Youth in Malawi. Security and progress with the Malawi Young Pioneers

24 Pages·1966·11.598 MB·English

by  coll.

StanfordUniversityLibraries
HOOVER
INSTITUTION
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Malawi. Dept of Information.
Youth in Malawi. C
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HOOVER INSTITUTION
onWar, Revolution, and Peace
FOUNDED BYHERBERT HOOVER, 1919
Malaus jutmeng
YOUTH
IN MALAWI
C
O
U
Secu y and Progre
with the Malawi Young Pioneers
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1
THE NATIONAL YOUTH
MOVEMENT OF MALAWI
Portrait ofActivities
Contents
Extracts from the Commander
in-Chief's Speeches 3
The Historyofthe Youth Move
ment ... ... 4,5,6,7
New Farmland for Resettlement 8,9
Youth on Display ... CentrePages
Picture Page 12
The Youth Movement in Schools 13
Work on the Land ... 14
MYP Code 15, 16
Training Centres 17
Pioneers in the News 18
Many Faces 19
PublishedbyDepartmentofInformation
andMalawiYoungPioneers'Headquarters
OUNG HIGNEERS
TM
Ngwazi Dr. H. Kamuzu Banda
Commander-in-ChiefMalawi YoungPioneers,
President ofthe Republic ofMalawi
Extracts from the Commander-in-Chief's
speeches on the Youth Movement
.. · I want myYouth to learn to appreciate the importance ofmanual and
physical labour. We need qualified Farmers, Agriculturists, Technicians,
Mechanics,Artisans ofevery description.
... That is what the Young Pioneers Youth Movement teaches boys and
girls howto use their hands as well as their brains.
I am hereto put inthe mind ofmy boys and girls the idea ofservice to this
country, kindness, love of land work, dedication, selflessness, honesty, truth
fulness.
...You have read our five-year development plan? My long-term plan is
simply to develop the agricultural resources ofthis country, because this
country is basically an Agricultural one, and therefore anyone talking about
'economic development' of this country, must emphasise improvement
ofagriculture. I also want to popularise Agriculture. I've organised Youths,
asYoung Pioneers.
... Money in this country comes from only one source from the ground.
The body is being taught how to become strong, how to become flexible,
howto become agile and the brain is being taught too. Howto think, what
to do under difficult circumstances. How to improvise when you haven't
gotthematerial.These boysand girls should not betaught just howto jump,
just howto march, just how to do these little things. They must be taught
oneofthe most important things inthis country-ifnot the most important
thing in the country-howto use thesoil and the land properly.
Well, every Young Pioneer Camp, is a Farm Institute, because I believe
that I have to train my young men and young women. Once I have trained
them in thesecamps, when theygo back home, theywill be teachers totheir
own mothersand fathers.
3
THE HISTORY OF THE YOUTH
MOVEMENT
by
The National Chairman of Malawi Young Pioneers
The Hon. A. Banda
Ministerof Development and Planning
Nyasaland African Congress Youth taketheplace oftheNyasalandAfrican training course ofthe Young Pioneers
League CongressWomen's and Youth Leagues at Nasawa in the Zomba district. This
The history of the Malawi Young respectively. wasthebeginningoftheMalawiYoung
Pioneersstartswiththeformationofthe The function of the Youth League Pioneers.
Nyasaland African Congress Youth during this period of our struggle for Before a distinguished gathering of
League in 1958. When the Ngwazi freedomwasapurelypolitical one.The Government Ministers, Diplomats,
returned tothethen Nyasalandto lead Youth League did everything that was PartyOfficials and otherdignitaries,the
the people of Malawi in their struggle necessaryto be done during this period Ngwazi stated clearly the aims and
against Federation and for Independ ofour struggle like political agitation, objects ofthe Malawi Young Pioneers
ence he found that Politics in this stonethrowing, bridge breaking, house and their relationship to the Govern
country were a preserve of the men burningandmany otherthings. ment, the Malawi Congress Party and
only. There were no women and youth theLeague ofMalawiYouth.
