Xenophon: Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apologia. (Loeb Classical Library No. 168)

710 Pages·1923·34.55 MB·Greek

by  Xenophon

I
XENOP] [ON I
I
I
MEMORABILIA
I
OECONOMICUS I
I
SYMPOSIUM
APOLOGY
1
I
1
1
1 i
i
1
1
1
i
El
1
Translated
by
MARCHANT
E. C.
O. J.TODD
i
i
XENOPHON
(0.430 to c.3^4 BC) was a
wealthy Athenian and friend of Socrates.
J
He left Athens in 401 and joined an
ten thousand Greeks
expedition including
led by the Persian governor Cvrus against
o o
s *
the Persian After the defeat of
king. Cyrus,
it fell to Xenophon to lead the Greeks
from the of back to the
gates Babylon
coast lands. Later he
through inhospitable
wrote the famous vivid account of this
'March but mean-
Up-Country' (Anabasis);
while he entered service under the
Spar-
tans the Persian married
against king,
happily, and joined the staff of the Spartan
But Athens was at war
king, Agesilaus.
with Sparta in 394 and so exiled
The him an
Xenophon. Spartans gave
estate near Elis where he lived for vears
and and
his
writing hunting educating
sons. Reconciled to Athens re-
Sparta,
stored Xenophon to honour but he pre-
ferred to retire to Corinth.
Xenophon's Anabasis is a true storv of
remarkable adventures. Hellenica, a history
of Greek affairs from 41 1 to 362, begins as
a continuation of Thucvdides' account.
There are four works on Socrates
(col-
lected in Volume IV of the Loeb
Xenophon edition). In Memorabilia
Xenophon adds to Plato's of
picture
Socrates from a different The
viewpoint.
Apologv is an interesting complement to
Plato's account of Socrates' defense at his
trial. Xenophon's Symposium portrays a
Continued on back
flap
888
Xenophon
Xenophon.
Xenophon;
88189O
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XENOPHON
MEMORABILIA
OECONOMICUS
TRANSLATED BY
MARCHANT
E. C.
SYMPOSIUM APOLOGY
TRANSLATED BY
TODD
O.
J.
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
ENGLAND
LONDON,
First published 1923
Reprinted 1938, 1953, 1959, 1965, 1968, 1979, 1992, 1997
LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY is a registered trademark
ofthe President and Fellows of Harvard College
ISBN 0-674-99186-9
Printed in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press Ltd,
Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, on acid-free paper.
Bound by Hunter & Foulis Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION vii
MEMORABILIA
1
OECONOMICUS
361
SYMPOSIUM 527
APOLOGY 637
INDEX TO MEMORABILIA 665
INDEX TO OECONOMICUS 669
INDEX TO SYMPOSIUM AND APOLOGY 671

INTRODUCTION
Note on Ike Titles : (a) The Memorabilia.
THE title by which this work is familiarly known
to us, dates only from 1569, when Johann Lenklau
prefixed it to the Latin version that accompanied his
great edition of Xenophon's works. Before that
time scholars had commonly used the Greek title
Apomnemoneumata, i.e. Memoirs, or the awkward
De
description factis et dictis Socratis memoratu dignis.
The correct Latin equivalent of the Greek name is
Commentarii, which, in fact, occurs in the description
of the book given by Aulus Gellius (XIV. viz.
iii.),
libri quos dictorum et factorum Socratis commentarios
composuit (Xcnophon).
The Greek title itself is not altogether satisfactory
;
for in reality the Memorabilia consists of four separate
parts, which were certainly not all composed at the
same time, and to the first of these parts the title
does not
apply.
The Oeconomicus.
(b)
"
In many writes Cicero in a well-known
respects,"
"
passage of the de Senectute, Xenophon's works are
How
very useful. eloquently he praises agriculture
in his book entitled Oeconomicus which deals with
3
the care of one's Philodemus and Galen
property."
refer to the book as the Oeconomica. The ancients
certainly did not suppose that the title meant the
Economist or Householder, but understood it to denote
vn
INTRODUCTION
exactly what Cicero's words suggest a Discourse on
Estate Management. The same holds good mutatis
mutandis of the titles and
Hipparchiciis Cynegeticus.
I
The first part of the Memorabilia, which is con-
fined to the first two chapters of the First Book,,1
is a Defence of Socrates, who had been tried and
condemned to death on a charge of "impiety," in
the spring of 399 B.C. At the time of the trial
Xenophon was absent in Asia. No speech delivered
by any one of the three prosecutors Anytus, Meietus,
and Lycon had been published, and Xenophon in
consequence is only able to give the gist, not the
exact form, of the indictment (I. i. 1), which had
been drawn by Meietus. His reply to this indict-
ment extends to the eighth section of the second
chapter.
At this point a surprise is in store for the reader.
For in the next sentence (I. ii. 9) Xenophon suddenly
refers to "the prosecutor" in the singular, and
proceeds to combat a series of accusations that he had
"
This ' had
brought. prosecutor charged against
Socrates: that he encouraged his companions to
(1)
despise the laws (ii. 9); (2) that Critias and Alcibiades,
who had done great evil to the state, were his associ-
ates (ii. 12) ; (3) that he taught young men to despise
their fathers and their other relations, and to be
false to their friends (ii. 49) ; (4) that he encouraged
conduct and an anti-democratic
unscrupulous spirit
by the use he made of the poets 56).
(ii.
Xenophon at first sight appears to be replying here
1 The absurd division into books and chapters is, of
course, not due to Xenophon himself.
viii