Zic family: Evolution, Development and Disease

383 Pages·2018·14.846 MB·English

by  Jun Aruga (eds.)

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1046
Jun Aruga Editor
Zic family
Evolution, Development and Disease
Advances in Experimental Medicine
and Biology
Volume 1046
Editorial Board
IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
ABEL LAJTHA, N.S.Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
JOHN D. LAMBRIS, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
NIMA REZAEI, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Children’s Medical Center,
Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5584
Jun Aruga
Editor
Zic family
Evolution, Development and Disease
Editor
Jun Aruga
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
Nagasaki University
Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
ISSN 0065-2598 ISSN 2214-8019 (electronic)
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
ISBN 978-981-10-7310-6 ISBN 978-981-10-7311-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017963871
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018
Chapter 3 was created within the capacity of an US governmental employment. US copyright protection
does not apply.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims
in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature
The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Preface
Studies conducted in the last two decades indicate that Zic family genes are essen-
tial components of the animal genome. They code for zinc finger proteins that con-
trol cell differentiation in many developmental processes. These processes include
maintenance of pluripotency; generation of the mesoderm, neuroectoderm, and
neural crest; formation of the body pattern, the neural tube, and the skeletal patterns;
and establishment of a platform for higher brain functions. Since the involvement of
Zic family genes in early developmental processes has been established across
major animal models, they have now become attractive research targets not only in
the field of developmental biology but also in the field of evolutionary biology. Most
multicellular animals, except sponges and comb jellies, possess Zic genes, and these
genes may be involved in the developmental programs of these animals. A compila-
tion of such information would allow us to infer the role of Zic genes in the evolu-
tion of animal body plans, such as in the emergence and diversification of the central
nervous system. Thus, publications dealing with the role of Zic family genes in
development and evolution have steadily contributed to the field of basic biology.
Zic family genes have often been the subject of medical research. They have been
recognized as the causal genes for various genetic disorders such as holoprosen-
cephaly, heterotaxy, Dandy-Walker malformation, and craniosynostosis. The impor-
tance of these genes in medicine is being increasingly appreciated after the recent
discovery of their critical roles in stem cell regulation, both in normal and onco-
genic processes. Therefore, Zic family-related medical research has been published
in journals of human genetics, stem cell biology, cancer biology, and diseases of the
nervous system and is expected to contribute further to the rapidly growing field of
translational medicine, which includes stem cell applications, drug development,
and cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Despite the enrichment of research on the Zic family genes, it is becoming diffi-
cult to visualize the overall picture of Zic family-related studies. This is probably
because research has been conducted on diverse topics, and only a few researchers
may be motivated to study the genes themselves. This book aims to provide essen-
tial and comprehensive information on existing research on Zic family genes for
future researchers and graduate students in the fields of biology and medicine. The
v
vi Preface
contributing authors were selected based on their critical publications in the field of
Zic biology. Their articles have been written such that they are easily comprehen-
sible by researchers working in other fields as well. In Part I (Chaps. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) of the book, research topics have been ordered according to
experimental animal models; a wide range of animals, including cnidarians, ecdy-
sozoans, lophotrochozoans, and chordates, have been covered. In Part II (Chaps. 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18), topics closely related to clinical research have been
included. To provide warp threads to the story, summaries from the viewpoints of
comparative genomics and biochemical properties have been included at the begin-
ning and at the end, respectively.
This book has been prepared with an interdisciplinary approach, to be useful to
both developmental biologists and medical researchers. For instance, the updated
results of human genetics research would be of interest not only to medical research-
ers but also to those working in the fields of developmental biology and evolution-
ary biology. Similarly, the information on the roles Zic family genes play in certain
animal models is expected to inspire researchers in the fields of evolutionary biol-
ogy and medicine. While editing this book, I came across many important unre-
solved questions and hints for future studies. For instance, important findings
regarding the molecular function of the Zic genes have been reported in the last
couple of years. The notion of Zic proteins as major enhancer function mediators, in
conjunction with chromatin remodeling factors, is becoming popular, and it sheds
new light on Zic biology and being resolved questions concerning the position of
Zic genes regulatory network controlling problems ensures the importance of the
Zic gene family in the regenerative medicine.
I thank all the contributing authors for sharing their significant findings and
insights. Some authors graciously complied with my repeated editorial requests,
which I sincerely appreciate. Lastly, I thank Mr. Yasushi Okazaki, Member, Springer
Nature, for encouraging me to publish this book on the Zic family.
Nagasaki, Japan Jun Aruga
August 2017
Contents
Part I Zic Family in Animal Evolution and Development
1 Comparative Genomics of the Zic Family Genes ................................. 3
Jun Aruga and Minoru Hatayama
2 Cnidarian Zic Genes ............................................................................... 27
Michael J. Layden
3 Odd-Paired: The Drosophila Zic Gene ................................................... 41
Deborah A. Hursh and Brian G. Stultz
4 Zic Genes in Nematodes: A Role in Nervous System
Development and Wnt Signaling ........................................................... 59
Guillaume Bordet and Vincent Bertrand
5 Lophotrochozoan Zic Genes ................................................................... 69
Jun Aruga
6 Ascidian Zic Genes .................................................................................. 87
Yutaka Satou and Kaoru S. Imai
7 Amphibian Zic Genes ............................................................................. 107
Christa Merzdorf and Jennifer Forecki
8 Zic Genes in Teleosts: Their Roles in Dorsoventral
Patterning in the Somite ......................................................................... 141
Kota Abe, Toru Kawanishi, and Hiroyuki Takeda
9 Zebrafish Zic Genes Mediate Developmental Signaling...................... 157
Cecilia Lanny Winata and Vladimir Korzh
10 Overview of Rodent Zic Genes ............................................................... 179
Koula E. M. Diamand, Kristen S. Barratt, and Ruth M. Arkell
11 Rodent Zic Genes in Neural Network Wiring ...................................... 209
Eloísa Herrera
vii
viii Contents
Part II Zic Family in Medicine
12 Zic Family Proteins in Emerging Biomedical Studies ......................... 233
Jun Aruga
13 ZIC1 Function in Normal Cerebellar Development and Human
Developmental Pathology ....................................................................... 249
Jun Aruga and Kathleen J. Millen
14 ZIC2 in Holoprosencephaly .................................................................... 269
Kristen S. Barratt and Ruth M. Arkell
15 ZIC3 in Heterotaxy.................................................................................. 301
Helen M. Bellchambers and Stephanie M. Ware
16 Deregulation of ZIC Family Members in Oncogenesis ....................... 329
Rob Houtmeyers, Jabob Souopgui, and Sabine Tejpar
17 Roles of ZIC2 in Regulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells ....................... 339
Hisato Kondoh
18 Role of Zic Family Proteins in Transcriptional Regulation
and Chromatin Remodeling ................................................................... 353
Minoru Hatayama and Jun Aruga
Contributors
Kota  Abe Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science,
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Ruth M. Arkell Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin School
of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Jun Aruga Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University, Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
Kristen  S.  Barratt Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin
School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra,
ACT, Australia
Helen M. Bellchambers Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Vincent  Bertrand Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du
Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
Guillaume  Bordet Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du
Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
Koula E.M. Diamand Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin
School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra,
ACT, Australia
Jennifer Forecki Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State
University, Bozeman, MT, USA
Minoru Hatayama Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University,
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
Eloísa Herrera Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC-UMH, Alicante,
Spain
ix