XYLOPIA DECORTICANS (ANNONACEAE), A NEW CAULIFLOROUS SPECIES FROM BRAZIL

2007·2.7 MB·English

by  Adriana Q Lobão

Contr.Univ.MichiganHerb.25:207-211.2007.
XYLOPIA DECORTICANS(ANNONACEAE),
ANEWCAULIFLOROUS SPECIES FROMBRAZIL
AdrianaQ.Lobao
InstitutedePesquisas,JardimBotanicodoRiodeJaneiro
RuaPachecoLeao,915
22460-180,JardimBotanico,RiodeJaneiro-RJ,Brazil
DavidM.Johnson
DepartmentofBotany-Microbiology
OhioWesleyanUniversity
Delaware.Ohio43015
Abspract. Xylopiadecorlicans,anewspeciesdescribedfrommoistlowlandforestlocalities
inEspiritoSanto,Brazil,isremarkableamongAnnonaceaeforthereddishbrownexfoliatingbarkofits
twigsanditscauliflory.ItisrelatedtoagroupofNeotropicalXylopiaspeciescharacterizedbyrelatively
broadandflatpetals,andmostcloselyresemblesanothersoutheasternBrazilianspecies,X.lanceolata
R.E.Fries,whichincontrasthassmoothtwigs,axillaryinflorescences,shorterpetals,andshorterleaves
withascendingsecondaryveins.
Resi'mo. Xylopiadecorticans,umanovaespeciedescritanaslocalidadesdeilorestalimidade
baixadadoEspiritoSanto,Brasil,dcstaca-secntreasAnnonaceaepelacascadosramosmarromaver-
melhadaesfolianteecaulifloria.AespecieerelacionadaaurngruponeotropicaldeespeciesdeXylopia
competalaslargaseplanaseseassemelhaaoutraespeciedosudestebrasileiro.XlanceolataR.E.Fries,
poremessaternramoslisos,inflorescenciasaxilares,petalasmenoresefolhasmenorescomnervuras
secundariasascendentes.
Approximately150speciesofXylopiaaredistributedacrossboththeNewWorld
andOldWorldtropics,abroaddistributionuniqueinthefamilyAnnonaceae.All
speciesofthisgenusaretreesorshrubs,theNeotropicalspeciesoftenwithadistinc-
tivepyramidalhabitanddownsweptbranches.Theflowers,whichhavepointedpet-
als,areusuallyborneinaxillaryinflorescencesandareonlyrarelyborneonthetrunk.
XylopiaisoneofthefewgeneraofAnnonaceaewithdehiscentfruits:theindividual
monocarpsoftheaggregatefruitsopentodisplayseedswitheitherfleshyseedcoats
orarilsagainstabrightlycoloredfruitinterior.
In the Neotropics there are about60species ofXylopia,these most recently
enumeratedbyFries(1959).WithintheNeotropicalgroupFriesdistinguishedseveral
speciescharacterizedbyrelativelyshortbroadbudsandpetals,theseoccurringeither
inthecoastalforestsofeasternandsoutheasternBrazil{X.laevigata(Mart.)R.E.
Fries,X.lanceolataR.E.Fries,X.langsdorfianaA.St.-Hil.&TuL,andX.ochmntha
Mart.) orintheupperAmazon Riverbasin{X.cuspidataDiels,X. longiciispisR.
E.Fries,X.peruvianaR.E.Fries,X.platypetalaR.E.Fries,andX.poeppigiiR.E.
Fries).SinceFries^s1959monographXylopiainvoliicrataDias&Kinoshitahasbeen
describedfromeasterncoastalBrazil,butitdiffersfromthosespeciesmentioned
abovebecauseofitslargerbroadleatheryleavesandcopiousbrownindumentum
oftheleavesandtwigs(Dias&Kinoshita1998).
Recent collecting in the state of Espirito Santo in southeastern Brazil has
revealedaspeciesofthebroad-petaledgroupremarkableamongAnnonaceaefor
thereddishbrownflakingbarkofitstwigs.Itisfurthermoredistinctiveinitscauliflo-
roushabit,withshort-pedicelledflowersarisingfromtuberclesthatdeveloponthe
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208 CON!R.UNIVERSriYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
trunkandleaflessbranches,arelativelyuncommoncharacteristicwithinthegenus
butaconditionfoundinseveralspeciesofthisgroupofxylopias.
