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Spoken World: Greek (with Audio) PDF

180 Pages·2009·608.2 MB·English
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LIVING LANGUAGE? a Living Language® presents a simple and effective introduction to Greek, providing you with the essentials for learning to speak, understand, read, and write Greek. You don’t need any back- ground in the language—each new concept is explained clearly with plenty of examples, making this course ideal for beginners or anyone who wants a thorough review. SPEAK -— Natural dialogues, clear grammar, essential vocabulary, and key phrases LISTEN — Two sets of recordings on six audio CDs for use with the book or on the go PRACTICE — Plenty of exercises, both written and recorded EXPLORE — Real-life discovery activities; internet resources; notes on culture, cuisine, history, and more EXPAND — A useful guide to the Greek alphabet and pronunciation, and an extensive two-way glossary Why Choose Living Language®? + The Living Language® method is proven and simple. « There are no phony gimmicks or fad techniques. + Millions have learned a new language with Living Language® since 1946. Design by Chie Ushic Phote © Robert Harding Picture 1} Living Language, A Random Hous © 2000 by Living Language wee livinglanguage cen SPOKEN WORLD GREEK A COMPLETE COURSE FOR BEGINNERS written by Elpida Argyrakopoulos edited by Christopher A, Warnasch, Shaina Malkin, and Katerina Zombolou, Ph.D. LIVING LANGUAGE sh Copyright © 2009 by Living Language, an imprint of Random House, Inc. Living Language is a member of the Random House Information Group Living Language and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Map © Fodor's Travel, a division of Random House, Inc, Allrights reserved. Published in the United States by Living Language, an imprint of Random House, Inc. wwwlivinglanguage.com Editors: Christopher Warnasch, Shaina Malkin Production Editor: Carolyn Roth Production Manager: Tom Marshall Interior Design: Sophie Ye Chin First Edition ISBN: 978-1-4000-2459-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request. This book is available at special discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions or premiums. Special editions, including personalized covers, excerpts of existing books, and corporate imprints, can be created in large quantities for special needs. For more information, write to Special Mar- kets/Premium Sales, 1745 Broadway, MD 6-2, New York, New York 10019 or e-mail [email protected]. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 10987654321 DEDICATION To my brother Constantinos, to whom | always look up! ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to the Living Language team: Tom Russell, Nicole Benhabib, Chris- topher Warnasch, Zviezdana Verzich, Suzanne McQuade, Shaina Malkin, Elham Shabahat, Sophie Chin, Linda Schmidt, Alison Skrabek, Carolyn Roth, and Tom Marshall. Special thanks to Alexandra loannidou. Course Outline Introduction How to use this course The Greek alphabet and pronunciation Xiti VOCABULARY GRAMMAR LESSON 1 WELCOME TO GREEK CLASS! = 1 Saying hello and good-bye, and other greetings and courtesy expressions. LESSON 2 THE FAMILY Basic vocabulary and structure for talking about family and friends. 1. Subject pronouns 2. The verb eipoxt (I-me} (to be) 3. Asking yes/no questions 4. Gender and articles 15 1. The simple present of £4 (E-kho) (to have) 2. The plural of masculine nouns 3. Negative sentences 4. Numbers 1-20 LESSON 3 WELCOME TO OUR HOUSE! =F 31 Everyday objects around the home and descriptive terms. LESSON & DAILY LIFE Talking about your daily routine and asking questions. 1. Indefinite articles 2. Plural of feminine nouns 3. Plural of neuter nouns 4. Using adjectives 5. Possessives 51 1. Present tense of -@ verbs 2, Present tense of -on verbs—the passive voice 3. Questions and question words 4. Numbers 20-100 vi VOCABULARY GRAMMAR LESSON 5 LET'S GO T0 SCHOOL! 69 Talking about school, courses, and studying. LESSON 6 LET'S GO SHOPPING! Vocabulary and expressions for buying things. LESSON 7 FOODS AND FLAVORS! Vocabillary and expressions related to ordering food and eating. Expressing likes and dislikes. LESSON & AROUND TOWN Vocabulary related to towns and cities. Getting around and asking directions. LESSON 9 MAKING A PHONE CALL! © MAKING AN APPOINTMENT Speaking on the phone, making appointments, telling time, and giving dates. 