Zoogeographic and taxonomic notes on spiders of the subfamily Heptathelinae (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)

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Mem. Natn, Sci,Mus.,Tokyo, (33)D,ecember1,2000

Zoogeographic Taxonomic Notes Spiders
and on of

the Subfamily Heptathelinae
(AraneaeMe,sothelae,Liphistiidae)

By
Hirotsugu ONo'

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Introduction
Trapdoor spiders of the family Liphistiid a(eAranett Mee.sothelae) are composed of two recent sub-
famili eLsi,phistiin aaend Heptathelinae b,oth distribut eidn East Asia, from Myanmar, through southern
Japan, China, Vietnam, Thailand and the Malay Peninsula, to Sumatra. More than 70 species ofgenera
Liphisti uSscH[6DTE 1,849 (Liphisti iHenpatea)th,et aK[sHiDA ,1923 and &'uthe HlAauFr, 1983 (Heptathelinae),
were known in this family ,Of these, about 30 species were described under the subfamily Heptathelinae
from Japan, China and Vietnam (HAupT ,1983; SoNG & HAupT, 1984; ONo, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000; SoNG,
Zr{u& CHEN, 1999).

During a collecting trip made in the course ofNatural History Researche sin the Region around Seto
Inland Sea, in 1998, I obtained data on the distributi oonf Hbptathet akikuya iONo, 1998, firom the north-
western part of Shikoku (Ehime Pref,) ,the northeastern part of Kyushu (Oit aand Fukuoka Pref, )a,nd the
southwestern part of Chugoku Distric (tYamaguchi anq Hiroshima Pref.) of Honshu. This region is re-
markable not only as the easternmost edge ofdistributional range of the genus Hbptathela sensu lat obut
also as that of the whole range of the suborder Mesothelae .Some zoogcographic notes are presente don the
basis of results of the research.
Taxonomic notes are also given on heptathelin sepiders. In the recent paper ofmine (ONo, 1999), I
performed a discussio non phylogeny of spiders of the genera Heptathel asensu lat oand RFuthe laand, the
knewn species were classified into five groups. These groups are raised into the generi lceve lin this puper.
Before going furthe rI ,wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Narayoshi K[KuyA, Oita, fbr his kind
aid in my fiel dresearches. Many thanks are also due to all the staff ofthe Department of Entomology, Ha-
noi Agricultura Ulniversity e,specially to Prof .HA Quang Hung, Dr. NGuyEN Duc Khiem and Mr.TRAN
Dinh Chien, and to Mr, DAo Van Khuong, Director of the Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam. This
study was supported by the Grants-in-a iNdos, 06041 1 16 and 09041 167 for Field Research of the Monbusho
Internation aSlcientif iRcesearch PrQgram, and Nos. 07640944 and 10640688 for Scientif iRcesearch from
" Department ofZoology,National Scienc eMuseum, Tokyo
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146 HirotsuguONo