intheCongress.The Congresswasthen
whatthe Ngwazilikesto call "mphara”
MalawiYoung Pioneers Starts
orahouseinwhichonlymenlive.Itwas
As soon asthe Ngwazi was released MalawiYoungPioneers-Early
not "nyumba" or a house in which a
from prison on April 1, 1960, he History
family, a father, mother and children
ushered this country into a newperiod TheMalawiYoungPioneerswasthen
live. The Ngwazi knew that this of political development and con organisedunderthe MinistryofEduca
type of set-up could not put up an stitutional change. A new constitution tion and Social Development. It was
effective fight against Federation and
was granted to the Ngwazi which gave controlled bya Council of 12 men and
for Independence. So the Ngwazi
thethen Nyasaland a large measure of women underthe Chairmanship ofthe
startedtheNyasaland African Congress self-governmentinAugust,1961.Shortly Minister of Education and Social
Women's League and the Nyasaland after this, Nyasaland was granted full Development. After a few months
AfricanCongressYouthLeague,within internal self-government and it was of the existence of movement, it was
theNyasalandAfrican Congressframe
clear that independence was only foundthatthecontrol ofthemovement
work. aroundthecorner. by the council was unsatisfactory and
The history of the struggle of the As soon as this became apparent to ineffective.
Malawi people for freedom is too well theNgwazi he decided that it was time Although the Ngwazi had stated the
knowntoberepeated hereandso isthe he re-organised the Youth League to aims and objects of the movement
part which the Women's and Youth prepare them for the new tasks of clearly and its relationship to the
Leagueshave played in this struggle.It buildingthecountrywhichwouldcome Party, the Government andthe League
should,therefore suffice to saythatasa withthe newlywon freedom. Although ofMalawiYouth, the peoplewho con
result of the effective organisation the Youth League had done an ex trolled the movement deliberately mis
whichthe Ngwazi put up through the tremely good job during our fight for interpreted the Ngwazi's intentions and
Congress and the part which the freedom the methods which were the aims and objects ofthe movement.
WomenandYouthplayedinit,wewere suitableto this period oftime were not They so manipulated the organisation
abletobreakWelensky'sstupid Federa suitable for the new tasks which came thatitdwindledintonothing morethan
tion and to win independence for withself-governmentandindependence. an instrument for the self-glorification
Malawi. SotheNgwazidecidedtore-organisethe of certain individuals who have since
In 1959,asaresultoftheactivitiesof League and give the youth training proved to be traitors to this country.
theCongress, the Ngwazi and overone whichwouldequipthemforthenewera The young men and women who
thousand ofhis followers were arrested ofconstruction. organised the movement then were led
andsentto prisonanddetentioncamps. Towards the end of 1962, the Father into believing that the Malawi Young
The Nyasaland African Congress was oftheNation, sent five youngmen and Pioneers was a separate organisation
banned together withtheWomen'sand fouryoungwomentoGhanatotrainas from the Malawi Congress Party and
YouthLeagues. Later intheyearwhen Young Pioneer Instructors with the theLeagueofMalawiYouth.Theywere
theMalawiCongress Partywasformed Ghana Young Pioneers. These young taught to disrespect the Party and
to take the place of the Nyasaland men and women spent five months in Party Officials. This was not what was
AfricanCongress,theLeagueofMalawi Ghana and returned home. On August intended.
WomenandYouthwerealsoformedto 10, 1963, the Ngwazi opened the first Therefore, the Ngwazi decided to
HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT (contd.) sities and theyare, therefore, poor and
hungry.Thisisanotheroftheproblems
correctthe situation. He tookawaythe ters are only representatives of the whichgivetheNgwazirestlessdaysand
control of the movement from the people in the villages. Therefore, it sleepless nights. Howdoes hesolvethis
Ministry of Education and Social should be clear to everyone that this problem ofpovertyamonghispeople?
Development and the Council and put responsibility rests on all the four
it directly under himself. To assist him millionpeople ofMalawi. Communications:
in the day-to-day administration, In this country we have only one
control, discipline and training ofthe railway. This railway links Beira in
movement, the Ngwazi appointed a WHATARE THEPROBLEMS? Mozambique and Salima in Malawi.
National Chairman who would be Thisisouronly outlettothe seaforall
directly responsible and answerable to Education: ourgoods. In the countrywehaveonly
him. Thanks to the work ofthe mission one main road which travels the
Towardstheend of 1963 the Ngwazi aries, we have in this country a very country from Nsanje in the South to
requested the Israeli Government to broad primary school system. A very Chitipain the North. This road has a
second to Malawi experts in Youth large number of children who want to branch at Lilongwe which links this
countrywithZambia.