1. Days of the week, months, and seasons 2. More on negation 3. Demonstratives 4. Present tense conjugation of Group 2 verbs 89 1. The comparative and superlative of adjectives 2. Common irregular verbs 3. Quantity expressions 4. Group 2 verbs in the passive 107 1. Expressing eiplon and éy@ in the past 2. The simple past of other verbs 3. Object pronouns and the accusative case 4. Expressing likes and dislikes 5. Ordinal numbers : 127 1. The imperative 2, The accusative case 3. Accusative adjective agreement 4. Accusative prepositions 149 1, Numbers above 100 2, Telling time 3. Polite requests 4. Dates VOCABULARY | GRAMMAR t LESSON 10 THE BODY AND HEALTH Going to the doctor's office and the pharmacy, Important vocabulary and expressions for talking about sickness, health, and the human body. LESSON 11 COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET Talking about computers, hardware and software, and using the internet. ' LESSON 12 RUNNING ERRANDS } Vocabulary and expressions for taking care of everyday needs and obligations, LESSON 13 AT WORK Jobs, professions, workplaces, and companies. LESSON 44 FREE TIME Hobbies, free time, and recreational activities. LESSON 15 SPORTS AND THE OUTDOORS Sports, the outdoors, nature, and the weather, Greek-English glossary English-Greek glossary 167 1. Genitive case of nouns and articles 2. Adjectives in the genitive 3. Indirect objects 4. Genitive case prepositions 187, 1. The simple future tense 2. Simple future of irregular verbs 3. Indefinites 203 1, The use of vor 2. Modals 3. The subjunctive 221 1. Word order 2. Two-word prepositions 3. Reflexive verbs and pronouns 237 1. More on the passive voice 2, Relative clauses 3. Strong and weak pronoun. forms 257 1. The weather 2. The past continuous tense 3. The conditional 305 Course outline aulyyno asino) iii Introduction This course is designed to provide you with an easy and practical introduc- tion to the language. It will help you learn the basics of Greek vocabulary, structure, and conversation, so that you'll be able to take part in every day conversations, find your way around, and make yourself understood in a range of situations in Greek. Of course, learning a language is not a simple thing; it takes time, patience, and commitment, but it can be a lot of fun and very rewarding. This program doesn’t assume that you have any knowledge of Greek, or that you're a whiz with grammatical concepts. Everything is explained in plain English, grammatical concepts are put in simple language, and there are plenty of examples to help you understand each point as you progress through the course. You'll probably find that with this course, Greek comes to you far more painlessly than you would have imagined! But before you begin, take a moment to read the “How to Use This Course” section, so that you can get the most out of Spoken World: Greek by Living Language. HOW TO USE THIS COURSE This beginner-level course is designed to use both audio and visual instruc- tion to help you master the basics of Greek. No previous knowledge of Greek is assumed. Following this introduction, you'll find a section that teaches you every- thing you need to know about the Greek alphabet and pronunciation. Use it in conjunction with the audio to become fully acquainted with the sounds of Greek. Imitate the native speakers that you hear, but don’t be worried if you don’t sound quite native yourself; after all, you're not. Good proriun- ciation will come in time. Just use the pronunciation section enough to familiarize yourself with the sounds and spelling of Greek. Then you can begin the fifteen lessons, each of which is dedicated to a particular topic and to specific structural points. As a general piece of advice, fight the urge to skip ahead or rush over any part of this course. It’s designed in a careful sequence, and each section rep- resents a building block that adds to everything before it while at the ee time preparing you for everything that comes after it. Always ee a ae ; at your own pace; if you don’t understand something, oF if you d lon’t feel quite comfortable with some point, simply go over it again. That’ 8 the best way to make sure your learning experience is painless and effective. Each lesson of this course contains the following sections: Vocabulary warm-up The vocabulary warm-up kicks off the lesson with key words you'll hear in the dialogue. Many will be related to the topic of the lesson; some will be related to the grammar you'll be learning in that particular lesson. The dialogue in each lesson serves the double purpose of allowing you to read and hear natural Greek at work and introducing you to Greek cul- ture. Read these dialogues carefully; they'll contain the