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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RENAISSANCE LITERATURE (cid:2)(cid:3) ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RENAISSANCE LITERATURE (cid:2)(cid:3) James Wyatt Cook Encyclopedia ofRenaissance Literature Copyright © 2006 by James Wyatt Cook All rights reserved.No part ofthis book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording,or by any information storage or retrieval systems,without permission in writing from the publisher.For information contact: Facts On File,Inc. An imprint ofInfobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cook,James Wyatt,1932– Encyclopedia ofRenaissance literature / James Cook.— 1st ed. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5624-2 (hardcover :alk.paper) 1.European literature—Renaissance, 1450–1600—Bio-bibliography—Dictionaries.I.Facts On File,Inc.II.Title. PN721.C66 2005 809'.894'09024—dc22 2004029417 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses,associations,institutions,or sales promotions.Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Rachel L.Berlin Cover design by Smart Graphics Printed in the United States ofAmerica VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. C ONTENTS (cid:2)(cid:3) Acknowledgments vii Introduction ix Writers Covered, by Language of Composition xv Authors’Time Line xxi Entries A to Z 1 Selected Bibliography 567 Index 571 This book is for our children and their spouses Allison Amy and David Geoffrey Kathleen Marie and Dean David Mary Sharon and Christopher Wyatt; Their kids: Josh,Leo,Riley,and Sam; and All my former students and their beloveds,especially Jim and Debbie Dawn and Roger Kevin and Tabitha Sandra and Andrew Sandra and Martha Angela and Greg Carol and Misha Susan and Alex Irene and Tom Jon and Leslie Scott and Pam Paula Jean Meghan Lynne Casey Erica Brad Dave and Aiko Anna and Matteo Gl’altri Veneziani,1998 e 99 And the wonderful staffat the Stockwell-Mudd Libraries ofAlbion College: Cheers! A CKNOWLEDGMENTS (cid:2)(cid:3) Every substantial project requires the help of I am also indebted to the hundreds of editors many hands, and this one is no exception. As whose contributions to specialized reference vol- always,my first debt of gratitude is owing to my umes helped to shape my understanding of liter- spouse ofa short 51 years,Barbara.My first-draft ary developments around the world during the editor and an unfailing cheerleader, Barbara 16th and 17th centuries.Rather than name them restrains my verbosity and insists on shorter sen- individually,I gratefully acknowledge having con- tences.I feel deeply grateful.I am also grateful to sulted the following references: my agent,Jodie Rhodes,who suggested this proj- Bright, William, ed. International Encyclopedia of ect,and to my ever-responsive and supportive edi- Linguistics. New York and Oxford: Oxford Uni- tor at Facts On File,Jeff Soloway,whose patience, versity Press,1992. instantaneous response to queries,and mastery of Brockhaus Enzyklopädie.Wiesbaden:F.A.Brockhaus, the techniques of positive reinforcement have 1969. become legendary in our household. Datta,Amaresh,ed.Encyclopedia ofIndian Literature. Mike Van Houten has supported this project at New Delhi:Sahitya Akademi,1989. every step with his expertise as a reference librari- Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jerusalem: The Macmillan an.So have his colleagues Alice Wiley Moore,Car- Company,1971. olyn Gaswick, Michelle Gerry, Cheryl Blackwell, Encyclopaedia ofIslam.Leiden:E.J.Brill and London: and their fearless leader, John Kondelik. My Luzac and Company,ca.1963–ca.1980. thanks,as well,to John and the administration of Garland, Mary, and Henry Garland. The Oxford Albion College for finding me congenial work- Companion to German Literature.Oxford:Oxford space near the resources I required to do this job. University Press,1997. Professor Ananda Lal of St. Xavier University, Grendler,Paul F.,ed.Encyclopedia ofthe Renaissance. Kolkatta, vetted the initial list of Indian literary New York:Scribners,ca.1999. figures to be included in this volume and helpful- Konzett,Matthias,ed.Encyclopedia ofGerman Liter- ly called my attention to certain matters of ature. Chicago and London: Fitzroy Dearborn controversy. Publishers,2000. vii viii Encyclopedia of Renaissance Literature Mair,Victor H.,ed.The Columbia History ofChinese Singer, Isidore, et al., eds. The Jewish Encyclopedia. Literature.New York:Columbia University Press, New York and London: Funk and Wagnalls, 2001. 1924. New Catholic Encyclopedia.New York:McGraw Hill, Finally, permission to quote from Edward 1967. Granville Browne’s translations from the Persian Russel, Rinaldina, ed. The Feminist Encyclopedia of of S¸a¯’ib ofTabriz in volume 4 ofA Literary Histo- Italian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood ry of Persia, 1997, has been granted courtesy of Press,1997. Ibex Books. I NTRODUCTION (cid:2)(cid:3) OVERVIEW AND GUIDE TO USE phy of texts,intended as a recommended reading list for those students who want to look further This reference volume looks at literature written into the topic. during the Renaissance epoch from an atypical Many ofthe writers,works,and literary move- perspective—a global one. Renaissance volumes ments discussed in this book sought innovation historically have dealt exclusively with European by looking back to ancient roots for inspiration. literary phenomena or,more recently,with cultur- For example, the writers of the Ming dynasty ally European literary works expatriate in the New (1368–1644) and the Early Qing (Ch’ing) dynasty World as well.This book attempts to look at typi- (1644–1911) in China looked back for inspiration cal and significant literary effort around the to the literature,especially the poetry of the Tang world.It tries to take into account authors,com- dynasty (618–907)—a period during which the positions,movements,and literary types and ter- Chinese invented printing by word blocks,and lit- minology not only in European culture and its erature flourished.Under the influence ofthe Chi- extensions, but also in the native cultures of the nese Ming literary efflorescence, Korean and New World,in Asia,on the Indian subcontinent, Japanese literature, often written in Chinese as and in the Muslim world both in and outside well as in the native tongues,also blossomed dur- India. The period under consideration focuses mainly on the years 1500–1700, but the encyclo- ing the years of the European Renaissance. The pedia also glances back at a few important ancient mid–15th-century invention of an alphabet for and medieval precursors. the Korean language gave impetus to the growth Most of the entries included here have been ofliterature in that language. suggested by popular anthologies of literature. I In Hindu India, a spiritual movement called have included entries, writers, and texts that are bhakti had been gaining momentum since the ninth often covered in introductory college or advanced century.As its adherents spread its tenets across the high-school classes because the primary intended length and breadth of the subcontinent,the move- reading audience for this book consists ofstudents ment developed characteristics comparable to some in these kinds ofclasses as well as their instructors. displayed by the Protestant Reformation and the Most entries are followed by a selected bibliogra- Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation in Europe. ix