Organisation. The Ngwazi requested go to school can get some primary
the Israelis to advise in the organisa education. But our educational set-up Foranycountry to develop properly
tion ofour National Youth Movement forms a bottleneck at the secondary it needs a very good network ofroads
becausetheyhavehad experienceanda schoollevel. Everyyear, therearemore in the country to link up the various
practical approach to youth education than 30,000 boys and girls who com districtsandvariousplaces. Thisisvery
and organisation. pleteprimaryschoolandwhowanttogo badlylackingin ourcountry. Thereare
Mr. P. Gonen, LI.B., former leader to secondary schools. But ofthese not many parts of the country which are
of"Gadna” the Israeli NationalYouth more than 2,400 can be taken in completely inaccessible to the other
Movement was appointed by the secondaryschools. Uptotwoyearsago people outside ofthem. People in these
Israeli Government to serve in an when we still had a colonial govern areasgrowtheircrops, fewastheymay
advisorycapacity to the MalawiYoung ment in this country, only about 600 be, but they cannot take them to the
Pioneers. In March, 1964, a team of boys and girls could find secondary markets for sale, because there are no
three Israeli Instructors, Mr. P. Lavie, schoolplaces. roads or the paths that there are, are
Mr. Uri Yanay and Mr. RanLachman Fortunatelyforthiscountry, wehave impassabledueto riverswhichhaveno
arrived in Malawi and started the first a leader who believes passionately in bridgesorotherreasons.
YouthLeadership Courseapplyingnew educatinghis people. Forthisreasonhe Sometimesthepeopleintheseremote
methods ofYouth Leadership training has increased our secondary schools and inaccessible areas cannot be pro
techniques. from 17 in 1961 to 67 by 1966. Hence vided with education or medicalfacili
This marked the beginning of the we are now able to take up to 2,400 ties, even if these were available,
MalawiYoung Pioneers as we know it young men in secondary school. But because no one can reach them. In
today. there are still 27,000 children to be some cases these remote and inacces
provided with secondary school educa sible areas have vast natural resources
WhyMalawiYoungPioneers? tion. In addition to the lack ofsecond which could be tapped, but because
Why did the Ngwazi re-organise the ary school opportunities we also need people have not been able to reachthe
League ofMalawi Youthto includethe more technical schools and more area easily these resources have re
Malawi Young Pioneers? What is it teachertrainingschools and, ofcourse, maineduntapped.Thisisanotherofthe
that we hope to achieve through the a good university. This is one ofthe problemsthatfacesthe Ngwazi.
MalawiYoungPioneers? problems which gives the Ngwazi
Malawi has been neglected for the restless days and sleepless nights. How EconomicDevelopment:
past 70years. Very little has been done does he solve this problem oferadicat InsummingupalltheproblemsIhave
to develop this country and, in par ingignorancefrom his people? briefly outlined above, the single most
ticular, the period of the imposed important problem that faces this
Federation, 1953 to 1963, had been a Unemployment: country is one of economic develop
period ofcomplete stagnation. Because Everyyear, we have several hundred ment. On our economic development
the development of our country was thousands ofour people who wantto depends the solution to most ofthe
neglected there are many things which find employment. There are as many problemsIhavestatedabove.Butwhatis
we lack in this country: facilities for as 77,400 people who seek jobs involvedinthiseconomicdevelopment?
education,medical facilities, roads,jobs every year. Of these 63,400 travel We have been told in the past that
and manyotherthings. abroadto seekjobs in Rhodesia, South thiscountry is a poorcountry. But our
While we were a colonial people it Africa, Zambia and other countries. Leader has rejected this. The Ngwazi
was not our responsibility to provide 14,000 remain at home and tryto find argues,andweagreewithhim,thatthis
these things because we had no say in jobs in the country. Blantyre, Zomba, countryisnotapoorcountry. It isonly
the government of our own country. Lilongwe, Mzuzu and other places. aneglected country.