the Ministry of Education, Science ,Sports and Culture ,Japan.
Zoogeographicnotes
The known distribution aralnge of spiders ofthe subfamily Heptathelina ei sshown in Fig. 2, The
northeastern edge of the range is situated in Kyushu, Japan. Altheugh spiders of Heptathel aare distrib-
uted widely in central and southern parts of Kyushu (ONo ,1998) ,they have not been found from western
part ofChugoku Distric tH,onshu, western part of Shikoku and the northern part ofKyushu (SAwAGuT i&
Oz], 1937; NAKAH[RA, 1973; KiKuyA,1993) .In the presen tresearch I made a collecting trip around this
interesti rneggion between Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. Intensiv feiel dresearches were made in the fo1-
lowing areas: Sata-misak iPeninsula i,n Ehime Pref. S,aganoseki Peninsula O,ita-gun ,Hayami-gun, Usa-
gun and Shimoge-gun in Oita Pref. C,hikejo-gun and Yame-gun in Fukuoka Pref, Y,oshiki-gu nand Kumage-
gun in Yamaguchi Preft and Saiki-gu nin Hiroshima Pref. Other than these I made several researches in
Ehime, Kochi and Oita Prefectures for ten years. In Honshu and Shikoku, however, I could not discover
the spiders in question ,nor their retreats (Fi g1,).
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Fig, 1 . Distributio nof Heptathela kik!{y aOiNo, 1 997 in the region around Seto lnlan dSea, southern
Japan (dott peodrtion ).From white portiens no heptathelin espiderhas been found.
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Spider sof Subfamily Heptathelinae 147
KiKuyA (1994 >studied on tolerance for floed damage of the Heptathel aspiders and explained that
thcse spiders were able to endure inundatio nby driftin agnd swimming. The moisture ofearth should be an
important facto fror lif eof heptathelin sepiders, becaus etheir retreats were always buil itn the soil which
contains defini theumidity kept by trees in the forest (sONo ,20eO) .K[KuyA also suggested that the distribu-
tion of Heptathela spiders should have a ¢ lose connection with lineage of rivers.
It cannot be neglected to presume that the Heptaihel aspiders could drif tacross Bungo Strai tor Seto
Inland Sea with their biolog¢ial abilities and extend their distributi oenastward to Shikoku and Honshu.
The westernmost point of Satamisaki Peninsula of Ehime Pref. ,Shikoku, is only about 1O km distant from
Saganosek iofOita Pref. K,yushu. However, the result of researches indicat tehsat other geologica flactors
hithert ounknown should be exsist,
Besides, the northwestern edge ofdistributienal range of the subfami]y lle sin lower basin ofHwangho
River in Hebei and Shanxi Provinces in China. The northern barrie rfor distributi oofn heptatheline spi-
ders may be the climate, mainly temperature, while the southern limi tofthe distributio nraalnge, probably
in the mountainous areas ofcentral Vietnam and Laos, can be decided by biologic aalnd evolutionary fac-
tors, for example, the relationships with spiders ofthe Liphistii naAe l.in eefthe western limi ctan be easily
d ra w n i n th e a re as b e t we e n t e m pe r a te f o r e s t asn d, grasslands or high mountains.
Taxonomic notes
The subfamily Heptathelina eseems to include some heterogeneou selements. HAupT (1983 d)ivided
Japanese species into two genera, HeptatAel aand RF,uth eandla discusse dabout phylogenetic relationships
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Fig, 2. Distributiona lrange ofthe subfamily Heptathelinae in East Asia (shade darea).
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14g HirotsuguONo
Fig, 3. Distribution of genera of the subfamily Heptathelinae, - A, Ryuthel HaAupT, 1983 ;B,
H4ptathela KTsmDA, 1923 ;C, Aheathela gen. nov,; D, Songtheta gen. nov.; E, P7nathela gen. nov.
B
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Fig ,4, Diagrams offemale genitalia .-A, Ryuthe lHaAupT, 1983 ;B. Heptathel KaisHiDA ,1923 ;C,
Abcathela gen. nov.; D, Songthel agen. nov.; E, I'Vnathet gaen, nov.
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Spider sof Subfamil yHeptathelinae 149
of the species within Heptathelina cmainly based on the characters in male genita lorgan (HAupz 1990).
On the other hand ,RAvEN (1985 d)id not receive apomerphic charactes selected by HAupT and regarded that
the monophyly of Heptathela + Ityuthela was in littl deoubt, Having accounted also much ofcharacteris-
tic sin maLe organ, ONo & NisHiKA"'A (1989 m)isunderstood relationships between Llbptathela amamiensis
HAupT, 1983, from Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and the continental species, H hangzhouensi CsHEN. ZHANG et
ZHu, 1981, and regarded that both species are close te each other,
In the recent paper of mine (ONo, 1999) ,I reexamined the species of Heptathelina eand performed a
classification mainly based on the structure of female genital i(aFig 4.). The species were classified into five
groups with allopatry in their distribut (iFoing 3,) .As a measure to express diversi twyithin the subfamily,
these groups are herewith raised into the generic !eve las follows.
FamilyLiphistiidaTeHoR}tLL,1g69

SubfamilyHeptathelinae KIsHIDA, 1923

Genus RyutheHlAaupT, 1983

Heptathela H:Aupr, 1979 ,p. 356; RAyEN, 1985, p. 15; YAa]NuMA, ]986 ,p. 2; CH]KuN[ ,1989, pp, 18 ,162.
Ryuthel HaAupT, 1983, p. 286; HAupT, l990, p. ]35;ONo, 1997, p.151.
Ryuthel (agrou pA)i ONo, 1999, p, 41.
Typespecies .HeptathetanishihiraiHAupT, 1979.
Specie sincluded .Ryuthel iashigukiensi sHAupT, 1983, R. nishihirai(HAupT, 1979) ,R oivaduiONo, 1997,
R. sasakiiONo, 1997, R. secundaria ONo, 1997, and R tanikaH'aiONo, 1997,
Diagnosis .Female genitalia :A pair of monolobal spermathecae present, both the spermathecae close
to each other (Fi g4,, A, tep), or fused with one large opening (a sin R. sasakii, Fig. 4, A, below).
Distributio n.Japan (southe pranrt ofthe Ryukyu Iglands).
Genus HeptathelaKISHIDA,1923

