JUL 24 2013 \ / Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 May 2013 On the Nazeris fauna of China I. The species of the Qinling Shan, the Daba Shan, and adjacent mountain ranges (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) VolkerAssing Gabelsbergerstr. 2, D-30163 Hannover, Germany; E-mail: vassing.hann@t-online.de. Abstract. Sixteen speciesofNazerisFauvel, 1873 arerecognizedintheQinling Shan, theDaba Shan, andadjacentmoun- tain ranges in Central China. Fourteen ofthem are described for the first time, illustrated, and distinguished from geographically close congeners: N. acutus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi: Daba Shan), N. angulatus sp. n. (Shaanxi/Chongqing/Hubei: Daba Shan), A', bisinuosas sp. n. (S-Shaanxi: Daba Shan), N. clavatus sp. n. (W-Hubei: DabaShan), N. compressus sp. n. (Shaanxi/Chongqing: Daba Shan),N. cultellatus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi, Henan,Anhui),N. custoditus sp. n. (S-Gansu: Qin- lingShan),N. dilatatussp.n. (S-Shaanxi/N-Sichuan: MicangShan),N. extensussp. n. (S-Shaanxi: DabaShan),N. longilobatus sp. n. (S-Gansu: mountains SE Longnan), N. micangicus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi: Micang Shan), N. parvincisus sp. n. (S-Shaanxi: Daba Shan),N. rectus sp. n. (W-Hubei: Daba Shan),N. sociabilis sp. n. (S-Gansu: mountains SE Longnan). The species are keyed and their distributions are mapped. Based on their external and male sexual characters, they rep- resent five lineages. A checklist ofthe Nazeris species ofChina and Taiwan is compiled. The genus now includes 143 species and seven subspecies; 66 ofthem have been reported from mainland China. Key words. Taxonomy, Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Nazeris, Qinling Shan, Daba Shan, China, new species, distribution maps, key to species. INTRODUCTION Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 is currently assigned to the subtribe the genus is essentially Palaearctic (Assing 2009). Seven Astenina of the tribe Paederini. The monophyly of the species were described from North Vietnam (Ito 2010a, genus is constitutedparticularly by the morphology ofthe b, Jarrige 1948, Watanabe 1996), and Rougemont (1988) aedeagus, which is characterizedby the presence ofapair described N. siamensis from northern Thailand. Accord- ofdorso-lateral apophyses (see discussion inAssing2009), ing to Smetana (2004), this species was subsequently aunique characteramong Paederinae.All knownNazeris recorded also from Japan. However, I have been unable species aremicropterous, flightless, and have more orless to trace the primary record, nor is there an entry ofsuch restricted distributions, which suggests that the genus is arecordinLee Herman's unpublishedcatalogue (Herman, probably aphylogenetically old taxon andthatthe current pers. comm.). In view ofthe flightlessness and generally distribution, especially distribution gaps, maybe interpret- restricted distributions ofNazeris species, it seems like- ed primarily as a result of extinction rather than expan- ly that the record ofN. siamensis from Japan is based on sion by dispersal and colonization events. an error. According to the Palaearctic Catalogue (Smetana In mainland China, Nazeris ranks second among the 2004), an update ofthis catalogue (Schiilke unpubl.), and paederine generawithrespectto the diversityofmicropter- a manuscript (Assing unpubl.), Nazeris is currently rep- ous species with restricted distributions, outnumbered in resented in the Palaearctic region sensu Smetana (2004) described species only byLathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 by 121 species and seven subspecies. Eleven species are (Assing 2013). The provinces with the greatest diversity known from the West Palaearctic (Assing 2009), thirteen ofpreviously describedNazeris species are Zhejiang (15 from the Himalaya (North India and Nepal), 25 species species) and Yunnan (11), followed by Sichuan (8), and six subspecies from Japan (exclusive ofthe doubtful Guangxi (6), Anhui (3), Jiangxi (2), Fujian (2), Shaanxi record of N. siamensis Rougemont, 1988), one species (2), Xizang (2), and Guizhou (1). Fordetails seethe check- from South Korea, 19 species and one subspecies from list provided in this paper. The two species from Shaanxi Taiwan, and 52 species from mainland China. Only eight are the only ones that