Butnow that we are free and indepen This is a very unsatisfactory state of Itistruethatwedonothaveminerals
dent, it is our responsibility to provide affairs. that arebeing exploited yet. Butnotall
thesethings. But nowthat we are free The majority of those who wish to countries in the world depend on
and independent, it isourresponsibility work at home cannot find any jobs. mineralsfortheirwealth. In Malawiwe
to provide these facilities. There are not enoughjobs. As a result arefortunate in thatwe haveveryhigh
Some people may think that this ofthis we have many people who are natural resources. We have here vast
responsibility rests on Members of unemployed for severalmonths oreven and expansive lands which have very
Parliament and Ministers only. After years and consequently, they have no rich soil for cultivation. This is our
all Members of Parliament and Minis moneyfor their food and other neces mineral wealth: the soil, in other
5
can achieve if the people are prepared
HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT (contd.)
to workhard.
wordsagricultureisthemainstayofour and other government departments are
economyinthiscountry. doing a very good job ofteaching our Physical Activities:
Butalthoughwehavesuchgood agri peoplethe new methods of agriculture If people are going to work hard,
culturallandweare atthe moment not which are essential to ensure the particularly if they are going to work
making full use of our agricultural economic development ofthis country. hardwith theirhands in their gardens,
resources. The majority of our people Butthis is not an easy task. It is very they need to develop strong bodies. A
arestillengaged insubsistencefarming, difficult. weak person cannot work hard at
that is farming in which they only The Ngwazi believes that the best anything. Young Pioneers do many
produce enoughfor their food require way to tackle this problem in the activities whichtoughen their bodies.
mentsfortheyear,iftheyarelucky, but shortestpossibletime isbytrainingand They take part in gymnastics, com
moreoftenforonlypartoftheyear.No educatingtheYouthofthecountry.The batives, games, hikes, athletics. These
attempt is made to growcrops in such idea is that oncethe Youth learn these activities develop in our Youth skills
quantitiesthattheycanhaveenoughfor methods of agriculture they cannot and physical fitness which lead to the
their requirements but also have a only teach the people in their com development ofstrength, courage, agil
surplus for sale so that they can get munities but also showthe people by ity, neuromuscular co-ordination, self
money for their children's education, example from their own fields that it confidence, endurance and toughness,
clothes, etc., and, above all, for their paystolookafterthesoil properly. qualities which are essential in our
taxtothestate. Coupledwiththisisthe To this end the Ngwazi has opened peopleiftheyare goingto beequipped
problem of growing good quality training bases at Nasawa, Cholo, properly for the tasks that we have to
crops. To take for example maize, the Chitipa, Makanga, Mchinji, FortJohn face.
majority of our people produce an ston (Lipinda), Chipunga, Lisandwa, YoungPioneersarealsotaughtcamp
average ofonly 2 bags ofmaizefrom Kapolo and he will be opening more craft. In camp craft trainees are taught
anacrewhentheycould produceupto and more in the Central and Northern toimprovise inmany similar situations
20bags ofmaize fromthe same size of Regions. to whichthey maycome in the future.
landiftheyused good land husbandry In these bases greatest stress is laid The Young Pioneer who is a good
methods. Hence they would not waste onagriculture, young men and women camperispreparedforanemergency as
theirtimeandenergyploughingseveral are taught to understand thatthe land well as recreational opportunities.
acres of land and yet getting only 2 is the source of all our wealth in this Camp-craftisasourceofgreatpleasure
bagsofmaizefromeachacre. country. Theyare taughtto understand totheindividualswho take partinitas
ThegreatestsingletaskoftheNgwazi that the soil is the mother of this well as of service to the community.
and the Government is therefore, to country and that it has life and can Camp-craft enables a Young Pioneer,
teach our people throughout the coun therefore die, if it is not looked after whatever calling in life he may choose
try not onlyto realise that our wealth properly.Theyare taught this not only to haveconfidence in his abilityto live
hasto be dugfromthe soilbutalso to bylearningtheorybut also byworking under hard conditions and to face
learn methods of agriculture that will on agriculture with their own hands. obstacles.Heacquiresasoundbasisfor
increaseboththequantityoftheircrops Theylearnhowtogrowmost, ifnotall quick adjustment to problems in his
as well as the quality, in short, increase thecrops grown in Malawi like, maize, environment. Camp-craft skills make
productivity. tobacco, groundnuts, tea, coffee as well Pioneers future citizens of self-reliance
Increased productivity of all our as citrus fruit and vegetables. They are andresponsibility.
crops will make this country a rich also taught animal husbandry, rearing Field craft is also an important
country. Because people will not only cattle, goats, pigs, sheepand chickens. subject which Pioneers learn. Field
have enough money for all their craft includes elementary knowledge
requirements but also have money to Hard Work: regardingtheuse ofthegroundandthe
pay to government in the form of Traineesaremade toworkveryhard forestsand provides anopportunityfor
taxes. Thesetaxeswill, inturn, givethe in these training bases, they start early young people to develop a spirit of
government a lot ofmoney with which inthemorning at 5.30 with gymnastics adventure, mental alertness, courage,
tobuildschools and payteachers, build and physical exercises and go on, with etc.
