Table Of Content

Engineering - Electrical DICKEY S E C O N D E D I T I O N L a s e r B e a m "… covers the major technical areas of beam shaping in outstanding detail. … Clear, careful, and rigorous descriptions make this book easy to read and absorb." —Sandra G. Biedron, PhD, Advanced Beam Laboratory, Colorado State University Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, USA LL “… each topic is developed in detail, from the basic concepts to more aa S h a p i n g the elaborate ones, and always supported by an excellent mathematical ss treatment.” —Raul Hernandez, Department of Physics, Tecnológico ee de Monterrey, Mexico rr "… a super follow up to the first edition, which is already established as the reference text on the subject." BB —Prof. Andrew Forbes, CSIR National Laser Centre, ee T h e o r y a n d T e c h n i q u e s Pretoria, South Africa aa Laser Beam Shaping: Theory and Techniques addresses the theory mm and practice of every important technique for lossless beam shaping. Complete with experimental results as well as guidance on when beam shaping is practical and when each technique is appropriate, the SS Second Edition is updated to reflect significant developments in the hh field. This authoritative text: aa • Features new chapters on axicon light ring generation systems, laser beam splitting (fan-out) gratings, vortex beams, and microlens diffusers pp • Describes the latest advances in beam profile measurement technology ii and laser beam shaping using diffractive diffusers nn • Contains new material on wavelength dependence, channel integrators, geometrical optics, and optical software gg Laser Beam Shaping: Theory and Techniques, Second Edition not only provides a working understanding of the fundamentals, but also offers insight into the potential application of laser beam profile shaping in laser system design. E D I T E D B Y SECOND F R E D M . D I C K E Y K15925 EDITION S E C O N D E D I T I O N L a s e r B e a m S h a p i n g T h e o r y a n d T e c h n i q u e s S E C O N D E D I T I O N L a s e r B e a m S h a p i n g T h e o r y a n d T e c h n i q u e s EDITED BY F R E D M . D I C K E Y Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140402 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-6101-4 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................ix Editor ........................................................................................................................xi Contributors ...........................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1 Todd E. Lizotte and Fred M. Dickey Chapter 2 Mathematical and Physical Theory of Lossless Beam Shaping ............13 Louis A. Romero and Fred M. Dickey Chapter 3 Laser Beam Splitting Gratings .........................................................103 Louis A. Romero and Fred M. Dickey Chapter 4 Vortex Beam Shaping .......................................................................127 Carlos López-Mariscal and Julio C. Gutiérrez-Vega Chapter 5 Gaussian Beam Shaping: Diffraction Theory and Design ...............151 Fred M. Dickey and Scott C. Holswade Chapter 6 Geometrical Methods .......................................................................195 David L. Shealy and John A. Hoffnagle Chapter 7 Optimization-Based Designs............................................................283 Alexander Laskin, David L. Shealy, and Neal C. Evans Chapter 8 Beam Shaping with Diffractive Diffusers........................................333 Jeremiah D. Brown and David R. Brown Chapter 9 Engineered Microlens Diffusers ......................................................367 Tasso R. M. Sales vii viii Contents Chapter 10 Multi-Aperture Beam Integration Systems ......................................405 Daniel M. Brown, Fred M. Dickey, and Louis S. Weichman Chapter 11 Axicon Ring Generation Systems ....................................................441 Fred M. Dickey, Carlos López- Mariscal, and Daniel M. Brown Chapter 12 Current Technology of Beam Profile Measurement.........................463 Kevin D. Kirkham and Carlos B. Roundy Chapter 13 Classical (Nonlaser) Methods ..........................................................525 David L. Shealy Index ......................................................................................................................559 Preface At the time of the publication of the first edition of this book, there was a significant interest in laser beam shaping for industrial applications and research. A significant amount of this work was not published for proprietary reasons. At that time, people began to publish their work on beam shaping. The interest in laser beam shaping increased dramatically in the following years. This is due to the increase in the number of laser applications that can benefit from shaping the beam, the increase in research in laser beam shaping techniques and the corresponding increase in the lit- erature, and the advances in optical component fabrication technology. The purpose of this edition is to update the book to include significant developments in laser beam shaping theory and techniques. After the Introduction chapter, Chapter 2 presents the underlying electromagnetic theory and mathematical techniques applicable to beam shaping. This chapter is very fundamental and has one minor correction or change. Chapter 3 is a new chapter that presents the theory of optimal beam splitting gratings (fan-out gratings). Chapter 4 is a new chapter that addresses the theory and application of vortex beams. Chapter 5 (former Chapter 3) presents the diffraction approach to single-mode Gaussian beam shaping and includes experimental results. The major changes in this chapter are the inclusion of a new section on wavelength dependence of the problem and an expan- sion of Appendix B. The methods, theory, and application of geometrical optics are discussed in Chapter 6 (former Chapter 4). This chapter is expanded significantly to include the author’s research that was not available at the time of the first edition. Optimization-based techniques are presented in Chapter 7 (former Chapter 5). This chapter is greatly revised around the techniques based on the use of current optical software packages. Beam shaping using diffractive diffusers is introduced in Chapter 8 (former Chapter 6). This chapter is significantly revised. Chapter 9 is a new chapter that presents the theory of beam shaping based on the use of microlens diffusers. Multiaperture beam integration systems, including experiment and design, are presented in Chapter 10 (former Chapter 7). The major change in this chapter is the addition of a new section on channel integrators. Chapter 11 is a new chapter that discusses the generation of light ring patterns using axicons. This chapter includes a technique for the generation of rectangular line light patterns. Beam profile measurement technology is addressed in Chapter 12 (former Chapter 9). This chapter is significantly updated. Chapter 13 (former Chapter 8) discusses the application of geometrical optics methods to classical (nonlaser) shaping problems. The material in these chapters gives the reader a working understanding of the fundamentals of laser beam shaping techniques. It also provides insight into the potential application of laser beam profile shaping in laser system design. The book is intended primarily for optical engineers, scientists, and students who have a need to apply laser beam shaping techniques to improve laser pro- cesses. It should be a valuable asset to someone who researches, designs, procures, ix