had been recorded from the Qin- additional species havebeenreported from adjacentparts ling Shan, none was known from the Daba Shan. Not a ofthe Oriental region, suggesting that the distribution of single species had been reported from Gansu and Hubei. Received: 21.12.2012 Corresponding editor: D. Ahrens Accepted: 22.02.2013 2 VolkerAssing The Qinling Shan is a geologically old mountain range MATERIALAND METHODS in central China with an east-west extension ofapproxi- mately 650 km from southern Gansu in the east to Henan The morphological studies were conducted using a Ste- in the west. The highest peak ofthe Qinling Shan is the mi SV 11 microscope (Zeiss Germany) and aJenalab com- Taibai Shan at 3,767 m. This mountainrange separatesthe pound microscope (Carl Zeiss Jena). A digital camera temperate north ofChina from the south, whose climate (Nikon Coolpix 995) was used for the photographs. The is mainly influencedby subtropical monsoon. Data on the maps were created using MapCreator 2.0 (primap) soft- geology, geography, and climate were compiled by ware. Ratschbacher et al. (2003) and Rost (1993). Adjacent to Body length was measured from the anterior margin of the Qinling Shan is the Daba Shan, a mountain range re- the mandibles (in resting position) to the abdominal apex, puted for its glacial relicts and extending along the bor- the length ofthe forebody from the anteriormargin ofthe derbetween Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Chongqing eastwards mandibles to theposteriormarginofthe elytra, headlength into western Hubei (Fig. 1). The Shennongjiamassifforms from the anterior margin ofthe frons to the posteriormar- the easternmostpartoftherange andhasthe highestpeaks, gin ofthe head, elytral length at the suture from the apex with six peaks ranging in altitude from 3,000 to 3,105 m. ofthe scutellum to the posterior margin ofthe elytra, and During ajoint field trip to Shaanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan the length of the aedeagus from the apex of the ventral conducted by Michael Schiilke, David Wrase (both process to the base of the aedeagal capsule. The "para- Berlin), and the author, five undescribed Nazeris species meral" side (i.e., the side where the sperm duct enters) is were collected in the Qinling Shan and the adjacent Mi- referred to as the ventral, the opposite side as the dorsal cang Shan (southern Shaanxi and southern Gansu aspect. provinces). An examination ofmaterial collected during Foradiscussion ofthe terminology ofthe aedeagal mor- earlier field trips to the Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan phology see Assing (2009). by Michael Schiilke and David Wrase yielded ten additional undescribed species. Xian Qinling Shan Daba Shan Fig. 1. Geographicposition ofthe Qinling Shan andthe Daba Shan in China. The frame marksthe limits ofthe distributionmaps. Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK The Nazeris fauna ofthe Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 3 COLLECTION MATERIAL DEPOSITORIES The TV. parvincisus group is represented by a single species, N. parvincisus from the Daba Shan. It is charac- SNUC Insect Collection ofShanghai terizedby an aedeagus with a shortand stout, apically con- Normal University, Shanghai vex ventral process and with short and stout dorso-later- ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander al apophyses, a small posterior excision ofthe male ster- Koenig, Bonn nite VII, strongly convex eyes, coarse and dense puncta- cAss author's private collection tion ofthe abdomen, especially oftergites III-VI (punc- cSch private collection Michael Schiilke, Berlin tation oftergite VI as dense and coarse as that oftergite IV), and coarse, dense, and partly confluentpunctation of the pronotum and elytra. The similar general morpholo- RESULTS gy ofthe aedeagus (short and broad ventral process, relatively short and stout dorso-lateral apophyses) suggests Diversity and distribution thattheN.parvincisus group is mostclosely affiliatedwith the N. shaanxiensis group. Including the new species described below, Nazeris now The most diverse and widespread species group is the includes 143 species, with 66 species known from main- N. longilobatus group, which comprises six species, N. land China. Fourteen species are described from the south longilobatus andN. huanghaoi from the Qinling