Zoonoses: Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans

554 Pages·2015·13.45 MB·English

by  Rolf Bauerfeind

Zoonoses
Zoonoses
Z
Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans o
FOURTH EDITION o
Zoonoses are a persistent threat to global human health n
Today, more than 200 diseases occurring in humans and animals are o
known to be mutually transmitted. Classic infectious diseases such
s
as rabies, plague, and yellow fever have not been eradicated despite
major efforts. e
New zoonotic diseases are appearing due to global conditions such as Infectious Diseases Transmissible
overpopulation, wars, and food scarcity, which facilitate human contact with s
rodents, stray animals, and their parasites. In addition, humans are unwittingly
from Animals to Humans
becoming accidental hosts and new links in an infectious chain by engaging in
activities such as survival training, which involves camping in open areas, and
consumption of raw or insuffi ciently cooked food.
Zoonotic infections cause a variety of symptoms that often do not provide FOURTH
FOURTH EDITION
clear evidence of a known disease. Zoonoses, Fourth Edition, describes most EDITION
occurring worldwide zoonoses and facilitates the identifi cation, diagnosis, and
treatment of zoonotic infections.
Written by a team of doctors, medical microbiologists, and veterinarians,
this revised and updated edition—translated from the noted German reference
Zoonosen—covers all aspects of the epidemiology and prevention of zoonotic
diseases supported by clear descriptions of various illnesses. Specifi cally, this
fourth edition covers zoonoses caused by
• viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
• infections caused by animal bites KB
• infections and intoxications by animal foods IMA
MU
• iatrogenic transmission of zoonotic pathogens E
SIGR
L F
Zoonoses is an indispensable reference for both clinicians and laboratorians. E•E
N I
CSN
ZCD
KH 
Rolf Bauerfeind, Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, AIE• 
Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany  Fv
•Eo
Alexander von Graevenitz, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich,  ZAR n G
Switzerland H• R
NSA
Peter Kimmig, Department of Parasitology, University Hohenheim, Germany ECE
RHV
Hans Gerd Schiefer, Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany WE
N
Tino Schwarz, Foundation Juliusspital, Würzburg, Germany AI
RT
Werner Slenczka, Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany ZZ

Horst Zahner, Institute for Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen,
Germany
ISBN 9781555819255
90000 >
ROLF BAUERFEIND, ALEXANDER von GRAEVENITZ,
PETER KIMMIG, HANS GERD SCHIEFER, TINO SCHWARZ,

9 781555 819255 WERNER SLENCZKA, HORST ZAHNER
Zoonoses_Full.indd 1 10/28/15 8:49 AM
Zoonoses
Infectious Diseases
Transmissible Between
Animals and Humans

Zoonoses
Infectious Diseases
Transmissible Between
Animals and Humans
Rolf Bauerfeind Tino Schwarz
Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Central Laboratoryand
Diseases of Animals Vaccination Center
Justus Liebig University Giessen Stiftung Juliusspital,
Giessen, Germany Universityof Wuerzburg,
Wuerzburg, Germany
Alexander von Graevenitz
Werner Slenczka
Department of Medical Microbiology
Universityof Zurich Institute for Virology
Zurich, Switzerland University Hospital of Marburg
and Giessen
Peter Kimmig Marburg/Lahn, Germany
Department of Parasitology
Horst Zahner
Universityof Hohenheim
Stuttgart, Germany Institute for Parasitology
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Hans Gerd Schiefer Giessen, Germany
Medical Microbiology
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Giessen, Germany
Copyright©2016byASMPress.ASMPressisaregisteredtrademarkoftheAmericanSocietyforMicrobiology.Allrights
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Copyright©2013byDeutscherÄrzte-VerlagGmbH,Käln.Englishlanguageeditionpublishedinarrangementwith
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Bauerfeind,R.(Rolf),editor.|VonGraevenitz,Alexander,editor.|Kimmig,Peter,editor.|Schiefer,H.G.
(HansGerd),1935-editor.|Schwarz,TinoF.,editor.|Slenczka,Werner,editor.|Zahner,Horst,editor.
