Soil Survey of Washington County, Illinois

2010·42.1 MB·English

by  USDA NRCS

United States In cooperation with Illinois Soil Survey of
Department of Agricultural Experiment
Agriculture Station
Washington
County, Illinois
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service

How To Use This Soil Survey
This publication consists of a manuscript and a set of soil maps. The information
provided can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.
To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map
Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.
Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in
that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and
shows the page where each map unit is described.
The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed
soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address
your specific needs.
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort
of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State
agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural
Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has
leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. This survey was
made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Illinois
Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the
Washington County Soil and Water Conservation District. Financial assistance was
provided by the Washington County Board and the Illinois Department of Agriculture.
Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 2005. Soil names and
descriptions were approved in 2005. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this
publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2005. The tables reflect the data in
effect as of September 2009. The most current official data are available on the Internet
(http://soils.usda.gov).
Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these
maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,
maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a
larger scale.
Nondiscrimination Statement
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for
communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA’s TARGET Center at [phone] (voice and TDD). To file a complaint
of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence
Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call [phone] (voice) or (202) 720-
6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available online
from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.
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Contents
How To Use This Soil Survey......................................................................................i
Foreword.....................................................................................................................ix
General Nature of the County...................................................................................... 3
Climate..................................................................................................................... 3
Ecology, Physiography, Relief, and Drainage.......................................................... 3
How This Survey Was Made........................................................................................ 4
Detailed Soil Map Units ............................................................................................. 7
2A—Cisne silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.............................................................. 8
3A—Hoyleton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes......................................................... 9
3B—Hoyleton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes....................................................... 10
4B—Richview silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...................................................... 10
4C2—Richview silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded......................................11
5C2—Blair silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded............................................ 12
5C3—Blair silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded .................... 13
5D—Blair silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes ......................................................... 14
5D3—Blair silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded .................. 15
7D3—Atlas silty clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded.................. 15
8D2—Hickory silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded ..................................... 16
8D3—Hickory clay loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded..................... 17
8F—Hickory silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes..................................................... 18
8F2—Hickory silt loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes, eroded...................................... 19
8F3—Hickory clay loam, 18 to 35 percent slopes, severely eroded..................... 19
8G—Hickory silt loam, 35 to 70 percent slopes .................................................... 20
12A—Wynoose silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.................................................... 21
13A—Bluford silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 22
13B—Bluford silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ....................................................... 23
13B2—Bluford silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded........................................ 23
14B—Ava silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes............................................................. 24
14C2—Ava silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ........................................... 25
14C3—Ava silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded ................... 26
31A—Pierron silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 27
46A—Herrick silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ....................................................... 27
48A—Ebbert silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................................ 28
50A—Virden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes......................................................... 29
79B2—Menfro silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded ........................................ 30
79C2—Menfro silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded...................................... 30
84A—Okaw silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.......................................................... 31
112A—Cowden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.................................................... 32
113A—Oconee silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .................................................... 33
113B—Oconee silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes .................................................... 34
120A—Huey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................................ 34
127B—Harrison silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ................................................... 35
164A—Stoy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.......................................................... 36
164B—Stoy silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.......................................................... 37
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338A—Hurst silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........................................................ 38
423A—Millstadt silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.................................................... 38
432B—Geff silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.......................................................... 39
477B—Winfield silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.................................................... 40
477C2—Winfield silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded .................................. 41
517A—Marine silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes...................................................... 41
533—Urban land ................................................................................................... 42
582B—Homen silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..................................................... 42
582C2—Homen silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded.................................... 43
582C3—Homen silty clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded............ 44
657A—Burksville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................................................. 45
796A—Huey-Burksville silt loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes...................................... 46
797D3—Hickory-Homen silty clay loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely
eroded............................................................................................................. 47
801B—Orthents, silty, undulating .......................................................................... 48
821C—Morristown silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes............................................. 49
821G—Morristown channery silt loam, 12 to 60 percent slopes........................... 49
878C2—Coulterville-Grantfork silt loams, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded ........... 50
878C3—Coulterville-Grantfork silty clay loams, 5 to 10 percent slopes,
severely eroded............................................................................................... 51
880B2—Darmstadt-Coulterville silt loams, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded............ 53
882A—Oconee-Darmstadt-Coulterville silt loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes ............. 54
882B—Oconee-Darmstadt-Coulterville silt loams, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............. 55
884B2—Bunkum-Coulterville silt loams, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded ............... 57
885A—Virden-Fosterburg silt loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 58
894A—Herrick-Biddle-Piasa silt loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes.............................. 59
908F—Hickory-Kell silt loams, 18 to 35 percent slopes........................................ 61
908G—Kell-Hickory silt loams, 35 to 70 percent slopes ....................................... 62
912A—Hoyleton-Darmstadt silt loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes............................... 63
912B2—Hoyleton-Darmstadt silt loams, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded................ 64
929D3—Hickory-Ava silty clay loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely
eroded............................................................................................................. 65
934D3—Blair-Grantfork silt loams, 10 to 18 percent slopes, severely
eroded............................................................................................................. 66
991A—Cisne-Huey silt loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes............................................ 68
993A—Cowden-Piasa silt loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes........................................ 69
1288A—Petrolia silty clay loam, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently
flooded............................................................................................................. 70
1334A—Birds silt loam, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded...... 71
3076A—Otter silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded........................ 71
3108A—Bonnie silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded..................... 72
3288A—Petrolia silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded........... 73
3333A—Wakeland silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded................ 74
3334A—Birds silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded........................ 75
3336A—Wilbur silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded...................... 76
3382A—Belknap silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded................... 76
3415A—Orion silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded....................... 77
7084A—Okaw silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded.............................. 78
7122B2—Colp silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, rarely flooded................ 79
7337A—Creal silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded .............................. 80
7338A—Hurst silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded .............................. 81
7468A—Lakaskia silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded......................... 81
8109A—Racoon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded................ 82