Shan, as ofGansuprovince, from Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, thebor- well as N. clavatus, N. rectus, N. bisinuosus, and N. acu- der between Shaanxi and Chongqing, Henan, andAnhui. tus from the Daba Shan. This lineage is characterized by Thus, the genus is now represented in the studyregionby the morphology of the ventral process of the aedeagus a total of 16 species, 15 ofthem endemic. Six species are (slender and in ventral view acute, dorsally mostly with known from the Qinling Shan and adjacent mountain membranous extensions), the mostly long, slender, and ranges, two from the Micang Shan, and eight from other distinctly sclerotized dorso-lateral apophyses, and a rela- parts ofthe Daba Shan. tively deep and mostly narrow posterior excision ofthe The available data suggest that the Nazeris species of aedeagus. Based on the external and male sexual charac- the study region are locally endemic. Only N. cultellatus ters, three species pairs are identified. One is represented has a less restricted distribution, which ranges from the byN. longilobatus + N. huanghaoi (relatively large body central parts of the Qinling Shan eastwards to the size, long elytra, similarmorphology ofthe aedeagus), one N Tianzhushan inAnhui. In general, closelyrelated species, by clavatus +N. rectus (non-areolate punctation ofthe particularly hypothesized adelophotaxa, are at the same head; similar morphology of the aedeagus), and one by time geographically close, suggesting that the separation N. bisinuosus + N. acutus (small body size, similar mor- ofgene pools and ensuing speciation was - at least pri- phology ofthe aedeagus). marily-initiatedby local geological and climatic events. TheN. extensus group includes two species distributed in the Daba Shan: N. extensus and N. angulatus. The monophyly ofthis group is constitutedparticularlyby the Species groups derivedmorphology ofthe aedeagus (ventral process slender, weakly sclerotized, and with pronounced dorsal ex- Intrageneric phylogenetic affiliations had not been ad- tensions; dorso-lateral apophyses long and slender, sub- dressed previously. Based on external and male sexual basally sinuate and apically straight) and by the conspic- characters, the Nazeris fauna ofthe study region is rep- uously coarse and granulose punctation ofthe head. In ad- resented by five lineages. dition, the species ofthis group share a slender habitus, The N. shaanxiensis group includes five species (N. a pronotum with an uneven surface (in posterior halfon shaanxiensis, N. custoditus, N. sociabilis, N. micangicus, eitherside with elevations and irregularly distributedpunc- N. dilatatus) distributed in the Qinling Shan and the Mi- tation) and not particularly dense punctation, and a male cang Shanand is characterizedby an aedeagus with a short sternite VIII with a relatively small and somewhat V- and stout ventral process and with short and stout dorso- shapedposterior excision. Based on the general morphol- lateral apophyses, as well as by a broad and usually not ogy of the aedeagus, the N. extensus group is probably very deep posterior excision of the male sternite VIII. most closely affiliated with the N. longilobatus group. Among the species ofthis group,N. dilatatus fromthe Mi- The N. cultellatus group includes two species, N. cul- N cang Shan takes a somewhat isolatedposition, since it dif- tellatus from the Qinling Shan and compressus from fers from the other representatives by rather numerous the Daba Shan. These species share a derived morpholo- characters (coloration; modified shape of male sternite gy ofthe aedeagus (ventralprocess laterally conspicuous- VII; relatively deep and broad posterior excision ofmale ly compressed, ventral face forming a sharp edge), as well sternite VIII; apices ofdorso-lateral apophyses oblique- as rathersmall body size (length offorebody 2.3-2.8 mm), ly truncate and with small tooth-like projections). relatively pale coloration (forebody reddish to dark- Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK 4 VolkerAssing iXian d o o Fig. 2. Distributions ofspecies ofthe TV. shaanxiensis group (open symbols) and ofthe N. parvincisus group (filled symbol): N. M sociabilis (open circles); N. custoditus (open squares); N. dilatatus (open diamonds); AT. shaanxiensis (open triangles); parvincisus (filled circles). TANG & ZHU brown), the non-areolate