hospitals, clinics and dispensaries, buy intervals for breakfast, lunch and Discipline is the most important
medicines and pay doctors and nurses, dinnerup, to 10 p.m. when they go to singlesubjectwhichYoung Pioneersare
andtobuildroadsandbridgesthrough bed. taught. It is discipline that makes a
out the country. Because people will The idea of making them work so success of all that Pioneers learn.
havesomuchmoneytospendandthere hardistohardentheirbodiesandmake Stress is put ondiscipline in everything
will be much construction activities, hard work part of themselves. They that is done. Drill and marching,
many jobs will be created because should get so used to hard work that whichisasystematicmethod ofpractis
factories will be started to process our when they go back to their com ing various movements in an orderly
agricultural produce and to make munities they not only work hard in way, brings about the co-ordination
things which people will want to buy. their gardens but also infect all the between the body and mind and helps
Bythismeanswewillbeabletosolveour people with whom they come into to develop qualities such as discipline,
problem. As I have said this is the contactwiththisspirit ofhardwork. obedience, smart appearance and team
greatest single task ofthe Ngwazi and Hard work, as the Ngwazi has work.
the government and this is where the always taught us, isthe key to all our Young Pioneers learn many other
Ngwazi would like the Youth of problems. If all the people in this things which are designed to prepare
Malawito helphim. country learn to work hard it will not them for the task of building our
be difficult for us to develop this countryandasgoodcitizensofMalawi.
Educating the Masses: country. Israel, Germany, Japan are We believe that ifYoung Pioneers are
The Ministry of Natural Resources excellent examples of what a country goingtobegoodfathersand mothersof
6
HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT (contd.) Toggl
tomorrow, they must know something from events of the past few months
oftheirpast historyand history ofour these people are trying to disrupt the
struggle forfreedom, they must know country both from within and from
something about their leader, their outside.
Party, their Government and their We cannot allow a Congo situation
people and the part which they asthe here. Ifwe do so therewillbeabsolute
Youtharesupposedtoplayinit. chaos here. Instead ofworking hardto
Topics relating to health education, build the country people will waste
behaviour and contact, good habits, their time and energy quarrelling and YOUNG PIONEERS IN
value of discipline, unity, loyalty and fighting among themselves. And in TRAINING
obedience, independence movements, order to develop this country the
the National Anthem, the National Ngwazi has to attract outside invest
Flag and its salutation, lives of great ment. Ifthere is confusion and chaos this training and many other countries
men in our history, our Constitution, hereoutsideinvestorswillnotrisktheir oftheworld, like the United Kingdom
mass literacy development projects, moneyhere.Theywillnotcomehereto and India do it, although the methods
first aid, leadership training, crowd start businesses and factories. There underwhichtheydo itmaydiffer.
control, fire fighting, social and com forewewillnothaveeconomicdevelop
munityservice. Traineesareencouraged mentthatwedesireandtheproblemof Land Settlement:
to do as much practical self-help as unemploymentwillneverbesolved. As mentioned before, we have vast
possible. Therefore, it is essential that our unemployment problems in this coun
In these training bases we have youth should understand that by the try. Although the Ngwazi and the
youths from all parts of the country. security of our country we determine Government is doing everything it can
Some ofthese youths have never gone the progress ofthe country. Therefore, to attractinvestment and industrial de
beyondthelimitsoftheirareastoother theyouthshouldlearnthatsecurityand velopment unemployment will remain
districts in the country. The coming progress are inseparable. Hence they aproblemfor a very long time. There
together ofthese youths in these bases should learn the slogan "SECURITY fore, for all the Pioneers whom we are
helpstofurtherthegoalofourcomplete AND PROGRESS". training we cannot promise jobs,
and total unity in the country. The In order to ensure this Security and although a few of them may be for
youths get to know each other, they Progress it is essential that our youth tunateandfindjobs.