Liphistiu Ksi:sHiDA ,1920, p. 360.
Heptathel aKrsHIDA ,1923 ,p, 235; YAGINuMA, 1986, p, 1; CHiKuNl,1989, pp. 18 ,162.
Hbptathela (grou pB): ONe, 1999, p. 42.
Type species. Liphistius kimuraiKLsHLDA ,1920,
Speciesinclude d,Heptathela amamiensis HAupT, 1983, H. higeensi sHAupT, 1983, H, kanenoiONo,
1996, H, kikayaiONo 1,998 HZ kimurai (,KisH] D1A9,20) ,H. nishikawaiONo, 1998, H, yaginumaiONo, 1998,
H yakushimaensis ONo, 1998, and HL yanbaruensi sHAupT, l983, stat. nov.
Diagnesis, Female genitalia :A pair ofspermathecae present. spermathecae biloba lwith secondary
proces slatera l(lFyi g4., B).
Distributio n.Japan (Kyush aund the northern part ofthe Ryukyu Islands).
GenusAbeathela
nov.
Heptathela S:oNG, ZHu & CHEN, 1999, p, 32.
Heptathela (grou pC): ONo, 1999, p, 42.
Type ONo,1999.
species.Heptathela abca
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　　　Spe・i・・i・・1・d・d．肋 … 乃跏 伽 （0・・，1999），　c・mb … v・・オ・わ・働 蝋 G ・・T・・H」967），・・mb ・n°v・・’
A（S．chH。・yNaKng・。・n，，1t9・S（5Z3H）u，・・・tm　bWAN．G… ，．1，A98．4・）’，・・湘・mb ．（B・・・svH．，・　AP　，e．tノ’　・C・…脚 BY剛，193C2H）E…N ・mtb・1・・」n・9v8・・8）an…d 　mAb・）』’un…nanenA…・i乃s（・Sns°ieNnGsi　het
HAu 町 ，1984），　comb ．　nov ．
　　　歐ym 。1。gy．　Th・f・・m ・・p・・t・fthe　nam ・i・m ・d・by ・n ・・bit・ary ・・mbi ・・ti・n ・f】・tt… and 　the　latte「
part　is　from　Greek　word 　thele（nipple −lik　eprotuberance）．
　　　Di。g。。，i・．　F・m ・1・g・nit・1i・・Tw ・P・i・・f・Pe・m ・thec・e　p・e・ent ，　th・1・teral　bursae　l・・g・・and … ally
on　thick　bases　the　median 　ones 　small 　and 　on　tubular　stems （Fig．4，　C）．
，
　　　Distributio，　nChina（from　Hebei　to　Yunnan ）and 　Vietnam ．
GenusSongthela ．
　 　nov
HePtat乃6’a：SoNG，　ZHu ＆CHEN，1999，　p．32．
Hep’醒乃ela （group　D ）：ONo ，1999，　p．42．
　　　Type　species ．　 Heρta’hela　i置angzhouensis 　CHEN，　ZHANG　et　ZHu ，198　L
　　　Specie　sincluded．　 Songthelaごipingensi（WsANG ，1989），　comb ．　nov ．，∫．　hangzhouensi（sCHEN，　ZHANG　et
ZHu 1981）　comb ，　nov ．
， ，
　　　Etymology．　 Dedicated　to　DL 　SoNG　Daxiang，　China．
　　　Diagnosis．　 Fenlale　genitali：aTwo 　pair　of　spermathecae 　present，　the　main 　bursae　situated 　in　more
median 　position，　the　median 　ones 　mQved 　posterior　laynd 　situated 　at　the　base　ofmain 　bursae（Fig．4，　D）．
Distribution．　China （from　Zhejiang　to　Hunan ）．
Genus レ伽atゐela　nov ．
HePtathel；aSoNG，　ZHu ＆CHEN，1999　p．32．
，
Heptathela （group　E）：ONo，1999，　P．42．
　　　TyPe　sPecies ，从 〜ptathet　aeu （ア加 ongensis 　ONO ，1999．
　　　Specie　sincluded．　 Vinathei　caucphuongensis （ONo ，1999），　comb ．　nov ．，　U 加ngkong （SoNG　et　Wu ，1997），
comb ．　nov ．，　U　hunanensis（SoNG 　et　HAupT ，1984），　comb ．　nov ．，and 附 o欣’ngensis （BR】sTowE 1933）　comb ．
， ，
nOV ．
　　　Etymology．　By　a　combination 　of　vina （Vietnamese）and 　thele（nipple −lik　eprotuberanc）e，
　　　Diagnosis ．　 Female　genitali　aTh1ree　spermathecae 　presen，t　two　lateml　bursae　and 　one 　median 　one 　jn
same 　size（Fig．4，　E）．