Title:Zoonoses:infectiousdiseasestransmissiblebetweenanimalsandhumans/editors,RolfBauerfeind,JustusLiebig
UniversityGiessen,Giessen,Germany;AlexandervonGraevenitz,UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland;Peter
Kimmig,UniversityofHohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany;HansGerdSchiefer,JustusLiebigUniversityGiessen,Gies-
sen,Germany;TinoSchwarz,UniversityofWuerzburg,Wuerzburg,Germany;WernerSlenczka,UniversityHospital
GiessenandMargurg,Marburg/Lahn,Germany;HorstZahner,JustusLiebigUniversityGiessen,Giessen,Germany.
Othertitles:Zoonosen.English
Description:Fourthedition.|Washington,DC:ASMPress,[2016]|?2016|Includesbibliographicalreferencesand
index.
Identifiers:LCCN2015037193|ISBN9781555819255(alk.paper)
Subjects:LCSH:Zoonoses.
Classification:LCCRC113.5.Z68132016|DDC616.95/9–dc23LCrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015037193
ISBN978-1-55581-925-5
e-ISBN978-1-55581-926-2
doi:10.1128/9781555819262
PrintedinCanada
10987654321
Addresseditorialcorrespondenceto:ASMPress,1752NSt.,N.W.,Washington,DC20036-2904,USA.
Sendordersto:ASMPress,P.O.Box605,Herndon,VA20172,USA.
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Online:http://estore.asm.org
Contents
Preface xiii
Introduction xv
Abbreviations xvii
1 ViralZoonoses 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 ClassificationPrinciples 1
1.1.2 Zoonoticviruses 1
1.1.2.1 Bat-borneviruses 3
1.1.2.2 ZoonoticvirusesasB-weapons 4
1.1.2.3 Globaldistributionofzoonoticagents 4
1.1.3 CyclesofArbovirusInfections 5
1.2 ZoonosesCausedbyAlphaviruses 8
1.2.1 Agents 8
1.2.2 AlphaviralZoonoses 8
1.2.3 EasternEquineEncephalitis 10
1.2.4 WesternEquineEncephalitis 12
1.2.5 VenezuelanEquineEncephalitis 14
1.2.6 SemlikiForestFever 16
1.2.7 SindbisFever 17
1.2.8 EpidemicPolyarthritis(RossRiverFever)andBarmahForestFever 18
1.2.9 ChikungunyaFever 21
1.2.10 O’Nyong-NyongFever 24
1.2.11 MayaroFever 25
1.3 ZoonosesCausedbyFlaviviruses 26
1.3.1 Agents 26
1.3.2 ComplexesoftheFlaviviridaewithClinicalImportance 27
1.3.2.1 VirusComplexTransmittedbyTicks 27
v
vi | CONTENTS
1.3.2.2 VirusComplexTransmittedbyMosquitoes:JapaneseEncephalitis
VirusandRelatedEncephalitisViruses 27
1.3.2.3 AgentsCausingYellowFeverandDengue,FormingTwo
CloselyRelatedVirusComplexes 27
1.3.3 ZoonosesCausedbyTick-BorneFlaviviruses 32
1.3.3.1 Tick-BorneEncephalitis(TBE)EuropeanSubtype(CentralEuropean
Encephalitis)andTBEEasternSubtype(RussianSpring-Summer
Meningoencephalitis) 32
1.3.3.2 LoupingIll 37
1.3.3.3 PowassanVirusEncephalitis 38
1.3.3.4 KyasanurForestDiseaseandAlkhurmaVirusHemorrhagicFever 39
1.3.3.5 OmskHemorrhagicFever 40
1.3.4 ZoonosesCausedbyMosquito-BorneFlaviviruses 41
1.3.4.1 JapaneseEncephalitis 41
