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YALE-G FIRST AID: CRUSH USMLE STEP 2CK & Step 3 (Fourth Edition) YALE GONG, MD, MS Senior Clinical Investigator Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Copyright © 2017, 2016, 2015, 2013, 2010 by Yale Gong in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the copyright owner. Copyright infringement will face serious legal consequences! Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, USA Gong, Yale YALE-G FIRST AID: CRUSH USMLE STEP 2CK & STEP 3 (4th Edition)/ By Yale Gong. p. ; cm. ISBN13: 978-1634150859 4th Edition Plus E-book (updated as of April 15, 2018). Publisher of Yale-G’s eBook and paper book: www.usmle-yaleg.com Contact: [email protected] Cover design: Christina Paraskevopoulou at www.fiverr.com Reviewers Matthew A. Warner, MD Anesthesiologist Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Magdalini Tsintou, MD, MS Neuroscientist Harvard University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Acknowledgments Genuine thanks to Dr. Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Dr. Matthew Warner, Dr. Magdalini Tsintou, Dr. Mary T. S. Bah, and Dr. Angela Pronger and other professional friends for their important support of this highly challenging book! Same thanks to www.google.com for all forms of help! “Those who sow in tears shall reap in joy.” — Psalms 126:5 Preface The fifth edition of the “Yale-G First Aid: Crush USMLE Step 2 CK and Step 3” has been a great update from the already well-known, almost 5-star fourth edition at Amazon, with the author team’s persistent efforts for 7-8 years. It has been updated greatly based on www.usmle.org*, www.uptodate.com, www.uworld.com, “Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment”, Kaplan Medical books, and a large volume of kind, supportive feedback from medical students and doctors in the US and around the world. According to frank feedbacks to the author team and amazon.com, this book has really collected the most high-yield and complete clinical knowledge (CK) particularly needed for the USMLE Step 2 CK and Step 3 (clinical management) and thus already been accepted as the best single resource compared to similar books in the USMLE market after years of competition. If you have been looking for the equivalent of “First Aid for the USMLE Step 1” with no success, this can be it! This can be your “bible” for USMLE Step 2 CK and Step 3. You no longer need to buy a pile of pricy clinical books and an overwhelming variety of sources and wonder whether they are updated and/or correct. All the complex and high- yield materials are in here and presented in an easy to digest format without wordy, tiring descriptions. This book can be helpful for Step 1 (15-20% overlapped questions) and Step 2 CS (for differential diagnosis) too, but it is certainly a must for USMLE Step 2 CK and Step 3 if you aim at high scores. Important features of this book include: 1. Systematic and refined summaries of all common and uncommon diseases and disorders that are frequently tested in the USMLE Step 2 CK and Step 3. They are composed mainly of important concepts, etiologies, essentials of diagnoses, differential diagnoses, treatments, and preventive measures. 2. Well-organized contents in easy-to-remember formats and abbreviations; more than 100 tables for summaries and differential diagnoses, and necessary details of high-yield “orderly steps” in the diagnosis and management of major diseases. Most important clinical points are in “PEARLS”, underlined, and bolded as priorities and with great potential to be seen in the USMLE. 3. 600 refined, fundamental, and high-yield questions (HYQs) in real-examination format (“Single best answer” and “Matching”) chapter by chapter for application of the key clinical knowledge. All explanations and related topics should be read carefully. 4. 155 selected high-yield clinical images with brief diagnostic features side by side for deeper digestion and memory of the important clinical knowledge. All the “Clinical Images” and “Table of Contents and Classified Index” are linked to the text for reader’s convenience. After a thorough digestion of this book (study twice), you should go through at least 2000 high-yield practice questions in the best question bank at “www.usmleworld.com” twice. Then you will be ready to crush the USMLE Step 2 CK and Step 3 with high scores! I’m so confident of this that I keep the promise of “money back guarantee” for any rare failure of the USMLE Step 2 CK after using this book. This book is your ticket to the USMLE and ECFMG certification! It can also be a special aid in medical school education in the US and around the world. Honestly, if this book is better than most similar ones in the market, it is only because I have dedicated a larger part of my life than most other professionals. I take all feedbacks and contributions constructively with reward, and will keep improving the book to reach as close to perfect as possible to satisfy your needs for clinical exams and rotations. Best wishes to all who appreciate and use this book! Yale Gong, MD, MS *www.usmle.org: “USMLE Step 3: Examinees are seeing increased numbers of items that assess an expanded range of competency-based content, including foundational science essential for effective healthcare; biostatistics, epidemiology, and population health; literature interpretation; medical ethics; and patient safety.” Table of Contents and Classified Index Chapter 1 INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES PEARLS: HIGH-YIELD CLINICAL POINTS OF ANTIBIOTICS INFECTIONS OF THE EYES, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT EYE INFECTIONS Infectious Conjunctivitis Otitis Media Otitis Externa Rhinosinusitis Septic Dural Sinus Thrombosis RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS Pharyngitis Laryngitis The Common Cold Influenza (“Flu”) Bronchitis Pneumonia Lung Abscess Pulmonary Tuberculosis (“TB”) INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) Meningitis Encephalitis Brain Abscess GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT INFECTIONS Infectious Diarrhea and Food Poisoning VIRAL HEPATITIS Hepatitis A (HA) Hepatitis B (HB) Hepatitis C (HC) Hepatitis D (HD) Hepatitis E (HE) UROGENITAL INFECTIONS AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD) UROGENITAL INFECTIONS Lower Urinary Tract Infections (Lower UTI) Pyelonephritis (Upper UTI) Prostatitis Bacterial Prostatitis Epididymitis SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD) Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS (OIs) BLOOD INFECTIONS AND RELATED DISEASES Sepsis Toxic Shock Syndrome Infectious Mononucleosis Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) BONE, JOINT AND MUSCLE INFECTIONS (Pyogenic) Osteomyelitis Infectious Arthritis Gas Gangrene (Clostridial Myonecrosis) Tetanus ARTHROPOD-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS Lyme Disease Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Malaria Rabies Other Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Chapter 1: High-yield Questions (HYQ) Chapter 2 DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PEARLS: IMPORTANT DIFFERENTIATIONS OF CHEST PAIN ARRHYTHMIAS ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (IHD) —CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) Angina Pectoris Myocardial Infarction (MI) Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) HEART FAILURE (HF) HYPERLIPIDEMIA SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION PULMONARY HEART DISEASE (COR PULMONALE) ENDOCARDIAL AND VALVULAR HEART DISEASES Endocarditis Rheumatic Fever VALVULAR HEART DISEASES Mitral Stenosis (MS) Mitral Regurgitation (MR) Aortic Stenosis (AS) Aortic Regurgitation (AR) Tricuspid Stenosis (TS) Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) Pulmonary Stenosis (PS) Pulmonic Regurgitation (PR) CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Coarctation of the Aorta (CA) Tetralogy of Fallot (Fallot Tetralogy) Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) Persistent Truncus Arteriosus (PTA) Tricuspid Atresia (TA) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Kartagener Syndrome (KS) or Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) MYOCARDIAL DISEASES Myocarditis Cardiomyopathies Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) PERICARDIAL DISEASES Acute Pericarditis Pericardial Effusion Cardiac Tamponade Constrictive Pericarditis VASCULAR DISEASES Aortic Dissection Aortic Aneurisms (AA) Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD) Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)