Yeats

513 Pages·1972·5.09 MB·English

by  Harold Bloom

YEATS

YEATS
HAROL D BLOO M
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON OXFORD NEW YORK
OXFORD UNIVERSITYP RESS
Oxfordl ondon Glasgow
New York TorontoM elbourneW ellington
lbadanN airobiD are sS alaam Cape Town
Kualal umpur SingapqreJ akartaH ongK ong Tokyo
Delhi Bombay CalcuttMaa dras Karachi
Copyrig1h9t70©h y O xforldJ ni\·cPrrsseis,lI yn c.
LibroafrC oyn gressC ataoglueC ardN umberj:0 ·100365
Firpsubtl hieds byO xford Un\i'erPsrietsNyes w,Y or1k9,7 0
Fistri ssuaesad n O xforUd niverls)ir-peatpseysr abck.1 972
The generpoeursm isosfiS oenna toMri chaeYle atsA,. P.W at&:t S on,a ndT he
MacmilCloampna ny foqru otaitnosf rotmh feo llowwirnigt ionfg\s\B '.Y. e at,sa nd
ofM isHso llSyLC \'aCnidl AsH rcdA . KuopI£n,c .f or quolatiofrnosm the following
wrigtsio n(\ \'alalccS teveingssr a,t c£ualcklnyo wldeged:
The r'a1·ioEnduiut ioonf t heP oemso f W. B.Y eatsed, ietd by PeteArl iatn d
RusselKl. A lspacch,o p)ri19g0h3t1,9 061,90 7,1 9121,9 161,9 181,9 191,9 241,9 28,
1931,1 93,3 9134,1 935,1 9401,94 4,1 945,1 946,1 9'}01,9 'J61,9 :,7b y TMhae cmillan
Company. Copyright 1940b yG eorgYieea tCsop.y right © 1968b y Bertha
Georgei Yeaatnsd A nnYee ats.
Essayasn d hllroductiobnysW ,. B .Y eat,s copyrig®h t1 961b y MrsW.. B .
Yeats.
The Letterosj W. II.Y eatsed,i td ebyA llaWn adec,o pyr©i g1h9t53 1,9 54b y
AnneB utelrY eats.
!vlythologbiye\s ', VB..Y eatcosp,y right1®9 5h9y :\fls. B.\Y Ve.a ts.
A Visionb,y\ \'B.. Y eatcosp,y rgiht •9i3 hy The MacmilCloamnp any, re­
newed 1965b yB ertha GeorgYeiaet asn dA.n neB utleYre ats.
W. JJ.Y eatsE'x ploratiosneslc,te ed by Mrs\.V .B .Y eatsc,o pyrig®h t1 962
by Mrs.W .B .Y eats.
Tea alt heP alazo f/ loona nd passafgreos1m ' heC o/l('(teProle mso fW allace
Stevencso,p yrig1h9t2 31,9 311,9 54b y\ VallaSctcc\ cns.
The i.\'ecesys Aaurge(c,o pyrgiht1 951b y \VallaSctec H·ns.
opusP osthumoucso, pyri©g ht'95biy E lsiSet C\la'nldl HSo lly Stevens.
10 9 7 86 5 4 3
Printeidn t heU niteSdt atoefsA merica
Preface
Yeawtasas p oevte rmyu cihn t hlei onfev isihoiansn; c esitno rs
Englpiosehtt riacd iwteirpoern i maBrlialakyne Sd h elalnehdyi ,s
achievweimaletlnl tab setj dugeadg aitnhseti rso.ft hOpenu er ­
posoefts hbioso iks itnioia tte asj duugcmhe tnhto,u ngohp r e­
tenicmsea dteo wacrodm pleitti.n g
YeaHtasr, dayn,Wd a llSatceev seenestm o tmhepe o ewtrs­i t
inign E ngliinso uhcr e ntwuhroysw eo rmko smte ristuss tained
comparwiisttohhn me a jpoore otfts h nei netceeennttIuha r my .
awarteh astu cahn o pinions eewmi lelx ttosr cehmoeal nadrs
admiroefEr lsi Pootu,n Wdi,l mls,iF arosGtr,a vAeusd,e ann,d
othebrustt,h peh enomeonfho ing cho ntpeomrarreyp utations
dyinawga pye rmanehnatoslc cyu rbreefdo arnedw, i lalg ain.