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MW—Miscellaneous water.................................................................................... 83
W—Water .............................................................................................................. 83
Use and Management of the Soils.......................................................................... 85
Interpretive Ratings ............................................................................................... 85
Rating Class Terms ........................................................................................... 85
Numerical Ratings............................................................................................. 86
Crops and Pasture................................................................................................. 86
Limitations Affecting Cropland and Pastureland ............................................... 86
Yields per Acre .................................................................................................. 90
Land Capability Classification ........................................................................... 91
Prime Farmland................................................................................................. 92
Hydric Soils............................................................................................................ 92
Forestland Management and Productivity............................................................. 94
Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings............................................................. 95
Recreational Development .................................................................................... 96
Wildlife Habitat....................................................................................................... 97
Engineering............................................................................................................ 99
Building Site Development.............................................................................. 100
Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................................ 101
Construction Materials..................................................................................... 103
Water Management......................................................................................... 105
Soil Properties........................................................................................................ 107
Engineering Index Properties.............................................................................. 107
Physical Properties.............................................................................................. 108
Chemical Properties .............................................................................................110
Water Features.....................................................................................................111
Soil Features.........................................................................................................112
Classification of the Soils......................................................................................115
Soil Series and Their Morphology ........................................................................115
Atlas Series ......................................................................................................116
Ava Series........................................................................................................117
Belknap Series .................................................................................................119
Biddle Series ................................................................................................... 120
Birds Series..................................................................................................... 122
Blair Series...................................................................................................... 123
Bluford Series.................................................................................................. 125
Bonnie Series.................................................................................................. 127
Bunkum Series................................................................................................ 128
Burksville Series.............................................................................................. 130
Cisne Series.................................................................................................... 132
Colp Series...................................................................................................... 133
Coulterville Series ........................................................................................... 136
Cowden Series................................................................................................ 139
Creal Series..................................................................................................... 141
Darmstadt Series............................................................................................. 142
Ebbert Series................................................................................................... 144
Fosterburg Series............................................................................................ 146
Geff Series....................................................................................................... 148
Grantfork Series .............................................................................................. 150
Harrison Series................................................................................................ 152
Herrick Series.................................................................................................. 154
Hickory Series................................................................................................. 156
Homen Series.................................................................................................. 157
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Hoyleton Series............................................................................................... 160
Huey Series..................................................................................................... 162
Hurst Series..................................................................................................... 164
Kell Series ....................................................................................................... 166
Lakaskia Series............................................................................................... 168
Marine Series .................................................................................................. 170
Menfro Series.................................................................................................. 172
Millstadt Series................................................................................................ 174
Morristown Series............................................................................................ 176
Oconee Series................................................................................................. 177
Okaw Series.................................................................................................... 180
Orion Series .................................................................................................... 182
Otter Series ..................................................................................................... 183
Petrolia Series................................................................................................. 185
Piasa Series .................................................................................................... 186
Pierron Series.................................................................................................. 189
Racoon Series................................................................................................. 191
Richview Series............................................................................................... 193
Stoy Series ...................................................................................................... 194
Virden Series................................................................................................... 197
Wakeland Series ............................................................................................. 198
Wilbur Series................................................................................................... 199
Winfield Series ................................................................................................ 201
Wynoose Series .............................................................................................. 203
Formation of the Soils........................................................................................... 207
Factors of Soil Formation .................................................................................... 207
Parent Material................................................................................................ 207
Climate and Living Organisms ........................................................................ 208
Relief ............................................................................................................... 208
Time................................................................................................................. 208
Processes of Soil Formation................................................................................ 208
References...............................................................................................................211
Glossary.................................................................................................................. 213
Tables...................................................................................................................... 233
Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation ............................................................ 234
Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall.......................................................... 235
Table 3.—Growing Season.................................................................................. 235
Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils...................................236
Table 5.—Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland............ 238
Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture ................ 247
Table 7.—Prime Farmland................................................................................... 253
Table 8.—Map Units With Major Components of Hydric Soils ............................ 254
Table 9.—Map Units With Minor Components of Hydric Soils ............................ 256
Table 10a.—Forestland Management ................................................................. 258
Table 10b.—Forestland Management ................................................................. 268
Table 10c.—Forestland Management.................................................................. 275
Table 11.—Forestland Productivity...................................................................... 285
Table 12.—Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........................................ 295
Table 13a.—Recreational Development..............................................................324
Table 13b.—Recreational Development..............................................................337
Table 14.—Wildlife Habitat................................................................................... 347
Table 15a.—Building Site Development..............................................................354
Table 15b.—Building Site Development..............................................................366
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Table 16a.—Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................ 381
Table 16b.—Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................ 395
Table 17a.—Construction Materials..................................................................... 408
Table 17b.—Construction Materials..................................................................... 418
Table 18a.—Water Management......................................................................... 433
Table 18b.—Water Management......................................................................... 445
Table 19.—Engineering Index Properties............................................................ 460
Table 20.—Physical Properties of the Soils......................................................... 488
Table 21.—Chemical Properties of the Soils....................................................... 503
Table 22.—Water Features.................................................................................. 515
Table 23.—Soil Features ..................................................................................... 522
Table 24.—Classification of the Soils .................................................................. 528
Issued 2010
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