tribus predicamentis sit motus scilicet in quantitate, qualitate et ubi ................................. 595 q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum contraria sint simul in eodem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum forma intendatur per additionem gradus ad gradum sive partis ad partem ..................................... 609 q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum media inter contraria componantur ex extremis ......................... 617 q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum contrarium intendatur altero non remisso ...................... 622 q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliquis motus unus . . . . 632 q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum ad unitatem motus requiratur unitas mobilis et unitas spatii ............................... 638 x contents q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum aliqui duo motus sint unus in specie .............................. 644 q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum unus motus simpliciter alteri contrarius ........................ 651 Liber VI q. 1 Circa sextum Physicorum queritur utrum continuum componatur ex indivisibilibus ...................... 658 q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquod continuum successivum componatur ex indivisibilibus ............ 664 q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum continuum sit divisibile in semper divisibilia, intelligendo quod dividatur in aliqua et illa in alia, et sic semper .......... 671 q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum motus possit velocitari in infinitum ............................ 678 q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum velociori motu maius spatium equali tempore pertranseatur ................ 685 q. 6 Consequenter queritur penes quid sit attendenda velocitas in motu ad qualitatem et ad quantitatem et posset habere locum in quarto huius ............... 696 q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum omne quod movetur prius movebatur ................................ 703 q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum motus infinitus possit fieri in tempore finito ............................ 711 Liber VII q. 1 Circa septimum librum Physicorum queritur primo utrum omne quod movetur moveatur ab alio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum in moventibus et motis sit processus in infinitum .................. 724 q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum in omni motu movens et motum sint simul ...................... 729 q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum ad qualitates de tertia specie sit motus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis res cuilibet rei sit comparabilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum res unius speciei sit comparabilis rei alterius speciei in perfectione . . . . . . . . . 752 q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis motus cuilibet sit comparabilis in velocitate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764

Questiones super Physicam (Books I-VII) Edited by Stefano Caroti, Jean Celeyrette, Stefan Kirschner, Edmond Mazet

Similar Questiones super Physicam (Books I-VII) Edited by Stefano Caroti, Jean Celeyrette, Stefan Kirschner, Edmond Mazet