Zinc Signaling PDF
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Toshiyuki Fukada Taiho Kambe Editors Zinc Signaling Second Edition Zinc Signaling Toshiyuki Fukada • Taiho Kambe Editors Zinc Signaling Second Edition Editors Toshiyuki Fukada Taiho Kambe Molecular and Cellular Physiology Division of Integrated Life Science Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Biostudies Tokushima Bunri University Kyoto University Tokushima, Japan Kyoto, Japan ISBN 978-981-15-0556-0 ISBN 978-981-15-0557-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0557-7 1st edition: © Springer Japan 2014 2nd edition: © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword Seventy years ago (in the 1950s), it was first recognized that zinc is an essential metal in humans and the zinc-binding protein metallothionein was first described. Two decades later, acrodermatitis enteropathica was shown to be genetic disease of zinc deficiency in humans, and soon thereafter (in the 1980s), the first mammalian metallothionein genes were cloned, their dramatic transcriptional induction by zinc was discovered, and the first mammalian zinc transporter was cloned. During the next 30 years, we have come to understand that zinc can dynamically modulate many cellular signaling cascades and multiple aspects of human cellular physiology and that disruption of zinc metabolism causes diseases. Revealing the mechanisms that control zinc metabolism is a major focus of the field that is advancing rapidly. Since the discovery that MTF-1 functions as a zinc sensor that regulates metallothionein gene transcription, multiple other zinc-sensing processes have been discovered. Two multimember families of zinc transporters (24 genes) are being studied in great detail, and members have been shown to play cell- type- specific and organelle-specific roles in zinc homeostasis. Mouse models with mutations in most of these genes are available and have begun to help elucidate physiological functions of many zinc transporters and have revealed previously unknown roles of specific zinc transporters in human disease. Zinc fluxes have recently been shown to modify multiple kinase signal transduction cascades, as well as affect transcription and protein translation, localization, processing, and turnover. It is now clear that zinc signals play important roles in fertilization, early develop- ment, and cell cycle, as well as in cancer progression and other diseases. The second addition of this book contains a wide range of current studies which continue to address mechanisms of zinc metabolism. The creation of zinc-sensing fluorescent probes, zinc transporter expression vectors, specific antibodies, and genetic mouse models has supported studies of the mechanistic aspects of zinc metabolism in great depth. Studies of structure-function relationships in zinc v vi Foreword transport proteins continue to progress, and studies of zinc-protein and protein- protein interaction and modifications are beginning to reveal multiple mechanisms of cellular and organismal zinc signaling and its role in health and disease. University of Kansas Medical Center Glen K. Andrews Kansas City, Kansas, USA Contents 1 Opening the Second Era of Zinc Signaling Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Toshiyuki Fukada 2 Regulation of Cellular Zinc Ions and Their Signaling Functions . . . . 5 Wolfgang Maret 3 Zinc Transporter Proteins: A Review and a New View from Biochemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Taiho Kambe, Eisuke Suzuki, and Taiki Komori 4 The Metallothionein-Zinc Landscape: How It Shapes Antimicrobial Immunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Debabrata Chowdhury, George S. Deepe Jr, and Kavitha Subramanian Vignesh 5 Role of Zinc Signaling in Mast Cell, Basophil, T Cell, and B Cell . . . 79 Keigo Nishida, Michiko Kato, and Ryota Uchida 6 Review: The Role of Zinc Signaling in Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Atsuko Kageyama, Takafumi Namiki, Junya Ito, and Naomi Kashiwazaki 7 Zinc Signaling in Skeletal Muscle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Kristyn Gumpper and Jianjie Ma 8 Zinc Signaling in Aging Heart Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Belma Turan, Deniz Billur, and Yusuf Olgar 9 Zinc Signaling in the Life and Death of Neurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Elias Aizenman 10 Possible Therapeutic Roles of Metallothionein-3 and Zinc in Endosome-A utophagosome-L ysosome Pathway (EALP) Dysfunction in Astrocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Ha Na Kim, Bo-Ra Seo, Sook-Jeong Lee, and Jae-Young Koh vii viii Contents 11 Zinc in Neurodegeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Stuart D. Portbury, Ashley I. Bush, and Paul A. Adlard 12 Role of Zinc Transporters in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity . . . . . . . . 229 Ayako Fukunaka and Yoshio Fujitani 13 Zinc Signals in Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Martina Maywald and Lothar Rink 14 Zinc Signals in Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Sannette C. Hall and Daren L. Knoell 15 Zinc Transporters and Zinc Signaling in Skin Formation and Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Bum-Ho Bin, Mi-Gi Lee, Takafumi Hara, Teruhisa Takagishi, and Toshiyuki Fukada 16 Post-translational Mechanisms of Zinc Signalling in Cancer . . . . . . . 