punctation ofthe head, and arel- Yao, Liang Li-Long leg. / [Paratype] HU & SHNU atively small andbroadposteriorexcision ofthe male ster- Nazerisshaanxiensis LI, 2010, Collections" nite VIII. (cAss); 1$: "West Sangongli Gou, Houzhenzi, Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Prov. / N 33.50.613 E 107.48.524, alt. 1336 m, 17-19-V-2008, HUANG Hao & XU Wang leg. HU & SHNU Ecology / [Paratype] Nazerisshaanxiensis LI, 2010, Collections" (cAss). The examined material was mainly collected in various forest habitats, both deciduous and coniferous, by sifting Additional material examined. China: S-Shaanxi: 2c$, leaf litter and moss. The altitudes where the endemic 4$, Qinling Shan, pass on road Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW species were found range from 1070 to 2400 m, with the Xi'an, 33°46'N, 107°58'E, 1700 m, N-slope, small majority of records ranging from 1400 to 2100 m. In creek valley, mixed deciduous forest, moss sifted, Henan and Anhui, N. cultellatus was also collected at al- 3.VII.2001, leg. Schiilke (cSch, cAss, ZFMK); 2$, Qin- titudes below 1000 m. On numerous occasions two or ling Shan, pass on road Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW three species were foundtogether in the same samples. Ex- Xi'an, 33°44'N, 107°58'E, 1880 m, base ofrocks, sifted, cept for N. acutus and N. bisinuosus (one observation), 4.VII.2001, leg. Schiilke (cSch); 3$, Qinling Shan, river syntopic species belongedto different species groups. Ten- bank above Houzhenzi, 115 km WSW Xi'an, 33°50'N, eral adults were represented in the material of three 107°47'E, 1450 m, mixed deciduous forest, moss sifted, & species, N. micangicus (August), N. dilatatus (August), 4.-5.VH.2001, leg. Schiilke Wrase (cSch, cAss). N and rectus (July). Diagnosis. In external characters, N. shaanxiensis is high- ly similar to N. custoditus (see the following section). It The Nazeris shaanxiensis species group is distinguished from this species onlyby the shape ofthe male sternite VIII (slightly more transverse and with Nazeris shaanxiensis Hu & Li, 2010 (Figs 2-5) slightly broader posterior excision) (Fig. 3), and by the shapes of the ventral process and of the dorso-lateral Type material examined. Paratypes: IS' "Foping, apophyses ofthe aedeagus (Figs 4-5). Shaanxi Prov., alt. 1250-1400 m, 18-VII-2004, HU Jia- Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK The Nazeris fauna ofthe Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 5 3 8 11 Figs3-14. Nazerisshaanxiensis, paratype (3-5),N. custoditus (6-10), andTV. sociabilis (11-14). 3, 8, 11. Male sterniteVIII. 4-5, 9-10, 12-14. Aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view. 6. Habitus. 7. Forebody. Scale bars: 6-7: 1.0 mm; 3-5, 8-14: 0.5 mm. ©ZFMK Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 6 VolkerAssing Distribution and natural history. This species is endem- diameterofpunctures, glossy; impunctate midline narrow, ic to the Qinling Shan (environs ofthe Taibai Shan) (Fig. mostlyofmore orless reduced length and sometimespres- m 2), where itwas collectedataltitudes of1200-1880 (Hu ent only in posterior half. etal. 2010; material examined), occasionallytogetherwith Elytra (Fig. 7) 0.55-0.60 times as long as pronotum; N. huanghaoi and/or N. cultellatus. humeral angles obsolete; punctation dense and coarse, punctures denser and slightly less coarse than those of pronotum, sometimes shallower and less defined; inter- Nazeris custoditus sp. n. (Figs 2, 6-10) stices glossy. Hind wings completely reduced. Abdomen approximately 1.20-1.25 times as broad as Type material. Holotype "CHINA [5] - S-Gansu, N elytra; punctation dense and coarse on anterior tergites, Chengxian,W-Qinling Shan, 34°10'17"N, 105°42'56"E, gradually becoming less dense and finer towards posteri- 1850 m, 29.VII.2012, V. Assing / Holotypus $ Nazeris ortergites; interstices without microsculpture and glossy; custoditus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012" (cAss). Paratypes: posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; 1$: "CHINA- S-Gansu [CHI2-05], W-Qinling Shan, 47 posterior margin oftergite VIII weakly convex. km N Chengxian, 34°10,17"N, 105°42'56"E, 1850 m, sternites VI and VII unmodified; sternite VIII with mixed secondary forestmargin, litter sifted, 29.VII.2012, unmodified pubescence, posterior excision relatively M. Schiilke" (ZFMK); 1$: "CHINA [4] - S-Gansu, N small andV-shaped, its depth approximately 1/5 the length Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, 34°08'16,,N, 105°46'42"E, ofsternite (Fig. 8); aedeagus approximately 0.9 mm long; 1760 m, 28.VII.2012, V. Assing" (cAss); ltf: "CHINA dorso-lateral apophyses strongly sclerotized, short, and [4b] - S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, stout, not reaching apex ofmedian lobe (Figs 9-10). 