Donnaen dS helvlaenyif soghre neraatnidao rntesh erne vived,
buEtl iaontdP ound pmraoytv oeb et hCeo wlaenydC leveland
oft haigsea ,n adp uzztlheeo rretefo f utuhries toroiuasrne sn ­of
sibilTihtoiuetgshhb.i o so ske ittss elft hapeger avianlcsertni tt ical
idoloafYt erayIt dso,n obte litehvaYeet a (tosSr t evweinvlsal)n ­
isahsE liaontd Powuinladln ,Id d on odte sitord ee ntyh uen ·
doubstteadt ure aocfh iYeevaeBtmusIet' dn sot w .a nttos etth at
v
vi PREFACE
achievienma h einstt opreircsaplea cnttdio ev xea,m iintqesu ite
genuliinmaeit itmoonrsfe u ltlhyaI nh avsee etnh eemx amined.
Imta yb et hat iYasesg a otoasdp oeatsa b atdi mfeot rh iem agin·
aticoonu plrdo ducew,ew iblhulat r dlleya rni mtahgei native
limaititoofno su orw na giefw ei nflaYteea tvsa'lbsue ey oanldl
reasonmaebalseuO rnee.d istinguishcerdi tRmi.ocP d,.e rn
Blackmaussre,rt theaYdte awtass t hmeo scto nsidelryarbilce
poeitn ltahuneag gsei ntchese e ventceeennttauhj r uyd,g ment
thaitsa s tonibsuhti nwghh,ai sc hgu onncteor noveerxtceebdpy t
theeq uadlilsyt ingcuriiYstvhioecWrd i tnerwsh,os ensciobnl­y
demnYeeda atssa talenbutcteo dun sfeRdo manptoiecIt .s ay
"sensbiebclayYu"es aeta ssW ,i tnerasc curoabtseelrywv aesad ,
Romanptoiewcth ogr ew onlyR ommoarndete iscp itea ta­ll his
tempttoms o dyih fitsr adiatnidio fyn o,ua raes m assiavnetliy·
Romanatc ircia tsWi icn tertsh ewynao su, a assr een stiocb olne·
demYne aatsys o aur teod iscBalradkW oer,d stwhoo rrt hlea ter
WallSatceev Wehnasit.sn ovte rsye nsibbuiltsse t,pi rlelv alent,
is ptroa Yiesaeft osbr e iwnhga htew anso ta, poofett h Mee ta­
physkiicnadl.
Yeats's idetaoWs i,ne trawsce,cr ocero dnitnegm pttoti hbel e;
leadYienagt s schoRliacrhsEa,lr dalf nmrntoo Tm h omWahsi t·
aketrh,ew ye re annoidtwf ,e h avace o mmornea doefpor e triyn
outri mteh,ed yo naoptp esaor toe ihtihTmeh re.rie s ,t hIi nk,
mucnho nseinnYs eea tisd'easa nsd, mtuhcaihtsn e cseasrpielry·
niciforuosam h umani(soteriv cem ne rehluym anpeo)i onft
viebwu,tt h eirsme o rwei sdtohma n nonsaeh nusmea,n iasntdi c
perspeicsnt oiitvn ie t swehloflr leyl evatnhtme a ttuoYr eea ts,
whod elibewreantbtee lyyoi nttd o a m order asptoisci taiso n,
Lawrednicadel sWoa.l lSatceev iestn hsre e psreentahtuimvaen ­
istico fop uotrei tma en,dI t hitnhka ts pheead kisr etcoat nldy
fooru r conadsi tYiaeonandLt asw rednocn eo tb,u pto ewthso
prespernitva aptoeyc paslaersre e prnetsaetoifmv uec thh iacste n·
trianlt his caelnsatonu,dtr hyeh ya vteh sep ecviaaloluf be e ing
thororuegbhea lgsa ionusrct u lture.r eYbeealwtlasisao' nns
equoicvaoln eb,u itt w as inetneonusagenh ds, c howlhaora st ·
temtpotp erpehtuuamtaen itsrtaidci tiono,fa s wechueoltrah re r
religviaoruioseu tgyth,otb ea l itwtalreio efar p lalyi Pkuer ga·
tortyh atnh eayp petaobr e .