grammar and key phrases that you will be learning later in the lesson. Don't be afraid to read them several times, and listen to them on the recordings a few times, as well. Always go at your own pace, and stick with a section until you're comfortable with it. Vocabulary The vocabulary list contains new words from the dialogue as well as other words related to the overall topic of the lesson. You can refer to this list while reading through the dialogue, but, of course, the translation of the dialogue is provided as well. Use the vocabulary lists as a chance to build a good foundation for your Greek vocabulary, one topic at a time. Experi- ment with different methods of learning vocabulary—spoken or written repetition, flash cards, practice sentences, web searches . . . Be creative, and find what works for you. Key phrases The key phrases section contains more practical words or phrases related to the lesson topic. Don’t worry if you don't grasp the grammar behind each phrase right away. Treat the phrases as extended vocabulary lists; the grammar will be filled in as you progress, and the idiomatic and practical expressions you learn in the key phrases will come in handy. Culture notes Each lesson contains two culture notes. These notes are intended to give you a window on Greek culture. They cover topics such as food, clothing, ; ‘Greek manners, and etiquette, and they also give you a chance to “tour” the differ- ent regions of Greece Grammar Each lesson contains a number of notes on particular aspects of Greek grammar. These notes are introduced in a careful sequence, so that they build on one another, and they explain the key structures you encounter in the lesson—particularly, in the dialogue. Each topic is explained in plain and simple language, and there are plenty of examples to help you under- stand. Grammar can be tricky for many beginning language learners, so take your time on the grammar notes. Grammar is the nuts-and-bolts of any language learning; without it, you wouldn't know how to put words together! Exercises The exercises in each lesson will give you more opportunities to practice the grammar and vocabulary you've learned in each lesson. Each lesson includes an answer key at the end, so you can check your progress. Independent challenge The most important part of learning a language is practice. These chal- lenge activities are designed to give you ideas for finding contexts in your life where you can practice your Greek. They're meant as a guide; if you feel inspired to create your own independent challenge activities, go right ahead. The more contact you have with a language, the better you'll learn it. And don't forget about the internet. Language learners now have an incredible tool at their disposal—they can find newspapers, blogs, online teferences, travel and tourism sites, and much, much m: ore, all of which can be used to add depth and color to language lessons. Audio The audio portion of this course is divided into two sets: Set A and Set B. Set A includes the vocabulary warm-up, dialogue, vocabulary, key phrases, and grammar examples from cach lesson. English translations are not in- cluded. This part of the audio course should be used along with the book, following the order of cach lesson, to allow you to hear the words on the page in spoken Greek. A good approach is to read each section first without the audio so that you're prepared to get the most out of the audio when you. do listen to it. Then, take it step-by-step and listen to each section at a time, always allowing yourself the time and repetition that you need, *Helpful Hint: Once you've listened to the dialogue several times while reading along in the book, try listening to it without the help of the book. Introduction uorpnponuy xi xii) | This will help tune your ear to Greek, and it will make understanding the spoken language easier down the line. It con- Set B is intended to be used on the go to supplement your studies tains the dialogue from each lesson, broken down into easily digestible sen- tences. You'll hear pauses after each sentence, phrase, or line of dialogue; use the pause to repeat-what you heard and practice your pronunciation. Set B also includes several audio-only exercises that do not appear in the book but are based on the dialogue and exactly the same grammar topics. The exercises in Set B do include English. A good way to make use of Set B is to listen to it following each lesson, once you've comfortably finished reading the text and listening to the Set A audio. Use Set B wherever it's convenient