XylopiadecorticansD.M.Johnson&Lobao,sp.nov. Type:Brazil.EspiritoSanto:
Mpio.SantaTeresa,NovaLombardia,ReservaBiologicaAugusto Ruschi,
trilhadaTronqueira,8Oct2002,R.R.Vcrvloef,E.Baiisen&W^Pizziolo1172
(holotype:MBML!;isotypes:RB!). Fig,1.
Speciespetalislatisplanisetfoliiselongato-lanceolatislongioribusminimum 12
cmlongisXylopiaelanceolataesimilis,sedramunculisdecorticantibuscorticerufaet
inflorescentiisintruncovelramispostlapsumfoliorumportatisdifferens.
Treeortreelet2-11mtall,withaDBHof5-11cm;barklongitudinallyfurrowed.
Twigs with reddish brown flaking bark (Fig. lA, B), initially sparsely appressed
golden-pubescent,soonglabrate,thehairs0.2-0.3 mm long,lenticellate.Laminaof
largerleaves9-24cmlong,2-4.8cmwide,concolorous.chartaceoustosubcoriaceous
with a thickened yellow margin, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or rarely ovate,
cuneatetobroadlycuneateatthebase,acutetoattenuateattheapex,occasionally
acuminateorrounded,glabrousabove,sparselypubescentatthebaseandalongthe
midribbutotherwiseglabrousbelow;midribimpressedtoslightlyimpressedabove,
raisedbelow;secondaryveins15-25perside,atmidpointofleafdivergingat70-100°
fromthemidrib,brochidodromous,intersecondariesoccasionallystrong:secondary
andhigher-orderveinsraisedonbothsurfaces,thehigher-orderveinsformingacon-
spicuousreticulum.Petiole3-8mmlong,1-2mmthick,shallowlycanaliculateadaxi-
ally,sparselyappressedgolden-pubescenttoglabrate.Inflorescencesof1-5flowers,
arisingfromtuberclesonthetrunkoronleaflessbranches;pedicels4.7-10mmlong,
denselyappressed-pubesceut;bractsohtary,claspingthepedicel,1.5-2mmlong,2.2-4
mmwide,ovate,obtuseoroccasionallybilobed,appressed-pubescent.Budsbroadly
lanceolate,obtuse.Sepalsgreeninv/vo,freetoshort-connateatthebase,reflexedat
anthesis(Fig.ID),1.8-4mm long,3.3-5mmwide,crescent-shaped,roundedatthe
apex,appressed-pubescent.Petalsredtopalepinkinv/vo,fleshy;outerpetals16-22
mmlong,5-8mmwideatbase,3.5-6mmwideatmidpoint,lanceolate,acuteatapex,
keeledexternally,concavityextendingnearlytoapexinternally(keeledfor1-2mm
attip),appressed-pubescentinsidebutwithaglabrouspatchatbase(Fig.IE),golden
appressed-pubescentexternally;innerpetals8-18mmlong,3.3-6mmwideatbase,
1.7-2.0mmwideatmidpoint,lanceolate,keeledexternally,keeledfrommidpointto
apexinternally,proximallygivingwaytoagroovethatwidensintothebasalconcav-
ity,denselypubescentonbothsurfacesexceptatthebase.Stamensca.120,1-1.3mm
long,narrowlyoblong;anthersseptateatanthesis,with6-8locules;apexofconnec-
tive0.1-0.2mmlong,flattened,overhangingantherthecae,minutelypapillate;outer-
moststamensstaminodial(Fig. IH), 1.0-1.3mmlong,clavatetoquadrate;staminal
cone2.1m-2m.4mmindiameter,0.3-0.8mmhigh.Carpelsca.17,5-6mmlong;ovaries
1.1-1.5 long,oblong,denselypubescent;stigmascoherentintoaconelikemass,
eachstigma4.0^.2mmlong,linear,pubescentandminutelyverrucose;ovulesca.2
inasinglerow.Torusca.3mmindiameter,glabrous.Fruitof8-13monocarpsborne
onapedicel 10-15mmlong,1.7mmthickatmidpoint,withthebarkreddishbrown
andflakingoffmuchasonthetwigs;torusoffruit4-5mmindiameter,2-3mmhigh;
mcomnowicdaer,ps0.p2-i0n.k5tcomretdhiinckv,ivoob,lodnegh-ifsaclecnattea,tcmaotmuprrietsys(eFdig.la1teLr)a.ll1y.,7-s2p.a2rcsemlylopnugb,e0s.c5e-n1t.,0
contractedintoastipe3-7mmlong;apexrounded,apiculate.Seeds2-4,obliqueto
perpendiculartolongaxisofmonocarp,ca.10mmlong,ca.6mmindiameter,ellip-
soid,arillate.