PREFACE vii
Ih ave tribeodo,tk os,i t nu tdthyhe i smr aejloarto ifYo enast s's
wortkoE nglpoiesthti rca dirtaitothnhe,rat noa noyft hees oteric
traditthiYaoetna sct lse airnlvyoW kheisat.k eirnp artiacmuolnagr
Yeatcsr'isth iacss maas dter ocnagsf eot rh ree levoafcn ecret ain
esotterraidci ttoiY oenastw so'rskb ,u tth ger earteelre voafn ce
poettirca dittoipo oeant steoem imsne e scaYpeaabatltset .e mpted
to abs ep irailtcuhaelbm uihtse bt e,c aamv ei sionatrhyo upgohe t,
ani nconosntea.n t
As thiiassp rolegotmoael naornsg teurd pyo eoitfni flcnu cee,
ina ddittiobo eni anc gr iticalo fYr eeaaIthd sai,vn aegt teemdp t
theex perimoefbn etg niinntgh beo owki tahpp roacthoYe esa ts
dowsne venreaalrp layr aplalteFhlus l.dl i scuosfYs eiaotnws o'rsk
doenso cto mmenucnetp ialrw ta y throug6h. T hCehfi arpstte r
fivceh aptaermree sa nttog ivmeu tuaslulpoyrp tviiveeow fsd is­
tinpcrto bloefmi sn fluefnocre ; inSshteanlclAeeal,ys 'lsoi rt,s
tradiatniedoff neu cpto Yne aitdssi ,s cuisnts herdse eep abruatte
relactoendt eixnCt hsa eprt1s, a4n, d6, a ndre celiavtecesor n ­
sideraitnCi hoanep rtgs and1 3B.l akiefln'use nciess tudied
througahsow uetla,lsS hellaenydt' os l,ae sser Paetxetre'nst.
Thet woot hiemrpo rtlainttei rnaeflrnuyc uepso Yne aNtisze,st che's
anBda lzsahco'usbl,esd t udsieepda raastt ehlepyyr, e scernitt ical
probloefam nso tkhienrTd h.o sien eflnuctehsa cta mtoe Yeats
frotmh Sep iorfio tu Arg e daersec riinbR eidc haErHdm ann's
EmineDnotm aiTnh.ee quablellya itneefldnu coefe ighteenth­
centAunrgyl o-pIrroiwssrehi thearbsse edni scubsysm eadn y
scholbaurtas l,si oso mittheerdbe e catuhseei rses omething
factiatbiooiuuttUs. n likeR omtahnett riacd iitdtii ondno fi,tn d
Yeahtest ;r ieidmp otsioeut p on hiwmistdehul bfi,ro eussu lts.
Thed iscuosfsY ieoantw so'risk n t hbioso iksa rranignae d
rougchh ronoelxocgeyfp,ottr h pel aceomfet nhtce h aeprtosn
A Visiwohni,ca rhie n seartta ebdo tuhtpe o ionftt hfier sftu ll
forumlatoifYo ena t"s�'yessm t,r"a thtehraa ntt htei moeft he
actucaolm posaintdpi uonb licoaft ieoivnte hrestrih oaYnte ats
compleIht aevdge.r oupmeydd i scusosfti hopenl saw yhsi,hc ahs
distucrhobrneodl aolgsiyo na,f epwl aces.
Myd ebttots h sec holcarriltyid ceivsotmto eY de aatrsae b un­
danatn,dI h opree cortdherdo ugthhobiuosto Ika .m g ratteof ul
thJeo hSni moGnu ggenMheemiomr Fioauln datiiotPnsr easn-d
viiPiR EFACE
ideGnotr,d No.nR ayf,oa rF elslhoiwdpur itnhagec adeymeiacr
1692-t3h aetn abmleet dow ritthefie r dsrta offtt h is Iba omo k.
grateaflustloot hSeo cifeottry h He•u maniCtoirensUe,nl li ­
versaintdiy td,si recMtaoxBr l,a cfkoar,F ellowdsuhriitnphg e
acadeymeia1cr69 8-wgh,i pcehr mimtett eocd o mpltehtfieen al
draafnttd,o c ontimnysu teu odfpy o eitniflcu ence.
ForR ichaErldl maannnd MaPrrtiicne