learn each other's languages, customs, shouldbeprepared and trained to help But, although there are not enough
dancesandwaysoflife. in the preservation of the security, jobsforallthe peoplewho wantthem,
It is the aim ofthe Ngwazi that all sovereignty and territorial integrity of wehavegood, rich land inthiscountry
this training should produce in this our country. In order to do this the whichis capable oflooking afterallits
country fully educated citizens in the youth have, in addition to their agri people. It is, therefore, the Ngwazi's
broadest sense of education. Ifwe can cultural training, to be prepared for intention that Young Pioneers should
produce these people then our task to war. As the saying goes, "Ifyou want understand thatjobs will be difficultto
develop this country will not be as peace, prepare for war". Should it find butthey canlive ontheland after
difficult as it will be ifwe do not train becomenecessaryfortheyouthtofight theyhavelearned howto lookafterthe
ouryouth. to defend the country against our soil in our training bases. As already
enemies, internal or external, theyouth pointed out, it is also the Ngwazi's
Defending Our Country: must know howtodo so. Thatiswhy intention that the Pioneers should not
So far I have only talked aboutthe the youth movement is educated to only practice good agriculture them
task of the youth in building this defendthesovereigntyofthecountry. selves but should also teach others to
country. This alone isnot enough. Itis Most countries ofthe world of our doso.
not possible for us to develop this size and wealth, cannot afford to keep ToachievetheseaimstheNgwazihas
country if there is no stability in the several thousands of regular soldiers plans to start settlement schemes for
country. Inorder forus to develop this whohavetobeaccommodated, fedand the Pioneers throughout the country.
country it is essential that there should paid. Malawi is one ofthese countries. Pioneers will be encouraged to takeup
be peace and calm throughout the We cannot afford to have a very large land in certain planning areas where
country. If there is peace and calm in Army or Police Force. The Govern theywillgrowcropsforthemselvesand
the country people will be able to menthastherefore,torelyonthewhole build themselves houses in planned
concentrate on working hard in their population of the country for the country villages. Expert advice in
gardens or at their jobs without any maintenance oflaw and order and the agriculture will be made available to
fearsorworries. preservationofthesecurity ofthestate. them. As far as possible some agri
Inordertoensure peace and calm in Butagovernmentcannotrelyonamass culture credit and machinery will also
this country we have to live by the ofpeoplewho havenot had trainingin beprovided to them. The Pioneerswill
ideals of the Father of the Nation, this work which requires training. The be able to make much more money
ideals of discipline, obedience, unity Malawi Young Pioneers has, therefore, from their land in these settlements if
andloyalty. Althoughwehavedefeated the task oftraining the youth forthis theylookaftertheirland properlythan
our colonial enemies we have new work and the Malawi Young Pioneers theywill from manual work in towns.
enemiesnow,whowanttobringslavery Act was passed by Parliament to Fertilevalleyswithalotofwaterwillbe
under different cover. We have people provideforthis. selected for these settlement schemes.
who are only interested in themselves In Israel, where our advisors come Itishopedthatfromtheexamplesetin
and therefore, want to divide the from, every man and woman is given these settlement schemes people near
country and cause confusion and some pre-military or military training. the schemes will be able to learn
chaos in our country. As wehave seen In Switzerland every young man gets improvedmethods ofagriculture.
7
Young people who are making
creating new farmland for re-settle
pilotprojectinvolvingthe settlement byYoungPioneers ofChikonje Estate, 34 miles
A NorthofChiromo, whichhas beenboughtbyGovernment. Ifsuccessful it is planned
to replicatethe scheme in other areas ofMalawi, utilising land bought by Governmentto
ensuremaximumproductivitybased onacash cropeconomy.
Thefarmscomprisingthisschemewillbeof10acres,withapproximately6acresincotton,
2toafoodcrop(maizeorsorghums)and2to forestry, 22farmswill beopened inthefirst
year, and afurther48 inthe second, giving atotal of70settlers inall. It isestimated that,
basedonayieldof1,800 lb. peracreofcotton, eachfarm whenagoingconcern, will gross
£270perannum fromsales ofcotton, as well as growingfood to supportthefarmer. This
willgivethefarmera netincomeof£160 perannum.
The farmers for settlement will be specially selected from the Malawi Young Pioneer
Organisationandwillhavehad abasictraining in agriculture atoneoftheYoungPioneer
bases, followed byan intensive one month's course at afarm institute, (embracingamong
other subjects-cotton culture, spraying, care of sprayers, maize culture, other cereals,
animal husbandry and book-keeping) at the conclusion ofwhich an examination will be
heldto selectthefarmers.
Theschemeasplanned is based largelyonself-helpand on provision ofcreditofservices
provided, whichcreditisto be reimbursed.
LAR
NIAN