1.3.4.2 MurrayValleyEncephalitisandKunjinVirusDisease 44
1.3.4.3 St.LouisEncephalitis 46
1.3.4.4 RocioEncephalitis 48
1.3.4.5 WestNileFever 49
1.3.4.6 UsutuVirus 52
1.3.4.7 WesselsbronFever 52
1.3.4.8 YellowFever 53
1.3.4.9 DengueFever(DengueHemorrhagicFeverandDengueShock
Syndrome) 58
1.4 ZoonosesCausedbyBunyaviruses 65
1.4.1 LaCrosse(CaliforniaEncephalitis)Virus,SnowshoeHareVirus,
andTahynaVirus 68
1.4.2 OropoucheFever 70
1.4.3 Crimean-CongoHemorrhagicFever 71
1.4.4 RiftValleyFever 73
1.4.5 SandflyFever 76
1.4.6 ZoonosesCausedbyHantaviruses 78
1.4.6.1 HemorrhagicFeverwithRenalSyndrome(OldWorldHantaviruses)
andHantavirusPulmonarySyndrome(NewWorldHantaviruses) 78
1.5 ZoonosesCausedbyReoviruses(ColtiviridaeandOrbiviridae) 83
1.5.1 GenusColtivirus 83
1.5.1.1 ColoradoTickFever 83
1.5.2 GenusOrbivirus(KemerovoComplex) 85
1.5.3 GenusRotavirus 85
1.6 ZoonosesCausedbyArenaviruses 88
1.6.1 LymphocyticChoriomeningitis 89
1.6.2 LassaFever 92
1.6.3 ZoonosesCausedbyNewWorldArenaviruses
(AgentsofHemorrhagicFever) 95
1.7 ZoonosesCausedbyFiloviruses 97
1.7.1 MarburgVirusHemorrhagicFever 99
1.7.2 EbolaVirusHemorrhagicFever 104
CONTENTS | vii
1.8 ZoonosesCausedbyRhabdoviruses 109
1.8.1 Rabies 110
1.8.2 VesicularStomatitis 117
1.9 ZoonosesCausedbyParamyxoviruses 119
1.9.1 NewcastleDisease 120
1.9.2 ZoonosesCausedbyHendraVirus 122
1.9.3 NipahVirusEncephalitis 124
1.10 ZoonosesCausedbyOrthomyxoviruses 127
1.10.1 Influenza-Viruses 127
1.10.1.1 SwineInfluenzaVirusH1N1 129
1.10.1.2 AvianInfluenzaVirusesH5N1,H7N7,H7N9,andH9N2 131
1.10.2 Thogotoviruses 133
1.11 ZoonosesCausedbyPicornaviruses 134
1.11.1 SwineVesicularDisease 134
1.11.2 Foot-and-MouthDisease 135
1.11.3 Encephalomyocarditis 138
1.12 HepatitisE 139
1.13 Coronaviruses 140
1.13.1 SARS:SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome 141
1.13.2 MiddleEastRespiratorySyndromeCoronavirus
(MERS-CoV) 144
1.14 Retroviruses 147
1.14.1 PrimateT-cell-LymphotropicViruses:PTLV1andPTLV2
(HTLV1and2) 147
1.14.2 Lentiviruses:HIV1andHIV2 149
1.14.3 EndogenousRetroviruses 152
1.15 ZoonosesCausedbyHerpesviruses 153
1.15.1 HerpesBVirus:SimianHerpesInfection 153
1.16 ZoonosesCausedbyPoxviruses 156
1.16.1 ZoonosesCausedbyOrthopoxviruses 158
1.16.2 IndividualOrthopoxvirusInfections 159
1.16.2.1 Monkeypox 159
1.16.2.2 VacciniaVirus 160
1.16.2.3 Buffalopox 163
1.16.2.4 Camelpox 163
1.16.2.5 Cowpox 164
1.16.2.6 Elephantpox 164
1.16.3 ParapoxvirusInfections 165
1.16.3.1 ContagiousEcthymaofSheep(Orf) 165
1.16.3.2 Milker’sNodules(Pseudocowpox) 166
1.16.3.3 PapularStomatitis 166
1.16.4 ZoonosesCausedbyYabapoxviruses 167
1.16.4.1 TanapoxVirus 167
1.16.4.2 YabaMonkeyTumorVirus 167
viii | CONTENTS
1.17 ZoonosesAssociatedwithPrions 167
