Yearbook of Anesthesiology-9 Editorial Board 1. VP Kumra MD DAc FICA Emeritus Consultant and Advisor Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Past President and Advisor Indian College of Anaesthesiologists Former Vice President Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (National) [email protected] 2. B Radhakrishnan MD MPhil FICA Senior Professor and Consultant Sree Gokulam Medical College and GG Hospital Trivandrum, Kerala, India President Indian College of Anaesthesiologists Former President Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (National) [email protected] 3. Jayashree Sood MD FFARCS PGDHHM FICA Professor and Chairperson Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine Honorary Joint Secretary, Board of Management Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India CEO, Indian College of Anaesthesiologists [email protected] 4. Baljit Singh MD FICA Former Director Professor GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research New Delhi Professor Anesthesia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India CEO, Indian College of Anaesthesiologists [email protected] Yearbook of Anesthesiology-9 Editors Raminder Sehgal MD DA FICA Former Director Professor Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi Former Senior Consultant Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India [email protected] Anjan Trikha MD FICA Professor All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India [email protected] Indian College of Anaesthesiologists Foreword Baljit Singh JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS The Health Sciences Publisher New Delhi | London Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 E-mail: [email protected] Overseas Office JP Medical Ltd 83 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0HW (UK) Phone: +44 20 3170 8910 Fax: +44 (0)20 3008 6180 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2020, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/ author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book. 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Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] Yearbook of Anesthesiology-9 First Edition: 2020 ISBN: 978-93-89188-90-5 Contributors Anita Mathew MD Babita Ghai MD Assistant Professor Professor Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Believers Church Medical College Hospital Intensive Care Thiruvalla, Kerala, India Postgraduate Institute of Medical [email protected] Education and Research Chandigarh, India Anju Romina Bhalotra MD [email protected] Director Professor Department of Anesthesiology Bhuwan Chand Panday MD Maulana Azad Medical College Consultant New Delhi, India Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and [email protected] Perioperative Medicine Sir Ganga Ram Hospital New Delhi, India Anoop Raj Gogia MD [email protected] Consultant and Professor Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Brig RM Sharma MD Consultant and Head Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Anesthesiology and Critical Care Safdarjang Hospital Army Hospital (R&R) New Delhi, India New Delhi, India [email protected] [email protected] Arun Maheshwari MD CK Dua DA MD FICA Chairman (Cardiac Anesthesia) Former Director Professor and Head Dharma Vira Heart Centre Anesthesiology Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok New Delhi, India Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital, New Delhi [email protected] Former Professor and Head (Anesthesiology) Asha Tyagi MD DNB MNAMS Santosh Medical College and Hospital Director Professor Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Anesthesiology and [email protected] Critical Care University College of Medical Sciences and Deep Arora MD Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital Director (Orthopedic Anesthesia) New Delhi, India Medanta—The Medicity [email protected] Gurugram, Haryana, India [email protected] Ashu Sara Mathai MD Vice Principal and Professor Deepak Pahwa MD Department of Anesthesiology Consultant (Orthopedic Anesthesia) Believers Church Medical College Hospital Medanta—The Medicity Thiruvalla, Kerala, India Gurugram, Haryana, India [email protected] [email protected] vi Yearbook of Anesthesiology-9 Devalina Goswami MD Kumar G Belani MS FACA FAAP Associate Professor Professor Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Department of Anesthesiology Medicine and Critical Care University of Minnesota All India Institute of Medical Sciences Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (AIIMS) [email protected] New Delhi, India [email protected] Lakesh Kumar Anand MD FIMSA FCCP MAMS Professor of Anesthesia Elvin Daniel MD FIACTA Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Associate Consultant (Cardiac Anesthesia) Care Dharma Vira Heart Centre Government Medical College and Hospital Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Chandigarh, India New Delhi, India [email protected] [email protected] Lokesh Kashyap MD Professor Gita Nath MD DA DNB FFARCS Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Consultant (Anesthesia and Intensive Care) Medicine and Critical Care Axon Anesthesia Associates All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hyderabad, Telangana, India (AIIMS) [email protected] New Delhi, India [email protected] Himanshu Suri DA Senior Consultant M Subrahmanyam MD DNB DA (UK) FRCA Department of Anesthesia Consultant (Anesthesia and Intensive Care) Medanta Institute of Musculoskeletal Axon Anesthesia Associates Disorders and Orthopedics Hyderabad, Telangana, India Medanta—The Medicity [email protected] Gurugram, Haryana, India [email protected] Magesh Parthiban MD Senior Resident JP Attri MD Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Professor Medicine and Critical Care Department of Anesthesia All India Institute of Medical Sciences Government Medical College (AIIMS) Amritsar, Punjab, India New Delhi, India [email protected] [email protected] Kapil Dev Soni MD Maj Gen Rashmi Datta VSM MD MG (Med) Associate Professor Senior Consultant Critical and Intensive Care Anesthesiology and