Table Of Content

/T< ,,T;T^.s{y^.T. 'i C, ■x U >• i:L • ' T"/T"\ 1 • r/.r u/ i.y ^ /V/ \ IT j ' '.; V J' j : „A.,y C C...,A Att ; 1/ Yi - / • <yn y* Y' V•. T'V« t r*r( r*(% .iA.Vi Vyi. j.J c ; v-'vr I'! 1j• y\» vn. ;; ii :Aa AV\ .r\<i? r . c. jT; "T;-; ’ ". vy;r: . Vr .VOy ;.V..;*.. . <y‘Ov :j.,r J«* r<”tv';•. ■ •• Ricardo j.a- .; a rapv;fM ]> ] r" • (.> V< '.■i N p!y y -T-:r - Cray: />n a ' J / Cl. iX/ .■ . _i .£• Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24 f[xao3 l'/.,;. • - l;l|i v1 "j . .ll.'lwjuj l\ /U4,-- k inHffl] uiiiiiii'Z- - i,UUjm| PMr') • i jm i M ~V •' i TrtfTk /fafrUiirki Nil VLL jirwl ' vPTT^St^ '' jAi\\\\ 11 4f - -4* - *| 11 li whuLLLi xorf§ Jnvil\ f* ♦* * v 4 *| j//IJnt ¥•■ 9 ’ vih.^r| C- to iL! ui|UA-/m|(i/i Ui $ i, /.^..'r, J i\\ f: : \ ilk #2SS liibi/iLIj • ■■ il'liumu. 1 '■■■*'' - - ■f. ’ - •" ^ "IdJ ul2 fmvtl'l Lk^T •L'uiJwn?X uj'Ji; V THE CHEWING LICE World Checklist and Biological Overview by Roger D. Price University of Minnesota Ronald A. Hellenthal University of Notre Dame Ricardo L. Palma Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Kevin P. Johnson Illinois Natural History Survey Dale H. Clayton University of Utah Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24 Copyright ©2003 by the Illinois Natural History Survey, David L. Thomas, Chief The Natural History Survey is a division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Joel Brunsvold, Director Printed by the authority of the State of Illinois MJ182652—1,2M—6-03 US ISSN 0888-9546 ISBN 1-882932-08-0 Library of Congress Control number: 2003106234 The Chewing Lice Edited by Charles Warwick Citation: Price, R.D., R.A. Hellenthal, R.L. Palma, K.P. Johnson, and D.H. Clayton. 2003. The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp. Equal opportunity to participate in programs of the Illinois Department ofNatural Resources (IDNR) and those funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies is available to all individuals regardless of race, sex, national origin, disability, age, religion, or other non-merit factors. If you believe you have been discriminated against, contact the funding source's civil rights office and/or the Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, IDNR, One Natural Resources Way, Springfield, IL 62702-1271; 217/785-0067; TTY 217/782-9175. This publication is printed with soy ink on recycled and recyclable paper Illustrations on cover and endpapers Cover: dorsal Haematomyzus porci (Rhynchophthirina: Haematomyzidae) male from the red river hog (Polamochoerus porcus). Endpapers: dorsal Colpocephalum fregili (Amblycera: Mcnoponidae) male from the red-billed chough (Pyrrhocoraxpyrrhocorax), dorsal Haematomyzus porci male, dorsal Quadraceps crassipedalis (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) female from the least seed-snipe (Thinocorus rumicivorus), dorsal Geomydoecus telli (Ischnocera: Trichodectidae) female from the Llano pocket gopher (Pappogeomys gymnurus tellus). ii To Theresa Clay (1911-1995) K.C. Emerson (1918-1993) In recognition of their lifetime of contributions to chewing louse systematics. 111 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from BHL-SIL-FEDLINK https://archive.org/details/chewingliceworldOOunse Contents Preface IX World Checklist of Chewing Lice with Host Associations and Keys to Families and Genera by Roger D. Price, Ronald A. Hellenthal, and Ricardo L. Palma_ 1 Introduction. 3 Checklist Data. 4 Chewing Louse-Host Specificity . 6 Fossil Phthiraptera . 6 Louse Classification. 7 Chewing Louse Collection and Preparation. 8 External Louse Morphology. 8 Checklist Coverage and Organization . 9 Data Representation and Checklist Production . 10 Literature Cited. 11 Keys to Chewing Louse Families and Genera with Genus Illustrations. 13 Key to Phthiraptera Suborders and Chewing Louse Families . 13 Keys to Genera of Chewing Lice by Host Order. 15 Birds. 15 Mammals . 25 Genus Illustrations . 28 Chewing Lice of the World with Host Associations. 73 Boopiidae . 73 Gyropidae. 75 Haematomyzidae. 79 Laemobothnidae. 79 Menoponidae . 82 Philoptendae. 140 Ricinidae. 246 Trichodectidae . 252 Trimenoponidae . 275 Unknown. 276 Hosts with Chewing Louse Associations . 277 Birds. 277 Ansenformes - screamers, ducks, geese, swans .'. 277 Apodiformes - swifts, hummingbirds . 282 Apterygiformes - kiwis . 285 Capnmulgiformes - oilbird, frogmouths, nightjars. 285 Casuariiformes - emus, cassowaries . 285 v Charadriiformes - plovers, gulls, tems, puffins. 285 Ciconiiformes - flamingos, herons, storks. 298 Coliiformes - mousebirds . 302 Columbiformes - sandgrouse, doves, pigeons. 302 Coraciiformes - kingfishers, todies, hombills. 309 Cuculiformes - cuckoos, turacos, road-runners. 312 Falconiformes - vultures, hawks, falcons . 314 Galliformes - pheasants, fowl, turkeys . 321 Gaviiformes - divers . 332 Gruiformes - cranes, rails, bustards. 332 Passeriformes - broadbills, songbirds . 336 Pelecaniformes - boobies, pelicans, cormorants. 362 Piciformes - woodpeckers, toucans, barbets. 364 Podicipediformes - grebes. 368 Procellariiformes - albatrosses, petrels. 368 Psittaciformes - cockatoos, lories, parrots. 374 Rheiformes - rheas. 380 Sphemsciformes - penguins. 380 Strigiformes - owls . 380 Struthioniformes - ostriches . 383 Tinamiformes - tinamous. 383 Trogoniformes - trogons . 387 Mammals. 387 Artiodactyla - even-toed ungulates . 387 Carnivora - carnivores. 389 Dasyuromorphia - carnivorous marsupials . 392 Didelphimorphia - American opossums . 393 Diprotodontia - koalas, wombats, possums, macropods, etc. 393 Hyracoidea - hyraxes. 394 Paucituberculata - shrew opossums. 395 Peramelemorphia - bandicoots, bilbies. 396 Perissodactyla - odd-toed ungulates . 396 Primates - primates . 396 Proboscidea - elephants. 396 Rodentia - rodents. 396 Xenarthra - edentates. 413 Bibliography . 415 The Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Chewing Lice by Kevin P. Johnson and Dale C. Clayton. 449 Biology . 451 Introduction. 451 Morphology, Physiology, and Behavior. 453 Ecology. 457 Population Dynamics and Community Ecology. 457 Host Defense. 459 Effects of Chewing Lice. 460 Biogeography . 461 vi