for you—in the car, on the train, at the gym, while you do the dishes, in the garden . . . It's up to you. You can also use Set B as a review of lessons you've long since completed to keep you on your toes! Glossary At the end of this book you'll find a Greek-English/English-Greek glossary. It includes all of the words from the vocabulary lists, plus any important vocabulary that's taught in the grammar topics. It also includes a wide range of common and practical words that may not come up in the con- text of this course. It’s not meant as a complete dictionary, but it certainly includes enough to be a valuable reference tool for the beginning student of Greek. As you use this course, keep this in mind: Language learning is 2 grad- ual process; it won't happen overnight. Still, with repeated exposure and practice, you'll find yourself becoming a better and better Greek speaker each time you pick up this course. But languages aren’t just used in books; they're used by people. So, if you can, seek out speakers of Greek where you live or on the internet. That way, you can practice the language and discover new people while you do. Kodi) emvtuyta! (ka-LI e-pi-ti-KHI-al) Best of luck! Greek The Greek alphabet and Pronunciation THE GREEK ALPHABET Let’s start by looking at the entire Greek alphabet, along with the names of the letters and their approximate pronunciation. Notice that the names of the letters in Modern Greek aren’t quite the same as the names of the letters in Ancient Greek—for example, VI-ta instead of beta. LETTER GREEK NAME —-PHONETICNAME APPROXIMATE TRANSLITERATION : a PRONUNCIATION A, a doa. Alfa ain father’ a BB Bata Vieta vin very v T,y you GHA-ma yin yes, gin yigh Spanish fago A,6 BEAT “ DHEL-ta thin that dh Ee éytdov Epsilon einget se ZO Ghro Tita zin z00 7 i Hq fto I-ta ein see i 0,8 Onto Teta thin think th Tu néto. Yo-ta celn see Vee K,« koma, a. kin kite k AA Dede. \aM-dha Fin Jook ! My pw mi Q min me m N,V vu ni nin im n =, & & et sin sticks ks 0,0 — dptxpov —o-mi-kron oin not o Ti, ma pi pin pike p xiv Pip po ro ‘Zo, ota siGH-ma (final) Tt TOD “taf Y,v tyov I-psi-lon poe fo Xx ou ki wy yw asi ‘Qo ape —o-MEaha TRANSLITERATION The transliteration used in the first two lessons of this course is meant to be intuitive and simple to use, but it is only an approximation of the actual Greek sounds. Many Greek sounds are similar, but not identical, to English sounds, so even though the transliteration will look like a familiar English letter, the actual quality of that letter will be slightly different from English, Also, many Greek sounds don’t exist in English, and vice versa, so it’s impossible to completely capture them in a transliteration system based on English. It is therefore very important to make use of the record- ings (or of native speakers of Greek) to hear how these sounds should be pronounced. Finally, note that word stress is indicated in transliteration with capital letters. For example, the word EAAGSct (Greece) is represented as e-LA-dha, with the stress on the second syllable. VOWELS Now let's look more closely at Greek vowels, including both single vow- els and vowel combinations. Remember that A, o has the sound of a in father. A, @ Both O, 0 and Q, @ are pronounced like o in not. But the sound is more rounded, closer to the vowel in talk (if you distinguish it from tock). Greek Apeptkovec amo rin rich sin see, zin zoo tin take eein see fin for hin hope, chin loch psin upset oin not a-PO siz a-me-ri-ka-NOS American from té0G TE-los end vepo ne-RO water | Q, o pévo ME-no 1 stayllive apo. O-ra time, hour The single vowel E, € and the vowel combination ot both sound like e in get. E, eo ql pévete ME-ne-te you stay/live (pl.) . 620 THE-Io J want ol KO ke and i etplon (me tam There are six different ways of spelling the sound of ee in see in Greek: the simple vowels H/, If, and Y/v, and the combinations €1, OL, and vt. Hy, : om sti to/in/at the : ; boentis ma-thi-TIs student (m.) yt Ts tis : the : i oni SPI-ti house ¥v : ond i-Po | under : dorepa Ieste-ra then, afterwards | el eipon I-me lam : elvon I-ne helshefit is ou ROWOG} " pyos? : who? : Téddor GHAI French (m.) w ‘vuobernpévog —_yo-the-ti-ME-nos adopted (m.) viodetd yo-the-10 1 adopt Note that the vowels and vowel combinations 1, 1, V, €1, and OL are pro- nounced like y in yes when they're unstressed and immediately before an- other vowel. FOG; pyos? who? yog yos son OLKOYEVELOL : i-ko-YE-nya family The Greek alphabet and pronunciation uonelunuosd pue yaqeydje yaaig ayy xv

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