Critical Care Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt and All India Institute of Medical Sciences Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India New Delhi [email protected] [email protected] Manpreet Singh MD FCCP FIMSA FACEE FCCS Kirti N Saxena MD MAMS Director Professor and Head Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Intensive Care Government Medical College and Hospital Maulana Azad Medical College Chandigarh, India New Delhi, India manpreetdawar@ hotmail.com, [email protected] [email protected] Contributors vii Neetu Jain MD DNB Purnima Dhar MD Senior Consultant Senior Consultant (Anesthesia and Critical Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Care) Perioperative Medicine Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi, India Sir Ganga Ram Hospital [email protected] New Delhi, India [email protected] Rahil Singh DA DNB Assistant Professor Neha Agrawal DA DNB MBA (HCA) Department of Anesthesiology Regional Quality Head (North)—Narayana Maulana Azad Medical College Health New Delhi, India Senior Consultant Anesthesiology [email protected] Dharamshila Narayana Superspecialty Hospital Ranjana Khetarpal MD New Delhi, India Professor Department of Anesthesia [email protected] Government Medical College Amritsar, Punjab, India Nitika Goel MD [email protected] Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology and Rashmi Salhotra MD Intensive Care Associate Professor Postgraduate Institute of Medical Department of Anesthesiology and Education and Research Critical Care Chandigarh, India University College of Medical Sciences and [email protected] Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital New Delhi, India [email protected] Pallavi Ahluwalia MD PDGHHM CCEPC FIMSA Professor of Anesthesiology Reeta Singh MD DNBE MBA (HCS) Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Dip Interventional Pain Palliative Medicine Consultant Anesthesiologist Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College Awali Hospital and Research Center Kingdom of Bahrain Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected] [email protected] Richa Aggarwal MD Payal Jain MD Associate Professor Assistant Professor Critical and Intensive Care Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre Perioperative Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College [email protected] and Research Center Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected] Roberto C Blanco MD Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Preet Mohinder Singh MD Regional Anesthesia Division Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Co-director Regional Anesthesia Fellowship Washington University School of Medicine University of Minnesota Saint Louis, Missouri, USA Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA [email protected] [email protected] viii Yearbook of Anesthesiology-9 Sanjay Sharma MD FANZCA GCCS MHSM Susheela Taxak DA MD DNBE Associate Professor and Deputy Director Senior Professor Department of Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology Ballarat Health Services Pt Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Ballarat, Victoria, Australia Institute of Medical Sciences [email protected] Rohtak, Haryana, India [email protected] Saurabh Kumar Das MD PDCC IFCCM EDIC Senior Consultant (Critical Care) Artemis Hospital Swarup Sri Varaday MD FRCA FCARSI Gurugram, Haryana, India Associate Professor of Anesthesiology [email protected] Washington University School of Medicine Shreya Goswami MD Saint Louis, Missouri, USA Clinical Research Associate [email protected] Department of Anesthesiology University of Washington Vinh Nguyen DO St Louis, Missouri, USA Assistant Professor [email protected] Department of Anesthesiology University of Minnesota Sumit Ray MD FICCM Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Chairperson of Critical Care [email protected], nguyenv@umn. Artemis Hospital edu Gurugram, Haryana, India [email protected] Surinder Mohan Sharma MD DMICAc FICA Chairman Department of Anesthesia Medanta Institute of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Orthopedics Medanta—The Medicity Gurugram, Haryana, India [email protected] Foreword Anesthesiology is a rapidly growing specialty and anesthesiologists need to keep pace with the ever-increasing demands of patients with associated medical disorders presenting for surgery. From behind the curtain role to a commanding position in the management of patients, anesthesiologists play a significant role not only in the operating room but beyond also. Indian College of Anaesthesiologists has been playing an important role by bringing out the new developments in the field of anesthesiology through Yearbook of Anesthesiology every year for the last eight years. Yearbook of Anesthesiology-9, now ready for release has topics that have been very well chosen with regard to coverage in the previous editions and the impact of the latest research on the practice of anesthesiology. The editors, Drs Raminder Sehgal and Anjan Trikha have been doing a great job in selecting the contributors who have exceled in their chosen fields. The chapters have been written and edited to make the text easy-to- understand and comprehend. Yearbook of Anesthesiology-9 promises to be an invaluable asset to learning process for the anesthesiologists of every stature, particularly the younger generation. The book is unique in the sense that it does not follow the conventional “system by system” chapters but brings out the newer insights into the science of patient care that would widen the knowledge base of all those reading it. I sincerely believe this book would go far and wide and adorn the tables of the scientifically oriented. Congratulations to the editors for a well-crafted work of science and my compliments to the contributing authors for the excellent write up. Baljit Singh MD FICA Former Director Professor GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research New Delhi Professor Anesthesia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India CEO, Indian College of Anaesthesiologists [email protected]