319 Thirayost Nimmanon and Kathryn M. Taylor 17 Zinc Signaling (Zinc’ing) in Intestinal Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Michal Hershfinkel, Johnny Iv, and Shannon L. Kelleher 18 In Situ Imaging of Zinc with Synthetic Fluorescent Probes . . . . . . . . 365 Jiyao Yu and Christoph J. Fahrni 19 Zinc Signals in Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Hak Chung and Amanda J. Bird Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Chapter 1 Opening the Second Era of Zinc Signaling Study Toshiyuki Fukada Abstract Almost half a decade has passed since the publication of the first edi- tion of Zinc Signaling, entitled “Zinc Signals in Cellular Functions and Disorders”, which was the first exclusive book dedicated to “zinc signaling” at that time. Since then, a number of novel findings have been reported, which have updated our knowledge of zinc-related biology and provided new insights into many cellular functions, physiology, and pathophysiology associated with zinc. This book, Zinc Signaling, 2nd Edition has been planned to be published with a primary goal of updating the available information about the role of zinc signaling in biological processes at both molecular and physiological levels, as well as highlighting the new achievements in the field in the last 5 years after the publication of the first edition. This book will certainly assist in addressing the questions underlying this unique phenomenon and discerning its future direc- tion, and would help in knowing what is new and what remains to be solved in the next era. Keywords Zinc · Zinc signaling · Zinc transporter · Metallothionein · Physiology · Disease 1.1 Introduction Zinc, an essential trace element, plays indispensable roles in multiple cellular pro- cesses. It regulates many protein functions including those that involve transcription factors, enzymes, adapters, and growth factors, in the capacity of a structural and/or T. Fukada (*) Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 1 T. Fukada, T. Kambe (eds.), Zinc Signaling, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0557-7_1 2 T. Fukada catalytic factor. Recent studies have highlighted yet another function of zinc as an intra- and intercellular signaling mediator, which is now recognized as the “zinc signal.” Indeed, zinc regulates the cellular signaling pathways, which enables the conversion of extracellular stimuli into the intracellular signals as well as controls the various intracellular and extracellular events (Hara 2017; Takagishi 2017). The zinc signal is essential for physiology and its dysregulation causes a variety of dis- eases such as diabetes, cancer, osteoarthritis, dermatitis, and dementia. This indi- cates that “zinc signal” is an emerging topic, which will assist our understanding of the nature of physiology and pathophysiology. Five years ago, Dr. Taiho Kambe and I had edited and published the first book titled, Zinc Signals in Cellular Functions and Disorders (Fukada and Kambe 2014) about zinc signal. Since then, with the advent of new techniques and knowledge about this field, many novel findings have accumulated rapidly (Kambe 2017; Hara 2017; Takagishi 2017). This made us realize that the study of zinc signaling has become an emerging life science field, and that there is a necessity to update our knowledge about zinc signaling; hence, the decision was made to publish the sec- ond edition. 1.2 Progresses, Questions, and Directions To reiterate, this second edition is to update the current information available about the crucial role of zinc signaling at both molecular and physiological levels. This will help in addressing the specific questions and discerning the future direction through 18 such chapters by the invited authors that have been included in this book. Each chapter highlights the progress of a particular research area as well as the rel- evant new questions and future direction. From a molecular and biochemical point of view, the first article in Chap. 2 by Maret provides an overview of the regulatory functions of zinc signaling through zinc transporters and metallothionein, etc., which enable the transmission of infor- mation within and between the cells. The article by Kambe et al. summarizes vari- ous zinc transporters, that is, the family of zinc transporters (ZNTs) and Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZlPs), in addition to discussing the roles of these transporters from a biochemical viewpoint in Chap. 3. The following chapters address the current understanding of zinc signaling in physiology. In Chap. 4, Chowdhury et al. review the updates about the role of metallothionein in antimicrobial immunity. They elaborate on the recent progress in immunological roles of metallothionein with a focus on zinc regulation in response to pathogen invasion. Nishida et al., in Chap. 5, describe the role of zinc signaling
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