　　　Distribution．　 China （Hunan ）and 　Vietnam ．
要 約
　ハ ラフ シ グモ 亜 目 （Mesothelae）はハ ラ フ シ グモ科 〔Liphistiidae）1 科か らな り，ハ ラ フ シ グモ 属
（Liphi、stius）のみか らなるハ ラ フシグモ 亜科（Liphistiin）aeと，キム ラグモ 属（Heptatheのl およびオキナ
ワキムラグモ属（Rhythela）の 2属からなるキムラ グモ亜科 （Heptathelina）eの 2亜科に分類される．ハ
ー ー
ラ フ シ グモ 亜科にお い て は 40 種以上が ミャ ンマ タイ マ レ 半島 ス マ トラか ら知 られ キムラ
， ．， ， ，
グモ亜科は約 30種が 日本，中国およびベ トナム から記載されてい る．本論では，1998年に行なっ た
瀬戸 内海沿岸地域 （愛媛，大分，福岡，山口，広島の 各県）の 調査や以前か ら行なっ て きた，大分県，
愛媛県および高知県における調査によっ て得られた，ブンゴキム ラグモ （Heptathet　akikuya　iONO ，1998）
一
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Spiders　of　Subfamily　Heptathelinae 151
の分布に関するデータを整理し，キム ラグモ亜科の東限地域における分布を動物地理学的に考察した．
また 日本な らびにベ トナムや中国の本類の資料を総合した分類学的検討 （ONO ，1999）をもとに，キ
，
ムラグモ亜科を Heptathet，a　Ryuthela，　Abcatheta（新属），　Songthela（新属）および Vinatheta（新属）
の 5 群 に細分 した．
Refe
「ences
CHEN ，　Z．F．，Z．H ．　ZHANG ＆ C ，D ．　ZHu ，1981．　 A　new 　species 　of　genus　Hep ’athe ’α．　 J　Hangzhou 砺 ’レ，，8：305−308．
　　　 （ln　Chinese．）
CHIKuNi ，　Y ．，1989．　 Pictoria　lEncyclopedia　of　Spiders　in　Japan．306　pp，　 Kaise−isha ，　Tokyo．（ln　Japanese．）
　HA　u　Fr　，L」i．p，h1i9s7ti9．　idLa）ee．　beZnoosLwe！i4sn　ezu．n，dノ　6Sneax，u2a0l2v：e3r4h8−a3l7t　4de．enr　mesotbelen 　Spinne　Hep’athe’a　nishihirain ．sp，（Araneae ，
HAu 町 ，　J．，1983．　Vergleichende　Morphologie　der　Genitalorgane　und 　Phylogenie　der　liphistiomorphen　Webspinnen
　　　　　　 （2A7r5a−n2e9a3．e：Mesothelae ）LRevision 　der　bishe　rbekannten 　Arten ．　Z．　ZooL　Sys．　Evol”t，ゾforsc，h，21：
　　HA　　u　　叮　，　P（Jerd’．os，v1，i9）s：9iC0oo．　nmapC］　todemisapg　aRrra｛a〜mntd　uiosfv　　e　rdmelouartpi刀honolsllhoiagp〃syle　C　　bai皿〃n　doHqpeuephtya　lEtouhrgeoelpjntdy　iaoeefn．　　　ldI’iAnpr　hCaclEhsLntEoiRloIomEgioR，　er　M，ps　Pph．iP−dL．e1Jr3s4（，−　AH1rE4a0un．R　eTiASduoa：cLMiTee＆ts白oCEtu．h　rReoolPLaさL）eAe．　nRInDell．
　　　 dArachnologi，　eParis．
KiKuYA，　N ，，1993．　 Histori　naaturalis ：A　Study　ofi ／eptathela ．211pp ．　 Yasaka−shobo ，丁okyo ．（In　Japanese，）
　KI　Ku　Y へA‘N’ta．　，ar1a9ch9n4o．　’R．e，s4j3s：t1a9n3c−e　2t0o8　i．nundation　and 　its　utihzation 　by　Hepta’he’a　kimu厂ai （Araneae：Liphistild）．ae
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NAKAH 【RA，　K ．， 1973．［Spider　watching 　trip　to　Ugurushima 　and 　Okinoshima 　lslands．］．4’ypus，（60）；18−26．
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　　　　ルfus．，　Tokyo，（30）：13−27．
　ON　Q　，　　Hh．iT　s1t9o9r9y．　．　Sノp！i4dreacr　hsonfot’h．e，2　g7e：n3u7s−吻43．’α’ぬε1ご（Araneae，　Liphistiid）aferor　nVietnam，　with　notes 　on　their　natural
ONo ，　H ，，2000．［Distrjbution　and 　habitat　of　the　spiders 　of　the　subfamily 　Heptathelinae〔Araneae ，　Liphistiid），a】e
　　　　In：Pro ぐ884 碗g∫q〃he　23rd　14nnual 　Meeting　of 　the　Japanese　Societ　yof 　Soi　tZoology，　p24 、　The　Japan6se
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　　　　6shima　lsland，　the　Ryukyus 。　Mem ．　natn ．　Sci．　Mus ．，7冰ソo，（22）；U9 −125．
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