2007 LOBAO&JOHNSON:XYLOPIADECORTICANS 209
FIG.1.Xylopiadecorticans.A.Habit.B.Close-upoftwig,showingexfoliatingbark.C.Cauiineinflo-
rescence.D.Individualflower.E.Outerpetal,innersurface.EInnerpetal,innersurface.G.Stamen.
oHn.:SAt,amB,inJ,odLeo.baI.oCa1r2p8e3l,.RJB.;FrCu,it.VeKr.vlIonedlievtidulu.al16m4o0n,oMcBarMpL,;loDn-gIi,tuBdionoanlevi1e0w1.6,L.MOBpMeLn;mKo,noDceamripm.e(rBaelseald.
]5.MBML;L,Demuner&Bausen537,MBML.)
210 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHHRBARIUM VOLUME25
Phenology.CollectedwithflowersfromJanuarytoMarchandfromAugustto
November,andwithfruitsfromJanuarytoMayandAugusttoOctober.
Distribution.KnownonlyfromSantaMariadeJetibaandSantaTeresamunici-
palitiesinEspiritoSanto,Brazil(themajorityofcollectionsfromtwoConservation
Units,Santa Lucia Biological Station andAugusto Ruschi Biological Reserve,in
MountainAtlanticForest);frequent;600-850m.
Adijitionai.Si'i:cimensExaminrd.Brazil.EspiritoSanto:Mpio.SantaMariadeJcliba:Riodas
Pcdras.propriedadedeEmi'lioFeich.23Mar2007(fl,fr),l-onuvuieiul.3150(MBML.RB).Mpio.Santa
Teresa:morrodaestagaorepetidoradeTV.13Jan 1986(fl).Booiie1016{MBML,MO.RB):niatado
MuseudeBiologiaMello-Lcitao,5Jan2000(fr).Demiincr&Hansen45()(MBML.RB);MataFria.lerreno
dederioLoss(ladoesquerdo).13Jan2()()0(11,Ir).Deimmer&Baiisen537{MBML);Eslai^^aoBiologiea
deSantatAicia,triihadoSagiii.naA3P16,22Sep1999(fr),Deimmcrctal.J5(MBML,RB);MalaFria,
terrenedeClerioLoss.28Oct1998(fl),Kallmannelal.H42(MBML.RB);Aparecidinha.lerrenodeLuiz
Bringhcnti.9Nov1998(fl).Knilnuinnelal.H96(SFF);Esta(,-aoBiologieadeSantaLiicia.triihaparao
tunuilodoAugustoRuschi,9Aug20(J.S(fl,fr),LobaoI2H3(RB);MalaFria,19May1999(fr),Lopesel
aall..H7H4304((MMBBMMLL..ROB)W;UE,sttaJ)g;aoEsBtiaoglaoogiBeiaoldoegiSeaantdaeLSiaincitaa,L1u9c"i58a',S,ma40r°g3e2m'W,dir1e6itFaebdo19R9i9o(Tyigmbfur)i,,M1a2asFeebl
1999(fr),Mello-Silra1557(SFF);estradaparaJoaoNeiva,limilenortedaEsta^aoBiologieadeNova
Lombardia.SiliodoSr.Waldir.13Feb1999(fl),Mello-Silva1571(K,SFF);Esta^aoBiologieadeSanta
LTuhcoinai.az188J1a2n(1M99B5M(Lfl,),TRlBu)m;niN:o.v;ZiS7Lo(mMbBaMrdLi,a,RBR,esSePrFv)a;EBsitolao^gaioeaBiAoulogguisetaoSRaunstcahiL,uceisat.r2a2daSeJpoa1o99N3ei(vfal).,
finaldareserva.proximoarepresaTracomal.30Apr2002(fr),Vervloclelal.220(MBML,RB);Nova
Lombardia,ReservaBiologieaAugustoRuschi.9Oct2002(fr).Vervloelelal.J188(MBML);NovaLom-
bardia,ReservaBiologieaAugustoRuschi.estradaparaJoaoNeiva,parteinicial,8Jan2003(fl),Vervloel
elal.1640(MBML).