1.17.1 BovineSpongiformEncephalopathyandtheNewVariantof
Creutzfeldt-Jakobdisease 169
2 BacterialZoonoses 175
2.1 Introduction 175
2.2 Anthrax 175
2.3 Bartonelloses 179
2.3.1 CatScratchDisease 180
2.3.2 EndocarditisduetoBartonellaSpecies 182
2.3.3 BartonellaInfectionsinImmunocompromisedPatients 182
2.4 Borrelioses 183
2.4.1 LymeBorreliosis 183
2.4.2 RelapsingFever 189
2.5 Brucelloses 191
2.6 Campylobacterioses 195
2.7 Chlamydioses 198
2.7.1 Psittacosis/Ornithosis 199
2.7.2 ChlamydiosesTransmittedfromMammals 201
2.8 Ehrlichioses/Anaplasmosis 202
2.9 EnterohemorrhagicEscherichiacoli (EHEC)Infections 206
2.10 Erysipeloid 211
2.11 Glanders 214
2.12 Leptospiroses 216
2.13 Listeriosis 219
2.14 Mycobacterioses 223
2.14.1 InfectionswiththeMycobacteriumtuberculosis
Complex 223
2.14.2 InfectionswithMycobacteriummarinum 228
2.14.3 PossibleZoonoticMycobacterioses 229
2.14.3.1 InfectionswithM.aviumsubsp.avium 230
2.14.3.2 InfectionswithM.aviumsubsp.hominissuis 230
2.14.3.3 InfectionswithM.aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis 231
2.14.3.4 InfectionswithM.genavense 232
2.15 Pasteurelloses 232
2.16 Plague 234
2.17 QFever 238
2.18 RatBiteFever 242
CONTENTS | ix
2.19 Rickettsioses 244
2.19.1 GeneralFeatures 244
2.19.2 RockyMountainSpottedFever 248
2.19.3 MediterraneanSpottedFever 249
2.19.4 AfricanTickBiteFeverandOtherSpottedFeverDiseases 251
2.19.5 RickettsiosesinCentralEurope 252
2.19.6 Rickettsialpox 252
2.19.7 EpidemicTyphus 253
2.19.8 MurineTyphus 254
2.19.9 TsutsugamushiFever(ScrubTyphus) 256
2.20 Salmonelloses 257
2.21 StaphylococcalInfections 262
2.22 StreptococcalInfections 264
2.22.1 GeneralFeatures 264
2.22.2 Streptococcusequiinfections(GroupC) 264
2.22.3 StreptococcussuisInfections(groupsR,S,andT) 266
2.22.4 Streptococcuspyogenes(serogroupA)Infections 267
2.22.5 Streptococcusagalactiae(serogroupB)Infections 267
2.22.6 InfectionswithotherStreptococcusspp 267
2.23 Tularemia 269
2.24 Vibrioses 272
2.24.1 Cholera 273
2.24.2 DiseaseduetootherVibriospp.andcloselyrelatedspecies 275
2.25 Yersinioses(EntericInfectionsduetoYersiniaenterocoliticaand
Y.pseudotuberculosis) 276
2.26 RareandPotentialAgentsofBacterialZoonoses 280
2.26.1 ActinobacillusInfections 280
2.26.2 AeromonasInfections 280
2.26.3 ArcobacterInfections 281
2.26.4 BordetellaInfections 282
2.26.5 CapnocytophagaInfections 283
2.26.6 CorynebacteriumpseudotuberculosisInfections 284
2.26.7 CorynebacteriumulceransInfections 285
2.26.8 DermatophiluscongolensisInfections 286
2.26.9 HelicobacterInfections 287
2.26.10 Melioidosis(BurkholderiapseudomalleiInfections) 288
2.26.11 RhodococcusequiInfections 290
2.26.12 TrueperellapyogenesInfections 291
3 FungalZoonoses 293
3.1 Introduction 293
3.2 DermatophytosesCausedbyMicrosporumspp 293