Xenotransplantation : basic research and clinical applications PDF
Preview Xenotransplantation : basic research and clinical applications
XX EENNOOTTRRAANNSSPPLLAANNTTAATTIIOONN BB RR AASSIICC EESSEEAARRCCHHAANNDD CC AA LLIINNIICCAALL PPPPLLIICCAATTIIOONNSS EEDDIITTEEDDBBYY JJ LL.. PP ,, EEFFFFRREEYY LLAATTTT MMDD HH PP UUMMAANNAA RREESSSS i Xenotransplantation ii iii Xenotransplantation Basic Research and Clinical Applications Edited by Jeffrey L. Platt, MD Transplantation Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN H P UMANA RESS T , N J OTOWA EW ERSEY iv © 2002 Humana Press Inc. 999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208 Totowa, New Jersey 07512 www.humanapress.com For additional copies, pricing for bulk purchases, and/or information about other Humana titles, contact Humana at the above address or at any of the following numbers: Tel.: 973-256-1699; Fax: 973-256-8341, E-mail: [email protected]; or visit our Website: http://humanapress.com All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher. All articles, comments, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. Due diligence has been taken by the publishers, editors, and authors of this book to assure the accuracy of the information published and to describe generally accepted practices. The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regula- tions, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications. This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug. It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients. Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice. The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from the application of the information presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents in this publication. Cover design by Patricia F. Cleary. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. (cid:39) ANSI Z39.48-1984 (American National Standards Institute) Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materi- als. Photocopy Authorization Policy: Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Humana Press Inc., provided that the base fee of US $10.00 per copy, plus US $00.25 per page, is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable to Humana Press Inc. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: [0-89603-674-X/02 $10.00 + $00.25]. Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Xenotransplantation: basic research and clinical applications / edited by Jeffrey L. Platt. p. cm. Includes bibliography and index. ISBN 0-89603-674-X 1. Xenografts. I. Platt, Jeffrey L. QR188.8.X453 2002 617.9’5–dc21 2001051652 v Preface No field of medicine has engendered greater excitement or enjoyed greater success than the field of transplantation. Organ transplantation allows the “cure” of disease by replacing failing organs with physiologi- cally normal organs. Tissue transplantation and tissue engineering allow not only the replacement of abnormal cells, such as bone marrow cells, but also the possibility of using a transplant to impart novel physiologic func- tions. The major limitation to applying transplantation for the treatment of disease is a shortage of human donors. This shortage limits transplant procedures to as few as five percent of those that would be carried out if the supply of organs and tissues were unlimited. Because of this shortage and because of recent advances in fundamental knowledge, there has been a crescendo of interest in xenotransplantation, the use of animals in lieu of humans as organ and tissue donors. For many years, xenotransplantation has seemed only a distant prospect because of the severe immune responses of the host against the graft. Recent studies, however, have revealed the molecular basis of these immune responses and have given rise to novel therapeutic approaches for circumventing them. For example, the generation of transgenic animals expressing human comple- ment regulatory proteins or human glycosyltransferases raises the prospect that the severest type of rejection can be avoided without manipulating the xenograft recipient. Thus, xenotransplantation has quickly moved to center stage in the field of transplantation, engaging the interest of clinicians, basic scientists, and academicians. Xenotransplantation: Basic Research and Clinical Applicationscom- piles and explains the fundamental molecular and cell biology that has been applied with such advantage in the emerging fields of transplant immunol- ogy and xenotransplantation. The contributors to this book are established authorities in transplant immunology and molecular and cell biology. This book provides a base of knowledge for the practitioner, fellow, and student, and those involved in biotechnology and related sciences. Jeffrey L. Platt, MD v vi vii Contents Preface ................................................................................................v Contributors .....................................................................................ix 1 Molecular and Cellular Hurdles to Xenotransplantation Jeffrey L. Platt.........................................................................1 2 Pathological Responses to Xenotransplantation Matilde Bustos and Jeffrey L. Platt......................................45 3 Natural Xenoreactive Antibodies Uri Galili...............................................................................57 4 Specificity of Xenoreactive Natural Antibodies William Parker, Paul B. Yu, and Yuko C. Nakamura..........73 5 Biophysical Properties of Xenoreactive Natural Antibodies William Parker, Ryan C. Fields, and Yuko C. Nakamura.....................................................87 6 The Origin of Xenoreactive Natural Antibodies Paul B. Yu............................................................................103 7 Synthesis of Carbohydrate Antigens Recognized by Xenoreactive Antibodies Mauro S. Sandrin and Ian F. C. McKenzie........................119 8 The Complement Barrier to Xenotransplantation Agustin P. Dalmasso...........................................................139 9 Defects and Amplification of Costimulation Across the Species Nicola Rogers and Robert Lechler.....................................173 vii viii Contents 10 Antibody-Dependent Effects on Cellular Immunity Antonello Pileggi, R. Damaris Molano, Thierry Berney, and Luca Inverardi.........................................................199 11 Disordered Regulation of Coagulation and Platelet Activation in Xenotransplantation Simon C. Robson.................................................................215 12 Current Applications of Cellular Xenografts Albert S. B. Edge.................................................................247 Index ...............................................................................................265 ix Contributors THIERRY BERNEY • Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL MATILDE BUSTOS • Department of Surgery, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain AGUSTINP. DALMASSO•Departments of Surgery and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN ALBERT S. B. EDGE • Diacrin, Inc., Charlestown, MA RYAN C. FIELDS • Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC URI GALILI • Departments of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and Immunology and Microbiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL LUCA INVERARDI • Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL ROBERT LECHLER • Department of Immunology, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK BRUCE LOVELAND • Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Austin Research Institute, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia IAN F. C. MCKENZIE • Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Austin Research Institute, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia R. DAMARIS MOLANO•Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL YUKOC. NAKAMURA•Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC WILLIAM PARKER • Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC ANTONELLO PILEGGI•Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL JEFFREY L. PLATT • Transplantation Biology and the Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN ix
The list of books you might like