34°08, 16"N, 105°46,42',E, 1760 m, 28.VII.2012, V. Assing" (cAss); 1$: "CHINA - S-Gansu [CH12-04], Comparative notes. The similar external and male sex- W-Qinling Shan, 43 km N Chengxian, 34°08'16"N, ual characters suggest that N. custoditus is closely relat- 105°46'42"E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous for- ed to N. shaanxiensis. It is distinguished fromthat species est margin, sifted, 28.VII.2012, M. Schiilke" (cSch); 2$: byon average darkercoloration, a somewhatbroaderpos- "CHINA [6] - S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, terior excision of the male sternite VIII, shorter, stouter 34°10'20,,N, 105°42'10"E, 1830 m, 29.VII.2012, and more strongly sclerotizeddorso-lateral apophyses (in V. Assing" (cAss). TV. shaanxiensis projecting beyond apex ofmedian lobe), andthe differently shaped ventral process, particularlythe Etymology. The specific epithet is the past participle of rounded apex in ventral view (N. shaanxiensis: apex of the Latin verb custodire (to beware, to arrest, to keep in ventral process acute in ventral view). custody). It refers to the fact that the species was discov- ered in an area ofnon-evident military interest, which we Distribution and natural history. The species was found were unaware of and which earned us a 7-hour custody in two localities in the western Qinling Shan, to the north and interrogation by military personnel. ofChengxian (Fig. 2). The specimens were sifted from leaf litter in secondary deciduous and mixed forests and from Description. Body length 5.3-5.9 mm; length offorebody a heap ofrotting plants at altitudes of 1760-1850 m. 2.8-3.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 6. Coloration: head and elytra dark-brown; pronotum usually blackish-brown, i.e., slightly darker than head and elytra; abdomen blackish- Nazeris sociabilis sp. n. (Figs 2, 11-15) brown to blackish; legs and antennae yellowish. Head (Fig. 7) indistinctly oblong, 1.02-1.06 times as Type material. Holotype "CHINA [13] - S-Gansu, long as broad, and ofsomewhat variable shape, postocu- mountains SE Longnan, sifted, 33°13'03"N, lar region weakly and evenly convex to strongly convex 105°14'55"E, 2080 m, 4.VIII.2012, V. Assing / Holoty- in dorsal view; punctation dense and areolate; interstices pus u Nazeris sociabilis sp. n., det. V. Assing 2012" without microsculpture, reduced to narrow ridges, occa- (cAss). Paratypes: 2<$, 2$: same data as holotype (cAss); sionally in median dorsal portion slightly broader; eyes 36\ 2$: "CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12-13], Mts. 36 km SE ofmoderate size and moderately convex, approximately Longnan, 33°13,03"N, 105°14'55"E, 2080 m, N-slope 1/3 as long as the distance from posterior margin ofeye with mixed pine and birch forest, litter and mushrooms mm to posterior constriction of head. Antenna 1.5—1.7 sifted, 4.VIII.2012, leg. M. Schiilke" (cSch, cAss); \S, long. 1$: same data, but "[CHI2-13b] ... E-slope with mixed Pronotum (Fig. 7) approximately 1.15 times as long as pine andbirch forest, littersifted" (cSch, cAss); 1$: "CHI- broad and 0.85-0.90 times as broad as head; punctation NA [7] - S-Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, sifted, non-areolate, distinctly coarser than that of head, dense 33°13,20"N, 105°15'10"E, 2170 m, 31.VII.2012, but less so than that of head; interstices narrower than V.Assing" (ZFMK); 1$, 3$: "CHINA: S-Gansu [CH12- Bonn zoological Bulletin 62 (1): 1-29 ©ZFMK The Nazeris fauna ofthe Qinling Shan and the Daba Shan, China 7 07], Mts. 36 km SE Longnan, 33°13'20"N, 105°15'10"E, NA: S-Shaanxi [CHI2-28], Micang Shan, 34 km S 2170 m, N-slope with shrubs and scattered coniferous Hanzhong, 32°44'22"N, 106°51'55"E, 1460 m, W-slope, trees, litter & mushrooms sifted, 31.VII.2012, leg. M. deciduous forest margin with bamboo, litter, grass, and Schulke" (cSch); 1

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