Xylopiadecortkansisnamedfortheexfoliatingbarkofthetwigs.Inthekeyof
Fries(1930),itwouldbeidentifiedasX.ianceolatabecauseofitsflatbroadpetals
andelongate-lanceolateleaveswiththebladeexceeding12cminlength.Theouter
petalsofthenewspecies,however,are16-22mmlong,asopposedto12-15mmin
X.Ianceolata,andtheleavesreachanevengreaterlength(maximumof24cmvs.
18cm).XylopiaIanceolataisdescribedashavingthebarkofthetwigsreddishand
cracked(''vetustioribuscorticeruforimulosoobtectis")butnotpeehngandflaking,
asinX.decortkans.XylopiaIanceolatadiffersfurtherfromthenewspeciesinhaving
thesecondaryveinsoftheleavesmoreascendingthanperpendicular,andinhaving
theflowersborneinleafaxilsratherthanonthetrunk.
Caulifloryisrelativelyrare amongNeotropical speciesofXylopia.butoccurs
in the widespreadX. henihamiiR.E.Fries,inX. loni^icuspisandcloserelativeX.
cuspidata,and occasionally in X. ochrantha.Xylopia benthamiifurtherresembles
thenewspeciesinoccasionallyhavingapinkorsalmon-coloredhuetoitsflowers,
anuncommonpetalcolorinagenuswheretheflowersareusuallywhiteorcream
colored,withatmostapurpleblotchontheinnersurfaceofthepetalstowardthe
base.Xylopiabenthamiihasmuchsmallerleaves(blade9-12cmlong),anditstwigs
areslenderanddistinctlypilose,withnotraceofexfoliatingbark.Inmembersofthe
X.cuspidata/longicuspisgrouptheflowersarelargerthanthoseofA',decorticans,and
thepaleyellowpetalsarecoveredwithasilveryorgrayindumentum.Theleavesof
X.ochranthaareconsiderablysmallerthanthoseoiX.decorticans,andthesmooth
twigsarepersistentlyferruginous-pubescent.
While theeasternBrazilian MountainAtlanticForestinwhichX.decorticans
occursisathreatenedecosystem,thespeciesdoesoccurinlargepopulationswithin
twolegallyprotectedconservationareas,andwejudgethatitbestbeplacedinthe
2007 LOBAO&JOHNSON:XYLOPIADECORTICANS 211
LR (lowerrisk) category ofthe lUCN Red List (http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/
redlist.htm).OtherAnnonaceaeofrestricteddistributionalsooccuratthetwosites,
namelyAnnonaacutifloraMart.,GuatteriapogonopusMart.,Guatteriasellowiana
Schltdl.,andanundescribedspeciesofUnonopsis.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
WethankthecuratorsofK,MBML,MO,OWU,RB,SPF,andUformakingspecimensavailable
forstudy;WilliamR.Anderson,NancyMurray.ClaudioNicolettideFraga,MarianaMachadoSaavedra,
andRichardSaundersforcommentsonthemanuscript;andAndrePaviottiFontanaandRenatoMello-
SilvaforinformationonspecimensintheMBMLandSPFherbaria.AnaLuciaSouzapreparedthefinely
renderedillustration.
LITERATURECITED
Dias,M.C,andL.S.Kmoshita.1998.AnewspeciesofXylopiaL.(Annonaceae)fromBahia,Brazil.Kew
Bull.53:471-474.
Fries,R.E.1930.RevisionderArteneinigerAnonaceen-Gattungen.ActaHortiBerg.10(1):86-124.
Du.n1c95k9e.rAn&noHnuamcbelaoet..InDienatiirlichenPfianzcnfamilien,ed.2,ed.H.Melchior,17aII:1-170.Berlin: